常用的前缀和后缀

一、常用的前缀和后缀
1、常用前缀
aero-：concerning the air of aircraft plane—aeroplane
space—aerospace
anti-：against；opposite of nuclear—antinuclear
matter—antimatter
war—antiwar
auto-：of or by oneself biography—autobiography criticism—autocriticism
be-：to treat as the stated thing friend—befriend
little—belittle
bi-：two；twice；double
lingual—bilingual
cycle—bicycle
bio-：concerning living things chemistry—biochemistry sphere—biosphere
by-，bye-：less important
produce—by-produce
way—byway
centi-：hundredth part
grade—centigrade
meter—centimeter
co-：together，with
author—coauthor
exist—coexist
col-：( used before l ) together，with location—collocation
-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with
passion—compassion
con-：together，with
centric—concentric
federation—confederation
contra-：opposite
diction—contradiction
natural—contranatural
cor-：( used before r ) together，with
relate—correlate
respond—correspond
counter-：opposite
act—counteract
attack—counterattack
cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them country—crosscountry
breed—crossbreed
de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce
code—decode
value—devalue
dis-：not；the opposite of
advantage—disadvantage
agree—disagree
honest—dishonest
em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become
body—embody
power—empower
en-：to cause to become；to make
danger—endanger
large—enlarge
ex-：former ( and still living )
minister—ex-minister
wife—ex-wife
extra-：outside；beyond
curricular—extracurricular
ordinary—extraordinary
fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front arm—forearm
warn—forewarn
il-：( used before l ) not
legal—illegal
literate—illiterate
im-：( used before b，m，p ) not
moral—immoral
possible—impossible
in-：not
direct—indirect
sensitive—insensitive
infra-：below in a range；beyond
red—infrared
structure——infrastructure
inter-：between；among
change——interchange
national——international
intra-：inside，within；into
city——intracity
department——intra-department
ir-：（used before r）not
regular——irregular
responsible——irresponsible
kilo-：thousand
gram——kilogram
meter——kilometer
macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of
economics——macroeconomics
structure——macrostructure
mal-：bad or badly function——malfunction treat——maltreat
micro-：extremely small computer——microcomputer electronics——microelectronics
mid-：middle
day——midday
night——midnight
mini-：small；short
bus——minibus
skirt——miniskirt
mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly fortune——misfortune understand——misunderstand
mono-：one；single plane——monoplane tone——monotone
multi-：more than one；many purpose——multipurpose national——multinational
non-：not
resident——non(-)resident sense——nonsense
out-：outside；beyond
live——outlive
door——outdoor
over-：too much；above；additional head——overhead
time——overtime
poly-：many
centric——polycentric syllabic——polysyllabic
post-：later than；after
graduate——postgraduate
war——postwar
pre-：before；in advance
pay——prepay
war——prewar
pro-：in favor of，supporting
America——pro-America
abortion——pro-abortion
pseudo-：not real；false
name——pseudonym
science——pseudoscience
re-：again；back to the former state
unite——reunite
use——reuse
self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in oneself or itself
employed——self-employed
taught——self-taught
semi-：half；partly
circle——semicircle
final——semifinal
step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried mother——stepmother
children——stepchildren
sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger whole
divide——subdivide
section——subsection
super-：more，larger，greater than usual market——supermarket
natural——supernatural
tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television communication——telecommunication
screen——telescreen
therm(o)-：concerning heat chemistry——thermochemistry
meter——thermometer
trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between Atlantic—transatlantic
plant—transplant
tri-: three; three times
angular—triangular
cycle—tricycle
ultra-: beyond; very, extremely modern—ultramodern
sound—ultrasound
un-: not
certain—uncertain
fortunate—unfortunate
under-: too little; below
develop—underdevelop
sea—undersea
uni-: one, singer
form—uniform
directional—unidirectional
vice-: next in the rank; below
chairman—vice-chairman
president—vice-president
2.常用后缀
（1）名词后缀
-ability，-ibility
able—ability
flexible—flexibility
-age
post—postage
short—shortage
-al
arrive—arrival refuse—refusal
-an，-ian，-arian library—librarian music—musician
-ance，-ence appear—appearance refer—reference
-ancy，-ency emerge—emergency expect—expectancy
-ant，-ent apply—applicant correspond—correspondent -cy
accurate—accuratcy private—privacy
-dom
king—kingdom free—freedom
-ee
employ—employee interview—interviewee
-er，-or，-ar paint—painter beg—beggar
-ery
brave—bravery slave—slavery
-ese
China—Chinaese Japan—Japanese
-ess
actor—actress waiter—waitress
-ful
hand—handful spoon—spoonful
-hood
child—childhood man—manhood
-ics electron—electronics linguist—linguistics
-ion，-ition，-ation collect—collection observe—observation
-ism
Marx—Marxism socialist—socialism
-ist psychiatry—psychiatrist violin—violinist
-ity，-ty
cruel—cruelty pure—purity
-ment
move—movement retire——retirement
-ness
dark——darkness happy——happiness
-ology climate——climatology future——futurology
-ship
friend——friendship scholar——scholarship
-sion，-ssion
decide——decision expand——expansion
-th
grow——growth
wide——width
-ure
close——closure expose——exposure
(2)动词前缀
-en
deep——deepen
fast——fasten
-ify
class——classify simple——simplify
-ize，-ise
modern——modernize / modernize popular——popularize / popularize
(3)形容词后缀
-able，-ible
suit——suitable question——questionable
-al
nature——natural structure——structural
-an，-arian，-ian suburb——suburban Canada——Canadian
-ant，-ent
differ——different please——pleasant
-ary，-ory advise——advisory custom——customary
-ate consider——considerate fortune——fortunate
-en
gold——golden wood——wooden
-ese
China——Chinese Japan——Japanese
-free
care——carefree duty——duty-free
-ful
care——careful pain——painful
-ic，-ical
atom——atomic psychology——psychological
-ish
girl——girlish child——childish
-ive
create——creative support——supportive
-less
hope——hopeless pain——painless
-like
child——childlike lady——ladylike
-ly
man——manly
month——monthly
-ous，-ious
danger——dangerous
poison——poisonous
-some
tire——tiresome
trouble——troublesome
-ward
down——downward
up——upward
-y
guilt-guilty
noise-noisy
(4)副词后缀
-ly
easy-easily
heavy-heavily
-ward，-wards
east-eastward(s)
north-northward(s)
-wise
clock-clockwise
other-otherwise
/english/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=53321
前缀
1, a-
1) 加在单词或词根前面，表示“不，无，非”。

acentric； amoral；
2) 加在单词前，表示“在，的”
asleep； aside
2, ab-, abs- 加在词根前，表示“相反，变坏，离去”
abnormal,； abuse
3, ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前，表示“一再”等加强
accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract 4, ad-加在单词或词根前，表示“做，加强”。

adapt, adopt, adjoin, adjust, adventure 5, amphi- “两个，两种”。

amphibian
6, an-在词根前，表示“不，无”。

anonymous, anarchism
7, ana-表示“错误，在旁边，分开”
analogy, analysis
8, ante-表示“前面，先”
antedate, anterior, antecedent
9, anti-表示“反对，相反”
antiwar, antitank, antibody
10, apo- 表示“离开，远离”
apogee
11, auto-“自动，自己”
automobile, automatic, autograph
12, be-
1）构成动词，表示“使成为”
befall, befriend, behold
2）构成介词
beside, behind, below, before, beneath 13, bene-“善，好”
benefaction, benediction, beneficent
14, bi-表示“两个”
biweekly, bilingual, biennial,
15, by-“在旁边，副的”
byroad, byway, bywork
16, circum-“环绕，周围”
17, co-表示“共同”，通常方在元音词根前。

Coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide 18, col-, cor-在同辅音词根前，表示“共同”。

collapse, colleague, collect
19, -, con- “共同”
combine, compassion, commotion,
20,contra-表示“反对，相反”
contrary, contradict, contravene,
21,counter-表示“反对，相反”
counteract, counterbalance,
22,de-
表示“去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下”等destruction, demobilize. desalt
表示“使…成为，加强”等
23.di-
表示“两个，双”
dichromatic, dioxide
表示“使…变成，分开，离开”
digest
24,dia- 表示“穿过，二者之间”
dialogue, diameter
25,dif- 和辅音重复表示“不，否定，分开”differ, difference, diffident
26,dis-
表示“不，消失掉”
dislike, disorder, dishonest
表示“分开，分离”
dispart, disseminate, dispense
27，dys-表示“坏，不良”
dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunction
28,e-,ef- 表示“出，出来”
evaluate, elongate, elaborate
29,em-,en-
表示“进入…之中，包围”
embrace, embed, empathy
表示“使…进入状态”
empower, embitter, embody
30,epi-表示“在…上，在…周围，在…后面”epidermal, epidemic, epigram
31,eu-表示“好，优秀”
eulogize, euphemism, euphonious
32,ex-
表示“出，出去”
export, exclude, expel
表示“前面的，前任的”
ex-wife, ex-president,
33,exo-表示“外部的，外面”
exogamy, exotic
34,extra-表示“以外的，超过的”extracurriculum, extraordinary,
35,fore-表示“前面，预先”
foresee, forehead, forestall
36,hetero-表示“异类，异种”heterosexual, heterodoxy,
37,homo-表示“同类的”
homogeneous, homonym
38,hyper-表示“超过，太多”
hyperactive, hypersensitive,
39,hypo-表示“下面，次等”hypodermic, hypocrisy, hypocrite
40,il-, ir-
放在同辅音词根前表示“不，无”
illegal, illiterate, illogical,
表示“使…成为，进入”
illustrate, illuminate, illusion, 41,im-,in-
表示“不，无，非”
impossible, immoral, impolite,
表示“向，进入”
import, imprison, immigrate
42,inter-表示“在…之间，相互”international, interpersonal,
43,intro-表示“向，入”
introduce, introspect, introvert
44,macro-表示“宏伟，大”
macroworld, macrostructure,
45,mal-表示“坏，恶”（亦作male）malcontent, malpractice ,malnutrition 46,micro-表示“微，小”。