2013考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

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2013年考研英语一真题及详细解答(免费)

2013年考研英语一真题Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering backgroundinformation when makingindividual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by __2___ factors. But Dr. UriSimonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big __3___ was leadingdecision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were workingwith. __4___ , he theorised that a judge __5___ of apperaringtoo soft __6__ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To __8__ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the __9___of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10___ randomly for interview during thesame day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was __11___ .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12___by 31 admissions officers. Theinterviewers had__13___applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale __14___ numerous factorsinto consideration. The scores were __15___ used i n conjunction with an applicant ’ s score on theGranduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMA T, a standardized exam which is__16___ out of 800points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series ofinterviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17___that, thenthe score for the next applicant would __18___by an average of 0.075 points. Thismight sound small, but to __19___the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points thanwould otherwise have been __20___.1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]Inprinciple [D]Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C]replaceable[D]otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20.[A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn ’affect her, Priestlyexplains how the deep blue color of the assistant ’ s sweater descended over the years from fashionshows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn be’ tmore out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline ’threes-year indictment of “ fast fashion” . In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labelssuch as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly andanticipate demand moreprecisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant tolast onlya wash or two, although they don ’ t advertiseand tothatrenew their–wardrobe everyfew weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashioncycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to aseasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a$5.95 knit miniskirt in all its2,300-piusstores aroundtheworld, it mustrely on low-wageoverseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmfulchemicals.Overdressed is the fashionworld ’sanswer toconsumer-activist bestsellers likeMichaelPollan ’Thes Omnivore ’Dilemmas. “ Mass-producedclothing,like fast food,fills a hunger andneed, yet is non-durable and wasteful, ” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly20 billiongarments a year –about 64 items per person –and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman namedSarahKate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes –and beautifully. But asCline isthe first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; herexample can . ’ t be knoThough several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor andthe environment –including H&M, withits green Conscious Collection line –Clinebelieveslasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only startshopping more sustainably when theycan ’ t afford not to.21.P riestly criticizes herassistant for her [A] poorbargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22.A ccording to Cline, mass-maket labels urgeconsumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashionworld. [C] resist the influence ofadvertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23.T he word “indictment ” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest inmeaning to [A] accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D] tolerance.24.W hich of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aimthose most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.O nMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:Itsaid that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, wouldhave DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does notoblige anyoneto stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tellwhether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking withMicrosoftsome may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an adbusiness too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is stillworking out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly ondefault will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point forwindows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other“ behavioural’ s dproducts favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should havemore control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural ” ads help advertisers to:[A]ease competition among themselves[B]lower their operational costs[C]avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27.“The industry ” (Line 6,Para.3)refers to: [A] online advertisers[B] e-commerceconductors [C] digitalinformation analysis[D] internet browser developers28.B ob Liodice holds that setting DNT as adefault [A] many cut the number of junkads[B] fails to affect the adindustry [C] will notbenefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29.w hich of the following is ture according toParagraph.6? [A] DNT may not serve its intendedpurpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30.T he author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in hisblog is one of: [A] indulgence[B]understanding[C]appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciationof the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu toclimate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has littlefuture to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many specieshave endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look atour species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years (see "100,000 AD: Living in the deep future"). Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCN's "Red List" of threatened species, and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species isvery widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no majorthreats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of their ideas over very long timescales. Its flagship project is a mechanical clock, buried deep inside amountain in Texas, that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the idea that we shouldrecognise a new geological era: the Anthropocene. They, too, are pulling thecamera right back and asking what humanity's impact will be on the planet - inthe context of stratigraphic time.Perhaps perversely, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescalesthan about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best leftto science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem morelikely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy: while our species may flourish, a great many individuals may not. But we are now knowledgeable enough to mitigate many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. Thinking about our placein deep time is a good way to focus on the challenges that confront us today, andto make a future worth living in.31.O ur vision of the future used to beinspired by [A] our desire for ares offulfillment[B] our faith in science andteched [C] our awareness ofpotential risks[D] our bdief in equal opportunity32.T he IUCN “Rod List ”suggest that humanbeings on [A] a sustained species[B] the word ’s deminantpower [C] a threat to theenvironment[D] a misplaced race33.W hich of the following is true according toParagraph 5? [A] Arc helps limit the scope offuturological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions tosocial problem. [C] The interest inscience fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34.T o ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A]explore our planet’s abundant resources.[B]adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C]draw on our experience from the past.[D]curb our ambition to reshape history.35.W hich of the following would be the best titlefor the text? [A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.[D] Science, Technology and Humanity.Text 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona s immigration’lawMonday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the moreimportant matterof the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration effor t ’s to upsetthebalance of power between the federal government and thestates.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona ’ s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutio nal principle s that Washington alone has the power to “ establisha uniformRule ofNaturalizat ion ” andthat feder al laws precede state laws are noncontroversial .Arizona hadattempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to theexisting federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joine d by Chief Justice John Roberts andthe Court ’s liberals, ruledthat the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “ occupiedthe field and” Arizona had thus intruded on the federal ’ sprivileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verifythe legal status ofpeople who come in contact with law enforcement.That ’ s because Congress has alwaysenvisionedjoi nt federal-state immigration enforcement and explicit ly encouragesstate officers to shareinformation and cooperate with federalcolleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alit o and Clarence Thomas-agreedwith thisConstitutio nal logic but disagreed about which Arizona rule s conflicte d wit h thefederalstatute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even morerobust defense of state privileges going back to the alien andSedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alitodescribes in hisobjection as “ a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power ” .The White House ar tha t Arizona ’laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,e ven if statelaws complied withfederal statutes to the letter.In effec t, the White House claimed that it could invalidate anyotherwise legitimate state law that itdisagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship andthe borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from usingtheir ownresources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn ’ t want to carry out Congress ’ s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36.T hree provisions of Arizona ’s plan were overturned becausethey [A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance betweendifferent states. [C] overstepped the authorityof federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers ’ duty to withhold immigrants ’information.[B]States ’ independence from federal immigration law.[C]States ’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D]Congress ’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38.I t can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien andSedition Acts [A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states ’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39.T he White House claims that its power ofenforcement [A] outweighs that held by thestates.[B] is dependen t on the states ’ support.[C]is established by federal statutes.[D]rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A]Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C]Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D]The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choosethemost suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. Thereare two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1. (10points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a millionprofessionalsocial scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia.Accordingto the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide hasswollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today ’s global challengesincludingclimate change, security,sustainable development andhealth.(41)______Humanity has thenecessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops toarificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food,wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be graspingthe opportunity to raise itsinfluence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist JosephSchumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.lyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmentalchangedor “ climate change ” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practicalissues ,their scope is often local:Belgiumis”interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .Andwhether the community work contributes much to an overall accumulation ofknowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack offunding should not expect more intoday ’ s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework fundingprogramshave long had a category specifically targeted at socialscientists.Thisyear,it was proposedthatsystem be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have suchacategory ,Th is has resulted in protests from social scientists.Butthe intentionis not toneglectsocial science ; rather ,thecompleteopposite.(45)____Thatshouldcreate morecollaborativeendeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A]It could be that we are evolving two communities ofsocial scientists:one that is discipline-oriented andpublishing in highly specialized journals,and one thatis problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such aspolicy briefs.[B]However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globallyincluded one of these Keywords.[C]the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, includinghealthand demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear,efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, andwhat it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovationought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E]These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all requirebehavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development .Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumptionpatterns and promoting tax acceptance as it isabout developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tacklesuch problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop aspecific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it withincross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and thehumanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-includinggovernment, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: theneed for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all theirdiversi ty of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyondthat ofdecoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midstof turbulence, a “stillpoint of the turningworld,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacredplace of peace,however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking,as it is for theseunlikel y gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a stateof mind madepossibl e by thestructuringof one ’ relations to one ’environments. (48) The gardens ofthehomeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urbanenvironment where it either didn t exist’ or was not discernible as such. In sodoing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in whichthey take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. Whenwe are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into ademoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions,until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if bymagic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation ofplants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attemptsto call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water,and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. Ondisplay here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level,seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference tonature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “ liberated sense,”to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearningfor contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms. Section IVWritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college , inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the detailsyou think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign yourown name at the end of the e-mail , Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)。

2013年考研英语试题及答案解析

2013年考研英语（一）试题及答案解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managen t Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cli ne’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year about 64 items per person and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。

2013年考研英语真题答案及解析

看，说“这个等级考虑了几种因素……”，是对上文评级的进一步解释，也没有问题。
15.[A] instead 代替，反而 [B] then 那么，然后 [C] ever 曾经，究竟
[D] rather 宁可，宁愿
【答案】B
【考点】上下文逻辑衔接
【解析】还是承接上文讲到的评级得分，后半句讲到的是（平时学校等级）考试得分，再结合中间 conjunction
有偏见。”首先注意到空前面有定冠词 the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。而大局，大环境的
表达，此处选择 picture 是最贴切的。A 选项 issue 问题，B 选项 vision 想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选 C。
4.[A] Above all 首先 [B] On average 平均，通常 [C] In principle 大体上，原则上 [D] For example 例如
Simonsohn 指出，这种优势有可能是劣势。他认为不考虑外界因素容易受片面信息影响，无法做出客观判断，
并通过法官判案这个例子来支撑这一观点。第二段 Dr. Simonsohn 进一步通过大学招生程序，来验证自己的观
点。针对当前面试者不受其他面试者影响这一观点，提出怀疑。第三段具体介绍了面试过程的安排。第四段
[D] promote 促进
【答案】A
【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析
【解析】首先注意到 idea 前面有指示代词 this，很明显指代上文提出的观点。而且跟上文以法官为例一样，下
文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证，目的是对上文的观点进行检验，而不是 A 选项“促
进”，B 选项“强调”或 C 选项“分享”，故答案选 D。
[C] chosen 精选的 [D] identified 经鉴定的

2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译

2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译注释：本文为书评，即对于某本畅销书的内容的评价，书评是考研外语中常见的一类文章，几乎每年都有，不过指望能得出什么固定模式是不可能的，因为你无法预测到底哪本书或者哪类书能上榜，更无法断定写这个评论的会是谁。

该书为伊丽莎白席琳所著《时尚》，批评美国人（其实不光是美国，稍微有点钱的都这个德行）疯狂购买时尚服装，全然不管这些衣服到底能穿几次，更遑论环保和可持续发展。

说实话，翻译本文时，我总想起一句很经典的话，女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。

普利斯特里宣称，这蠢丫头的衣服竟然是深蓝色的，这种款式（sweater，美式俚语中指紧身上衣）早就扔到箱子底了（from fashion shows to department stores and to thebargain bin，直译为从时装展销到百货商店到地摊，即一落千丈之意）。

2013年考研英语1真题答案及解析

2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。

To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 。

2013英语一阅读4译文

2013英语一阅读4译文Passage 4。

Over the past decade, the United States has experienced a significant increase in the number of foreign-born residents. In 2013, an estimated 41.3 million immigrants lived in the United States, accounting for 13.3% of thetotal population. This influx of immigrants has had a profound impact on American society, both positive and negative.On the positive side, immigrants have brought a wealthof new ideas and perspectives to the United States. They have helped to create a more diverse and vibrant culture, and they have contributed to the country's economic success. Immigrants are more likely than native-born Americans to start businesses, and they are often willing to work inlow-wage jobs that many Americans are unwilling to do.However, there are also some negative aspects to theincrease in immigration. Some native-born Americans fear that immigrants are taking jobs away from them and driving down wages. Others worry that immigrants are not assimilating into American culture and are creating social divisions.Despite these concerns, there is no doubt that immigrants have made a significant contribution to the United States. They have helped to make the country a more prosperous and diverse nation.Summary.The United States has experienced a significant increase in immigration over the past decade. This influx has had both positive and negative impacts on American society. Immigrants have brought new ideas and perspectives to the United States, helped to create a more diverse culture, and contributed to the country's economic success. However, there are also some concerns about the impact of immigration on jobs and social cohesion. Despite theseconcerns, there is no doubt that immigrants have made a significant contribution to the United States.。

2013年考研英语_阅读理解一

2013Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.(film 电影；version 版本；译本；倒转术；devil 魔鬼；折磨；prada 普拉达(奢侈品品牌)；scold 责骂；叱责；unattractive 不吸引人注意的；assistant 助手；辅助的) 2006电影版的《时尚女魔头》中，Meryl Streep所饰演的Miranda Priestly在斥责其平凡乏味的助手，原因是她认为高级时尚与己无关。

Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.(descend 下降；遗传；下去；bargain 交易；契约；讨价还价；bin 箱子；容器；garment 衣服；服装；外表；外观)Priestly解释了助手身上毛衫的深蓝色多年来是如何从时装展屈尊至百货店，再沦落到打折区的，而这个可怜女孩儿身上的衣服无疑掏自最后一站。

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.(conception 怀孕；概念；设想；开始；odds 几率；胜算；不平等；差别；odd 奇怪；怪人；奇数的；剩余的；feverish 发热的；极度兴奋的；describe 描述；形容；描绘；indictment 起诉书；控告)“时尚业乃自上而下”这一观念早已过时，或者说和《着装过度》一书（Cline历时三年方完成的对“快时尚”的控诉）所描绘的狂热世界完全相悖。

考研英语一真题手译阅读2013-Text3

You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
3- But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years — so why shouldn’t we?
As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
5- Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.
The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.

2013年考研英语一text3原文

2013年考研英语一text3原文1. 文章标题：2013年考研英语一text3原文阅读与解析2. 原文内容：(1) Cemeteries are fields of learning as well as places of grief. The ancestors of birds Ivery sparrow and tree swallows—were chased, in the 19th century, by collectors who filled museums with their skins.The lesson was widely learned, and sparrow numhers declined. But tree swallows increased wildly, from Alaska to Mexico.(2) Biologists are squeezing these facts for clues to restoring American landscapes. Conditions that were good f rom 1920 to 19^0 for the swallows (open land) and bad f rom 1970 to 1980 (less open land, disrupted by suburban house lots) offered sharp answers to the birds' questions: ''WIiich is the right landscape for r本人sing tree swallows/'' These birds, like salmon and hawks and sugar maples, navigate their thrilling yearly odysseys without any world map. They are born, and their untried br本人ns also need answers as sharply put as the landscape's. It will take politically controversial decisions to putback these landscapes.Since the mid-1970s, there has been a 50 percent decline in the acreage of Connecticut covered by three or more acres of open space.(3) Environmentalists talk abacit "reconnecting fragments,' building ersatz wetlands for lost ones, dikes, berms, elevated highways, underpasses. However, there have been only halting attempts to acquire what used to be called wildland, to intervene with a rip-roarins, edge of an oldfashioned mop.(4) To reintroduce the sparrow, we must reintroduce words. Today the popular w ord is •fragmentation, probably more powerful than •extinction. In Rockefeller Parkpreserve, land was wrested from developers, largely in order to protect trees. Trees, nOw, oust the tree swallows from the landscape,- hut from where else could the increase of swallows begin'l' It is a bitter, splendid,mon and essential enigma: To protect big little creatures we need both a poetry of spirit and a poetry of resource In the d本人ly life of the spirit, we are unconscious of important encounters Unlike animals, every waking hour is inessential.(5) To some, the physicist Kawoffski's philosophical assumptionpresses the whole story of particle physics, which is also flic whole story of immor tant territory protection. As Kaku and I from each other in every way, but philosophy, I can wrest from him on the lightness of a sparrow. Kaku's theory resolves coherence with the startling simplicity of discovery. Nonetheless, many make the silliest mistake of supposing that theory always resolves conflict with synthesis. We may never brill( flic LlW1 (ileged state of one ness of MIIotherNature.3. 解析：(1) 本段通过介绍鸟类的生存状况，指出了一些传统的“风景”（如开阔的土地）对于特定的鸟类来说是非常重要的。

2013考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2013 Text 1Paragraph 11、In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn`t affect her. 2006年的一部电影《穿普拉达的女王》有段情节这样演绎：Meryl Streepb扮演的Miranda Priestly，斥责她毫无吸引力的助手，因为她反映高端时尚并不能感染她.1.1 version英/'vɜːʃ(ə)n/ 美/'vɝʒn/n. 版本；译文；倒转术1.2 devil英/'dev(ə)l/ 美/'dɛvl/n. 魔鬼；撒旦；家伙；恶棍vt. 折磨1.3 scold英/skəʊld/ 美/skold/n. 责骂；爱责骂的人vt. 骂；责骂vi. 责骂；叱责1.4 assistant英/ə'sɪst(ə)nt/ 美/ə'sɪstənt/n. 助手，助理，助教adj. 辅助的，助理的；有帮助的2、Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant`s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. 然后Priestly说明了助手毛衫的深蓝色是如何从时尚展览中慢慢伸展到百货商店再到平价店中，毫无疑问是这个可怜女孩挑选了这件衣服的地方。

2.1 descend英/dɪ'send/ 美/dɪ'sɛnd/vi. 下降；下去；下来；遗传；屈尊vt. 下去；沿…向下2.2 bargain英/ˈbɑːɡɪn/ 美/ˈbɑrɡɪn/n. 交易；便宜货；契约v. 讨价还价；议价；(谈价钱后)卖2.3 bin英/bɪn/ 美/bɪn/n. 箱子，容器；二进制vt. 把…放入箱中2.4 garment英/'gɑːm(ə)nt/ 美/'gɑrmənt/n. 衣服，服装；外表，外观vt. 给…穿衣服Paragraph 21、This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn`t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline`s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. 时尚业管理严密的理念已经非常过时了，或与Elizabeth Cline对“快餐时尚”的这三年的控诉书《过度装扮》中所描述的狂热不一致。

13年考研英语一翻译及大小作文

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）翻译来源：万学教育发布时间：2013-01-05 17:36:55【阅读： 288次】2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)mostof us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A46. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)。

2013年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译

2013年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故整理组Text 1在2006年电影版的《时尚女魔头》中，梅丽尔·斯特里普扮演的米兰达·普雷斯丽责备她其貌不扬的女助手，因为她认为高端时尚并不能影响到自己。

普雷斯丽说明了她助手的深蓝色毛衣如何在数年间从时尚秀场降到百货商店，又沦为便宜货。

毫无疑问，这个贫穷的女孩肯定就是从便宜货里淘的衣服。

这种自上而下的时尚商业观早已过时了，也和伊丽莎白·克莱因在《过度穿着》中描写的狂热世界不一致。

《过度穿着》是伊丽莎白·克莱因花了三年时间写成的对“快时尚”的控诉作品。

在过去十年左右的时间，技术的进步已经使得诸如Zara、H&M、优衣库之类的大众市场品牌能够对流行趋势反应得更快，并能更准确的预料到消费者的需求。

更快的转变意味着更少的存货浪费、更频繁的发布新品、更高的利润。

这些品牌鼓励对时尚敏感的消费者把衣服当成是一次性用品——洗过一两次后就不再穿了，尽管他们没在广告上明说——然后每几周就更新衣橱。

克莱因说，这些品牌通过以极其低廉的价格销售时髦的商品，已经把持了时尚的周期，动摇了一个习惯以季节为周期的产业。

当然，这场变革的受害者，不仅仅是设计师们。

为了能在其全世界2300多家商店里以5.95美元的价格出售超短裙，H&M必须依赖低工资的海外劳动力、大批量采购原材料导致严重危害自然资源、并大量使用有害的化学物质。

《过度穿着》就仿佛是时尚界交给像迈克尔·波伦的《杂食者的困境》一样的消费者维权畅销书的答案。

“大批量生产的服装，就好像快餐一样，充满着渴望和需求，却既不耐用也不经济”，克莱因说到。

她发现，美国人每年要买大约200亿件服装——平均每人64件——无论他们捐赠多少，这种无节制的购买行为都导致浪费。

在《过度穿着》的结尾，克莱因介绍了她的理想典范，一个叫萨拉·凯特·博蒙特的布鲁克林女人，她从2008年起就自己做所有的衣服，而且做得相当漂亮。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that make judgments which are unbiased by speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 5 of appearing too soft 6 2 1 the ability to factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn was leading decision-makers to be biased 4 , he theorized that a judge 7by the daily samples of information they were working withcrime might be more likely to send someone to prisonhe had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇。

To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 10 12 11 . 14 numerous 9 ofan applicant should not depend on the few others He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews interviewers had 13 factors into consideration. The scores were 16 15randomly for interview during the by 31 admissions officers. Thesame day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth wasapplicants on a scale of one to five. This scaleused in conjunction with an applicant’sscore on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆。

2013年考研英语(一)、(二)真题、答案及解析[完整版]

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgment which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorized that a judges 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviews had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five .This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or herDr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.1.[A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]moment4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless6.[A]in [B]on [C]to [D]for7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless8.[A]promote [B]emphasize [C]share [D]test9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success10.[A]chosen [B]studied [C]found [D]identified11. [A]exceptional [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise12. [A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured13. [A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged14. [A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took15. [A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather16. [A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced17. [A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below18. [A]jump [B]flat [C]drop [D]fluctuate19. [A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard20. [A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposal— meant to last only a wash or two, alth ough they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ______.[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion[C] obsession with high fashion [D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ______.[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ______.[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to ______.[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ______.[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of ______.[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ______.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are ______.[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ______.[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote，the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Construction, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset. The balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v United States ，the majority overturned three of the four contested provision of Arizena’s controversial plan plan to have states and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Construction principles that Washington alone has power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede states laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state polices that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthory Kennedy，joined by Chief Justice John Robrts and the Court’s liberals，ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. on the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However，the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement .That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities ,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter .In effect, the White House claimed that it claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. The provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______.[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[B]disturbed the power balance between different states[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[B]States’ independence from federal immigration law[C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ______.[A]violated the Constitution [B]undermined the states’ interests[C]supported the federal statute [D]stood in favor of the states39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement ______.[A] Outweighs that held by the states [B] Is dependent on the states’ support[C] Is established by federal statutes [D] Rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a millionprofessional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)__________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)__________This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004, (43)__________ When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)__________ this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) __________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem- oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which isa distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New Y ork City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. ADCAB 6-10. BADDA 11-15. DCBDB 16-20. CACBCSection II Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. BDADC 26-30. BDCAD 31-35. BADCC 36-40. CCDAD Part B (10 points) 41-45. EFBGCSection ⅢTranslation (10 points)46. 然而，当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。

2013考研英语(一)翻译真题及解析

2013考研英语（一）翻译真题及解析--中域教育网46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.解析考察重点：非谓语动词做后置定语，状语从句，插入语这个句子结构非常清晰：it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles,these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.是主句，其中for all their diversity of styles是插入语。

时间壮语从句yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless,提前至主句之前，其中created by the homeless 是过去分词短语充当后置定语，用来修饰the gardens。

词汇的识别：句子中的动词looks at，对应的宾语是the photographs of the gardens,因此翻译成“观看”。

句子中created by the homeless对应的宾语是the gardens,因此翻译成“创建、建立”。

句子中的动词speak of对应的宾语是various other fundamental urges，因此翻译成“透露、显示、表明”。

2013年考研外语阅读理解全文翻译

说实话，翻译本文时，我总想起一句很经典的话，女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。

In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to seeclothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertisethat——and to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheapprices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.装变成了商标的附属品，换言之，顶多洗两次就扔，无论时装厂商怎么 The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M tooffer a $ 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain naturalresources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.过程中会产生大量有害化学物质，频繁更新还会造成自然资源的浪费。

2013年考研英语阅读理解测试题及答案解析一

GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHT By almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults. So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team. "I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased," says Pfingst. "I consider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail." Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5,000. Then there's the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D.A. will have indicted his shop. But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingst's team considers convictions before 1993, when the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has been released. Of the 560 remaining files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence. They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop of saliva on the victim's shirt--too small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits. By Amanda Ripley ez ncisco sijevic rtwell; Lisa McLaughlin; Joseph Pierro; Josh Tyrangiel and Sora Song 1.How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project? [A]By getting rid of his bias against the suspects. [B]By revisiting the past victories. [C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools. [D]By his cooperation with his attorneys. 2.Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project? [A]To help correct the wrong judgments. [B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors. [C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation. [D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients. 3.The expression “flabbergasted”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _______. [A]excited [B]competent [C]embarrassed [D]astounded 4.Why was Pfingst an unsentimental prosecutor? [A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect. [B]He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail. [C]He supported the controversial California law. [D]He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen. 5.Which of the following is not true according to the text? [A]Pfingst’s move didn’t have a great coverage. [B] Pfingst’s move had both the positive and negative effect. [C] Pfingst’s move didn’t work well. [D]Pfingst’s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners. 篇章剖析本⽂采⽤的是记叙⽂的模式。

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1.1 top-down英/,tɒp'daʊn/ 美/,tɑp'daʊn/adj. [计] 自顶向下；组织管理严密的1.2 odds英/ɒdz/ 美/ɑdz/n. 几率；胜算；不平等；差别at odds with与…争执，意见不一致；与…不和；差异1.3 feverish英/'fiːv(ə)rɪʃ/ 美/'fivərɪʃ/adj. 发热的；极度兴奋的1.4 indictment英/ɪn'daɪtm(ə)nt/ 美/ɪn'daɪtmənt/n. 起诉书；控告2、In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. 在过去的十几年里，技术的发展使得像Zara，H&M，Uniqlo等的一些大众市场商标更快地对趋势做出反应，更精确的抢占市场需求。

2.1 anticipate英/æn'tɪsɪpeɪt/ 美/æn'tɪsə'pet/vt. 预期，期望；占先，抢先；提前使用3、Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don`t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. 更快地周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的发布，更高的利润。

这些商标煽动那些关心样式的消费者把衣服当做只洗一到两次的一次性物品，而且，他们不做广告，并每隔几周就全部更新店面的衣服。

3.1 inventory英/'ɪnv(ə)nt(ə)rɪ/ 美/'ɪnvəntɔri/n. 存货，存货清单；详细目录；财产清册3.2 disposal英/dɪ'spəʊz(ə)l/ 美/dɪ'spozl/n. 处理；支配；清理；安排3.3 wardrobe英/'wɔːdrəʊb/ 美/ˈwɔrdˌrob/n. 衣柜；行头；全部戏装4、By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. Cline认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供潮流商品的这种行为是在抢劫时尚圈，动摇了这个产业长久以来惯有的季节性。

4.1 dirt英/dɜːt/ 美/dɝt/n. 污垢，泥土；灰尘，尘土；下流话dirt-cheap英/'də:t'tʃi:p/ 美/'də:t't ʃi:p/adj. 毫无价值的；贱如粪土的；非常便宜的adv. 非常便宜地Paragraph 31、The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes thatstrain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals. 这次变革的受害者不仅仅是设计者。

对于H&M来说，为其全球2300家分店提供一个5.95美元的编制迷你裙必须依赖海外的廉价劳动力，大量的耗尽自然资源的订单，大量的有害化学品。

1.1 victim英/'vɪktɪm/ 美/'vɪktɪm/n. 受害人；牺牲品；牺牲者1.2 knit英/nɪt/ 美/nɪt/n. 编织衣物；编织法vt. 编织；结合vi. 编织；结合；皱眉1.3 volume英/'vɒljuːm/ 美/'vɑljum/n. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册adj. 大量的vt. 把…收集成卷vi. 成团卷起Paragraph 41、Overdressed is the fashion world`s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan`s The Omnivore`s Dilemma. 《过度装扮》是时尚界对像Michael Pollan的The Omnivore`s Dilemma这样的消费者权益维护者的畅销书的回答。

2、Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste. “大量生产的衣物就像快餐，满足饥饿和需求，还是一次性的，浪费的，”Cline认为。

她还发现，美国人一年大概要买200亿件衣物-平均每人64件一年-不论他们是花费了多少钱，这种不节制导致极大的浪费。

2.1 durable英/'djʊərəb(ə)l/ 美/'dʊrəbl/n. 耐用品adj. 耐用的，持久的2.2 roughly英/'rʌflɪ/ 美/'rʌfli/adv. 粗糙地；概略地2.3 excess英/ɪk'ses; ek-; 'ekses/ 美/'ɛk'sɛs/n. 超过，超额；过度，过量；无节制adj. 额外的，过量的；附加的Paragraph 51、Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. 在《过度装扮》的最后部分, Cline 介绍的她理想的典范, 一个布鲁克林的女人Sarah Kate Beaumont, 从2008年开始自己制作自己所有的衣物,并且毫不逊色。

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