高考英语非谓语动词(总结改错)

扶弱资料（六）

非谓语动词

所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

一、动词不定式:

动词不定式（时态与语态）：

1. 作主语:

To say something is one thing, to do it is another.

2. 作表语: My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately.

[注]：在let, make, see, notice, hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to. 如: He made a face and made everybody___________(laugh).

但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.

5. 作定语: He used to have a lot of meeting to attend.

[注]：当出现the first / second / last / only /best时，常跟不定式作定语

He was the first man _____________ (get) to school this morning.

6. 不定式作状语: To see what would happen, we stayed there.

二、分词（现在分词和过去分词）

（一）V-ing 形式（时态与语态）：

1.___________ (be) poor, he couldn’t go to school.

2.We are interested in _____________ ( play) chess.

3.The question _____________________ (discuss) now is important.

4.The boy was afraid of ____________________ (leave) alone at home.

5.____________________ (work) in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.

注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前

（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）

规则的：V-ed ；不规则的（记不规则动词表）

1. The boy went home with his homework _______________ (finish).

2. ___________ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.

现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别：

现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：the girl gathering flowers（正在采花的女孩）

过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：the flowers gathered this morning （早晨采的花）

1. 作表语: The news is very exciting. / They are very excited at the news.

2. 作定语: Don’t d isturb the sleeping child. / The arrested thief will be sentenced soon.

3. 作宾补: He likes to sit on the beach and watch the seagulls flying. / The work left everyone exhausted.

[注]：有些动词如see, hear, feel, notice, watch等既可跟现在分词，也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程

I saw the boys climbing the wall. 我看见孩子在爬墙。

I saw the boys climb the wall. 我看见孩子爬墙了。

4. 作状语: They stood there waiting for the bus

Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking.

Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.

Compare:

_______________ (follow) the old man, we went upstairs

2. ________________ (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs.

三、动名词（V-ing）

1.作主语和表语

动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：

Seeing is believing. / My hobby is collecting stamps.

[注]：在“It is no use (good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语“it”

It is no use quarreling with her. / Is it worthwhile trying again?

作宾语在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，

则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：

We don't allow_______________ (smoke) here．

We don't allow anybody ________________ (smoke) here

3. 作介词宾语

Have you got used to working on the night shift（值班）?