初中英语动词不定式的基本用法

动词不定式(the infinitive )的基本用法

动词不定式

1. 基本构成：to+动词原形，其否定形式是“not/never to dOnot do ”.

2. 基本用法：不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。

一、不定式的句法功能

1•作主语

eg: It ' s very com mon to raise money in Can adia n and America n school.

不定式做主语时，常用代词it来代替不定式结构，这时it被称为形式主语，而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置，往往放v.和adj.之后。

e.g. To lear n En glish well is not easy.

=It ' s not eafey learn English well.

★不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/fo+名词或代词宾格”构成,即：

跟踪练习

1. It ' s very nice of th _______ (send) me the flowers.

2. ________ (become) a teacher is my dream.

3. It ' s very important to learn English W同义句转换)

________________ En glish well ______ very importa nt.

4. It ' s important ____ Chinese well.

A. to lear n

B. learn

C. learni ng

D. learns

2. 作表语

eg： The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.

表语是用来表示主语的身份、状态和特征等，可与系动词构成系表结构。

eg： Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school.

My job is to clea n the streets.

跟踪练习

1. My work is _________ (clea n) the room every day.

2. His dream is ________ (be) a doctor.

3. 作宾语

eg： The driver offered to help the patient.

有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，表示命令、打算或希望等。常见的此类动词有：

agree, ask, choose, decide, want, would like, fail, help, hope, plar等。跟踪练习

1. My frie nds want _______ (book) some tickets to the movie for us.

2. My pare nts decide ______ (give) me more mon ey.

3. He pla ns ______ (go) to Beiji ng for a holiday.

4. The boy hopes ________ (pass) the En glish exam.

5. My little son is able _________ (read) some words.

6.1 ' ll try rb^st __________ (help) you.

7. She would like ________ (become) beautiful.

4. 作宾语补足语

eg： It allows people to get closer to them.

The world wide fund for n ature chose the panda to be its symbol.

动词不定式作宾语补足语，常构成的句式为：|v. + sb. /sth. + to dd。此类常见的动词有：

tell, ask, want, wish, teach, help, order, invite, get, allow, send, lead, encourage, advise, warn, bear, beg, cause, comma nd, drive, elect, expect, forbid, force, hate, inten d, leav8(下),like, mean, n eed, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, train, trouble等36 个动词。即：

ask sb. to do sth.让某人做某事；tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事；

in vite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事；help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事；

wa nt sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事；allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；...

eg： My friend invites me to come to his home.

I asked Paul to carry the box.

跟踪练习

1. Don' t ask Jim ___ (go) swimming with us, because his mother won ' t al_o(do)n3 __

2. Does you mother like you ______ a doctor?

A. being

B. to be

C. are

D. become

3. My teacher always tells me _______ (study) hard.

4. I don ' t want you ______ (help) me.

5. She ' d like me _______ (join) them.

6. I wish you _______ （have） a good time.

7. My best frie nds teach me ________ （swim）.

8. Her boyfrie nd ofte n in vites her ______ （have） dinner.

9. My mother always gets my father ________ （do） housework.

10. I order you ________ （wash） your han ds.

★在动词think, believe, know, find, understand, take等之后，作宾补的不定式多由“o be + adj.” 构成。

eg: They find the Chin ese people to be happy and cheerful

He believed the earth to be a globe

★在某些短语后也可跟不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有：wait for, call on, depe nd on, care for, long for 等。

eg: The crocodile waited for the mon key to come dow n again

The chairma n called on Mr. Brow n to speak

I should n't care for that man to be my doctor

★有些动词后接省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，即：动词不定式在使役动词（make, let，have）或感官动词（feel，listen to，hear，look at，see, watch，notice）之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。句式为：v. + sb. / sth. + do| ;其否定形式为：|v. + sb. / sth. + not /never do。

为了便于记忆，我们可以这样记：

eg： His words makes every one laugh.

His mother let him not watch TV.