直译意译归化异化翻译练习
常见习语(直译意译归化异化)
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直译法1. as easy as turning over one's hand 易如反掌2. The monk may run away, but the temple can't run with him. 跑了和尚跑不了庙。
3. Only fools catch flies on a tiger's head. 老虎头上扑苍蝇。
4. Crows through out the world are black. 天下乌鸦一般黑。
5. The drinker's aim is not in wine. 醉翁之意不在酒。
6. As long as the green mountains are there, one shouldn't worry about firewood. 留得青山在,不愁没柴烧。
7. A year's planning is in spring. 一年之计在于春。
8. One is like a toad trying to swallow a swan. 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉。
9. burn the boat 自绝退路,破釜沉舟10. show the cloven hoof 露出原形11. hang by a hair 千钧一发12. fish in troubled water 混水摸鱼13. kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵14. neither fish nor flesh 非驴非马15. fish in the air 白费力气16. a drop in the ocean 沧海一粟17. laugh off one's head 笑破肚皮18. lay heads together 集思广益19. now sth. like the back of one's hand 对某事了如指掌20. have an axe to grind 别有用心21. acid rain 酸雨22. blind zone 盲区23. chain store 连锁店24. cold war 冷战25. hot line 热线26. hot-selling books 热销书27. black market 黑市28. crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪29. a laughing stock 笑柄30. pour oil on fire 火上浇油31. fish in troubled waters 混水摸鱼32. pillar industry 支柱产业33. chain reaction 连锁反应34. special economic zone 一国两制35. green food 绿色食品36. supermarket 超级市场意译法1. wake a sleeping dog 招惹是非2. as easy as falling off a log 极容易3. cast pearls before swine 对牛弹琴;白费好意4. help a lame dog over a stile 雪中送炭5. paint the lily 画蛇添足6. as poor as Job 家贫如洗7. a fly in the ointment 美中不足之处8. reap what one has sown 自食其果9. carry coals to Newcastle 多此一举;徒劳无功10. be all thumbs笨手笨脚11. eat no fish 忠诚12. as close as an oyster 守口如瓶13. let the cat out of the bag 漏出马脚14. love me, love my dog 爱屋及乌15. a flash in the pan 昙花一现16. to cry up wine and sell vinegar 挂羊头卖狗肉17. penny wise and pound foolish 捡了芝麻,丢了西瓜18. be no spring chicken 不再年轻19. that pathetic excuse for a human being 下三滥20. justice has long arms 天网恢恢,疏而不漏21.bull's eye 靶心22.dog house 高频高压电源屏幕罩23.cold wave 寒潮24.a black sheep 黑马25.black coffee 不加牛奶的咖啡26.a white lie 善意的谎言27.a baby kisser 政客28.Chinese dragon 麒麟29.China policy 对华政策30. money mad 向钱看31. cash crops 经济作物32. to look on with folded arms 袖手旁观33. all corners of the country 五湖四海34. to take advantage of every weakness 无孔不入归化法1. spring up like mushrooms 雨后春笋2. every dog has his day 凡人皆有得意日3. to keep one's head above water 奋力图存4. To live a dog's life 过着牛马不如的日子5. as poor as church mouse 穷的像叫花子6. A Jian Libao a day keeps the doctor away 要想体力好,常饮健力宝7. lucky dog只能译为“幸运儿”8. kill two birds with one stone 译为“一石二鸟”9. Good to the last drop.滴滴香浓,意犹未尽。
直译与意译,归化与异化
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直译与意译,归化与异化中国汉唐时期的“文”与“质”之争(实际上是意译与直译之争)主张“文”的翻译家强调翻译的修辞和通顺强调译文的可读性(意译);主张“质”的翻译家则强调翻译的不增不减,强调翻译的忠实性(直译,甚至是硬译)。
两者都有片面性。
literal translation, generally speaking, means “not to alter the original words and sentences”; strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.It takes sentences as its basic units and takes the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation.Furthermore, it strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figures of speech.Free translation, also called liberal translation, is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figure of speech. This approach is most frequently adopted when it is really impossible to translate the original literally. 直译与意译直译:literal translation;意译:free translation 直译的例子:crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿; chain reaction 连锁反应;gentlemen’s agreement 君子协定 one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought三教九流; paper tiger 纸老虎;Breathe one’s last 断气; go to one’s external rest 安息; the long sleep 长眠; see Marx 见马克思; go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂;blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡; kick the bucket 蹬腿You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket直译不等于死译(dead translation): 街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生。
异化归化练习
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请用(1)归化法(2)异化法(3)异化和归化并用法翻译下列句子。
(每句限定用其中一种方法,并注明是用什么方法翻译的)(10分)1.Many Canadians have never read a newspaper though some newspapers are free,because they do not know their ABC.2.At home and abroad there is a strong dissenting view that sees the treaty as a new Munich.3. The government's policy has given a green light to the development of oureconomy.4. All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one dayyou’ll come out on top.5. Each of us has his carrot and stick in my case, the stick is my slackeningphysical condition, which keeps me from beating opponents at tennis whom Ioverwhelmed two years ago.6. This was her punishment for having made a mistake. She had made her bed, andshe must lie on it.7. As I remained in the Third Fourth three times as long as anyone else, I had threetimes as much of it. I learned it thoroughly. Thus I got into my bones the essential structure of the ordinary English sentence---which is a noble thing.1. I never know whether my boss likes my work or not —— he is a real poker face!"2. Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.3. The prime minister's remarks were interpreted as an olive branch held out to all his opponents who had fled the country.4. By the winter of 1942, their resistance to the Nazi terror had become only a shadow.5. The trackers pull with all their strength, like men possessed, bent double.6. The desperate courtiers were unanimous: the flag must go up. But the Windsors hadn‘t yet sensed which way the wind was blowing.7. Tess Durbeyfield at this time of her life was a mere vessel of emotion untinctured by experience.8.He has fished in Manhattan’s wallet and dug out coins.。
翻译
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Literal translation, Free translation •1)Literal translation直译,异化法•Free translation 意译, 归化法•英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷同和差异,翻译时有时用直译,有时用意译。
•直译(Literal translation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法.•直译把忠于原文内容放在第一位,把忠于原文形式放在第二位,要求在保持原文内容的前提下,力求使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。
•直译把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。
•注意•1) A qualified translation must be not only faithful in thought but smooth in language, which is a basic demand of a translator.•2) Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation, and it is impossible for one to translate every sentence or a whole text word-for-word.•3) Some readers mistake dead translation for literal translation, it’s a great confusion.1) 尽可能忠实履行翻译职责,避免越权,把解读留给读者。
例如:“as timid as a hare”与“胆小如鼠”的意思是不完全吻合的,不能简单猎取现成的中文成语加以对应。
“胆小如鼠”在中文里是个贬义词,带有蔑视“懦夫”的涵义,比较接近英文里的“coward”。
而英文里的“timid”和“hare”都没有那么强的贬义;timid只是一种带有羞怯或腼腆涵义的“胆小”,而hare并不像老鼠那么令人讨厌,所以不宜译成“胆小如鼠”。
翻译课件3 归化异化 补充
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Translation Methods ---- Literal and Free Translation
Example 1: I talked to him with brutal frankness. (1)我同他谈话用粗暴的坦率。(逐词翻译) (2)我同他谈话时,使用了令人不快的真诚的语言。
Spring Spring,the sweet Spring,is the year's pleasant king,
春 春,飘香的春,一年中欢乐的帝王; 看百花怒放,少女环舞, 春寒不袭人,小鸟展喉高唱。 咕咕,咯咯,啾啾,哥哥插秧! 棕榈和山楂,为农舍梳妆, 羊羔嬉闹奔跑,牧笛终日悠扬 百鸟齐鸣,歌声谐婉四处飘荡, 咕咕,咯咯,啾啾,哥哥插秧! 四野四围飘香,邹菊亲吻脚掌,
surprise because he is still around, excitement because he didn’t even forget me.
我读到他的信时即惊又喜, 惊的是他还健在, 喜的是 他一直没有忘记我。
Free Translation
极端紧急 1) extremely urgent 2) underestimate one’s capabilities 低估自己的能力 犯同样的错误 3) commit the same error 充满自负 4) full of conceit 失去一个好机会 5) miss a good chance 一道受苦的人 6) fellow sufferers 7) make a superficial change 只作表面的改变 8) The dishes from Chinese cuisine are meant to be both visually appealing and flavorous.
归化与异化翻译实例
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翻译作业10 Nov 15 一、请按归化法(Domes ca on)翻译下列习语。
Kill two birds with one stone a wolf in sheep’s clothingstrike while the iron is hot. go through fire and water add fuel to the flames / pour oil on the flames spring up like mushrooms every dog has his day keep one’s head above water live a dog’s life as poor as a church mouse a lucky dog an ass in a lion’s skin a wolf in sheep’s clothingLove me, love my dog. a lion in the way lick one’s boots as mid as a hare at a stone’s throw as stupid as a goose wet like a drown rat as dumb as an oyster lead a dog’s life talk horse One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, and three boys nobody. Man proposes, God disposes. to praise; extol: to cry up one's profession)cry up, t o praise; extol: Cry up wine and sell vinegar (Once bi en, twice shy. An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.New booms sweep clean. take French leave seek a hare in a hen’s nesthave an old head on young shoulder Jus ce has long arms You can’t teach an old dogRome was not built in a day. He that lives with cripples learns to limp. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.The more you get, the more you want. 二、请按异化法(foreigniza on)翻译下列习语。
翻译中的归化和异化实例
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My old friend Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in English and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer it rained continuously and it was often bitterly cold.
谁知不久他就开始抱怨起天气来此时虽说是夏天但也阴雨绵绵寒气逼人
阿Q没有家,(他)住在本庄的土谷祠 里;(他)也没有固定的职业,只给 人家做短工,(人家叫他)割麦(他) 便割麦,(人家叫 他)舂米(他)便 舂米,(人家叫他)撑船(他)便撑 船。(鲁迅《阿Q正传》) Ah Q had no family but lived in the Tutelary God’s temple at Weichuang. He had no regular work either, simply doing odd jobs for others. He would cut wheat if he was asked to. If they asked him to grind rice or put a boat he would also do for them.
汉英翻译练习作业
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汉英翻译练习作业-标准化文件发布号:(9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII单句类1. 直译与意译 (literal translation vs. free/liberal translation)1.怕什么呢?死了张屠夫,还有李屠夫,人多得很。
2.这事就败在你手里了。
3.不料半路杀出一个程咬金。
4.她不分青红皂白,乱交朋友。
5.爸爸,感谢您对我们的爱,您的辛勤工作让我和妈妈衣食无忧。
6.约翰为人可靠。
他既忠实又正直。
7.管它三七二十一,先吃个饱再说。
8.我对他简直佩服得五体投地。
9.他吓得屁滚尿流。
10.你让我倒了八辈子霉。
11.她生长在富贵之家。
12.她怕碰一鼻子灰,话到了嘴边,又把它吞了下去。
13.他吃了大败仗。
14.人生有苦也有甜。
15.酒逢知己千杯少,话不投机半句多。
16.他是“外甥打灯笼——照舅(照旧)”。
17.这项研究发现,青年妇女由于抽烟和缺乏运动,将大大缩短自己的寿命。
18.露丝一刻不得消停,弄得别的孩子很无语,我就把她撵了出去。
19.我妹妹又去减肥中心了。
20.江山易改,本性难移。
2. 省词法 (omission)1.他在我不知道的情况下私自拿走了那东西。
2.此新产品耐寒、耐旱、适合在北方生长。
3.大家都必须杜绝在工作中的浪费现象。
4.这些问题就是他提出的关于保护稀有动物的问题。
5.台湾海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞,手足兄弟。
6.如果你觉得合适就干,不合适就别干,你自个儿看着办吧。
7.他满脸皱纹,皮肤黝黑,头发灰白稀疏。
8.他吃了点东西,喝了点酒,因为他疲惫不堪了。
9.他说,“谁也不能指望他采取克制或讲道理的态度。
”10.多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。
11.他把事情一五一十地都讲给父母听了。
12.我们党结束了那个时期物价混乱的局面。
13.事发二十个小时以内,他都处于昏迷状态。
14.至今这位老将军都还记得当年邓政委请他到家作客的情形。
英汉翻译的方法——直译、意译与归化、异化
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英汉翻译的方法——直译、意译和归化、异化一.直译和意译:在谈到直译和意译时,人们常常用英文词语literal translation 和freetranslation。
此时人们关心的是语言层面的技术处理问题,即如何在保持原语形式的同时,不让其意义失真;而意译则认为语言有不同的文化内涵和表达形式,当形式成为翻译的障碍时,就要采取意译。
直译和意译之争的靶心是意义和形式的得失问题。
在中国的翻译史上,赞成直译和意译的均有人在,初期佛典翻译中的文质说,唐代玄奘的“求真”和“喻俗”,近代有严复的“信达雅”及鲁迅的“宁信而不顺”和赵景深的“宁顺而不信”等,都是从直译和意译的角度来探讨翻译的原则。
1.直译 (literal translation)英、汉语的结构有相同的一面,汉译时可照译,即直译。
直译既忠实原文内容,又符合原文的结构形式。
直译有不少优点,例如能传达原文意义,体现原文风格等。
但是,直译具有一定的局限性。
例如译文有时冗长罗唆,晦涩难懂,有时不能正确传达原文意义,有时甚至事和愿违。
Literal translation is where the forms of the original are retained as much as possible, even if those forms are not the most natural forms to preserve the original meaning. Literal translation is sometimes called word-for-word translation (as opposed to thought-for-thought translation). A more accurate, but less well-known, label for this approach is formal equivalence translation. Because literal translation focuses on forms of language, it sometimes misses some of the meaning of those forms, since meaning is found not only in the forms of individual words, but also in relationships among words, phrases, idiomatic uses of words, and influences of speaker-hearer, cultural, and historical contexts. Words often have different meanings in different contexts, but a literal translation often does not account for these differences. So literal translation often is not the most accurate form of translation.直译的五大误区:①否定句型中的直译误区英语中有一些不同的否定句型,其中有一些句型不能完全采用直译法进行翻译,否则,就会造成误译,甚至和原意背道而驰,下列几种否定句型值得注意:A. 部分否定句型,这种句型不同于汉语的思维形式。
直译、意译翻译与归化、异化
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直译、意译翻译与归化、异化1. 引言翻译是人类传递文化和知识的重要方式之一。
翻译既是一项技能,也是一门艺术。
随着世界的不断变化和发展,翻译在跨文化交流中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
在翻译过程中,翻译的种种选择和决策都会影响到最终的译文质量和传达效果。
本文将从直译、意译翻译以及归化、异化两个方面,探讨翻译中的选择与决策。
2. 直译翻译直译翻译是指在翻译过程中尽可能保持原文的结构和语言,将原文中的每一个单词和句子都翻译成对应的目标语言单词和句子。
直译翻译的优点在于可以保持原文的结构和风格,让读者更加真实地感受到作者的思路和表达方式。
但是,直译翻译的缺点也是显而易见的,由于两种语言在结构和语言习惯上存在差异,直译翻译可能会导致目标语言译文不自然、难以理解。
3. 意译翻译意译翻译是指在翻译过程中对原文的意思进行转换,而不是将原文的每一个单词和句子都翻译成目标语言。
意译翻译的优点在于可以更好地传达原文的意思,使目标语言译文更加自然、易懂。
但是,意译翻译也存在着风险,如果太过自由地进行意译,可能会失去原文的真实含义,甚至可能会引发读者的误解。
4. 归化与异化在翻译中,归化和异化是对翻译风格的两种基本取向。
归化是指让目标语言译文尽可能与本族语言的习惯和格式相符,以适应本族语言的接受习惯。
归化的优点在于可以较好地让读者理解和接受译文,但是它的缺点在于可能会失去原文的原汁原味,从而无法传达原文中的情感、风格和文化内涵。
异化则是指尽可能保留原文的风格、语言和文化特征,让目标语言读者了解和接受源文化。
异化的优点在于可以让目标语言读者真正贴近源文化,深入了解原文的风格和文化内涵。
但是异化可能会使目标语言读者感到困惑和陌生,缺乏亲切感,无法真正理解和接受译文。
5. 结论翻译是一门既复杂又有趣的艺术,在翻译过程中的选择和决策对最终的质量和传达效果有着至关重要的影响。
对于译者而言,掌握直译、意译的翻译方法,同时在归化与异化两种取向间把握分寸,是翻译成功的关键之一。
直译与意译归化与异化
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直译vs意译
Don’t take the low-fat label as a license to eat. 不能因为食品标明低脂肪,而敞开食用。 别把标有“低脂肪”的标签看成是可“敞 开食用”的许可证。
翻译练习
His affection for her soon sunk into indifference; her's lasted a little longer; and in spite of her youth and her manners, she retained all the claims to reputation which her marriage had given her. 韦翰对丽迪雅不
评述:归化vs.异化?
Curiosity enough, he prophesied with oracular accuracy to the amazement of all. 说也奇怪,他像诸葛亮一样,料事如神, 大家都惊讶不止。 “oracular” 的名词形式是“oracle”,在希 腊神话中指“神示、神启”。这个译文中 使用“诸葛亮”的人物典故太随意。 说也奇怪,他料事真准,像神启一样应验, 让所有的人都惊讶不止。
参考译文
我们到了山顶,云消雾散,只见海港在围 成半圆形的小山丛中,朦朦胧胧,煞是好 看。这一带充满着珍珠似的银灰色,宛如 仙境,无法形容,也无法描绘。空气清新 宜人。这北极地区景色之美,同传统的圣 诞节卡片适成对照,它浓淡交融,光影柔 和,清雅绝俗。
Literal Translation or Free Translation?
异化、归化举例
You’ve got to have faith up your sleeve, otherwise you won’t succeed. 你必须袖里藏有自信,否则你不会成功 (异化) 你必须有锦囊妙计,否则你不会成功(归 化) 你必须心中充满自信,否则你不会成功的 (“和而不同”)
四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧
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四种翻译方法1.直译和意译所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。
每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。
当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。
意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。
(张培基)应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。
Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used.Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章)直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。
意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时,不得不舍弃原文的字面意义,以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。
(陈宏薇)简单地说,直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法,句子结构与原句相似,但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。
意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法,另觅同意等效的表达方法,或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。
class3英汉翻译的方法直译意译归化异化复习过程
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exercises
1. A new student is kept on probation for one semester.
2. With the outbreak of the war, flights were stepped up.
• 直译:黑人依然在美国社会的角落中饱受痛 苦,并发现自己使自己国土上的流亡者。
• 意译:黑人仍然在美国社会的角落里过着痛 苦的生活;美国虽是他们的家园,而他们却 感到流落异乡。
• 直译,意译,各有千秋,译者依据功能、 审美、读者层三要素,宜直译就直译, 宜意译就意译,能神游于规矩之内,亦 能神游于规矩之外,能循规蹈矩,亦能 叛道离经,方称得上翻译的行家里手。
class3英汉翻译的方法直 译意译归化异化
▪ 直译 literal translation vs.意译free translation
▪ 归化 domestication Vs.异化 foreignization
I like the movie. 1. It‘ s a Smoke Free Area.
1. 英汉两种语言中都存在被动语态,但 汉语中表被动的词较多。如:受, 遭,叫,让
2. 英语中被动语态使用空间广阔,而汉语中 相对狭窄。主要原因在于: A.汉语句子中可以没有主语,即:无主句。 B.汉语中表被动的词可以省略。
Wrongs must be righted when they are distorted.
• 异化:民族偏离主义者;译者向 作者靠拢
Bottleneck Shed crocodile tears Armed to teeth They dare say no to the superpower
直译意义归化异化
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直译:人们关心的是语言层面的技术处理问题,即 如何在保持原语形式的同时,不让其意义失真; 意译:人们认为语言有不同的文化内涵和表达形式, 当形式成为翻译的障碍时,就要采取意译。 能直译便直译,不能直译就意译。 直译-死译 意译-乱译
直意之争:
“凡是翻译,必须兼顾两面,一当然力求其易解,一 则保持原作的丰姿。” 宁信而不顺:要输入新的表现法,所以要容忍“多 少的不顺”。 鲁迅《且介亭杂文二集 “题未定草” 》 神似论(godlikeness):以效果而论,翻译应当象临 画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。 傅雷《高老头》译序 化境论(fairy):把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文 字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕 迹,又能完全保存原作的风味,那就算得入于化境。 钱钟书 《林纾的翻译》
异化译法
crocodile tear forbidden fruit cowboy Pandora’s box honey moon soap opera A wolf in sheep’s clothing Kill two birds with one stone Armed to the teeth An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth All roads lead to Rome born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth 一国两制 纸老虎 铁饭碗 半边天 菜篮子工程
归化(domestication)
归化:人类文化具有共同的范畴,因此,两种语言 在表达上出现意象相同的内容,有的意象不同,意 义基本一致,翻译时用译入语的文化意象来取代原 文里的文化意象,或用译入语现有的词汇来翻译。 特点:归化翻译采取民族中心主义的态度,使外语 文本符合译入语言的文化价值,把原作者带入译入 语文化。 Venuti, Lawrence. 1995. The translator’s Invisibility. London: Routledge.
异化和归化练习(参考译文)
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异化和归化练习:1. But today Cupid fired another arrow at him.而今天, 丘比特的爱情之箭又射向了他.2. When I asked Jane about her problems, I didn’t know I had opened Pandora’s box.我向简询问了她的问题。
当时我不知道自己已经引祸上身。
3. He explained the beauty of the music to her but it was just casting pearls before swine.他跟她讲解那音乐的美妙之处, 但这只不过是对牛弹琴而已。
4. 有伯乐而后得千里马。
Only a headhunter like Bo Le---an ancient Chinese good at headhunting fine steeds---can discover talented people.5. 婚姻大事得两厢情愿,俗话说“强扭的瓜不甜。
”Marriage should be made by mutual consent, as an old saying goes, “A melon will not taste sweet if forcibly picked.”6. 强扭的瓜不甜。
双方的合作要建立在互谅互让,平等互利的基础之上。
Our cooperation should be based on mutual understanding and accommodation, equality and mutual benefit, for, no agreement is sound without the consent of the parties concerned.7. 常言道,巧妇难为无米之炊。
他们要完成如此艰巨的任务,得有一些必要的物质条件。
直译意译归化异化
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直译意译归化异化
哎呀呀,我一个小学生,看到“直译意译归化异化”这几个词,一开始真的是一头雾水呢!
老师在课堂上讲这些的时候,我就想,这到底是啥呀?就好像是在一个大森林里,突然出现了几条奇怪的小路,不知道该往哪边走。
比如说直译,那不就是直接把一种语言的字啊词啊,原原本本按照原来的样子翻译成另一种语言嘛。
这就好比我有一个苹果,直接告诉别人“I have an apple.”,多简单直
接啊!可是有时候,这样直接翻译过去,别人能懂吗?这可不好说哟!
再说说意译,哎呀,这就有点像画画的时候不是照着原样画,而是根据自己的理解和感受去画。
比如“人山人海”,要是直译,那可难啦,但是意译一下,变成“a sea of people”,是不是一下子就清楚多啦?
那归化和异化又是什么呢?归化就像是去别人家做客,要尽量按照别人家的习惯来做事,让别人觉得舒服。
比如把外国的一些东西翻译成咱们熟悉的说法,这样咱们理解起来就更容易啦。
而异化呢,就像是把别人家特别的东西原原本本带回来,让咱们也见识见识不一样的东西。
有一次,我和同桌讨论这些,我问他:“你说直译是不是有时候太生硬啦?”他眨眨眼睛说:“可不是嘛,有些直译过来的句子,读起来怪怪的。
”
还有一次,小组讨论的时候,我发言说:“意译是不是得特别小心,别把意思给变
了呀?”大家都纷纷点头,七嘴八舌地说起来。
其实啊,我觉得直译意译归化异化,就像是四个小伙伴,各有各的特点和用处。
我们在翻译的时候,就得像聪明的小猴子,根据不同的情况,选择不同的小伙伴帮忙,这样才能翻译得又准确又好懂。
你们说,是不是这个理儿?。
第6章 直译与意译,归化与异化
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conclusion 所谓“异化”翻译,亦指以源语文化为 中心,译文保留源语文化的异域性(for eignness)色彩保留源语与译语的语言 文化差异。具体说来,异化翻译包括以 下特点:(1)不完全遵循目的语语言与 语篇规范;(2)在适当的时候选择不通 顺、艰涩难懂的文体;(3)有意保留源 语中的实观材料或采用目的语中的古词 语;(4)目的是为目的语读者提供一次 “前所未tion
• (2)“pugnacious” 仅指“好斗的/爱吵架的”,这 里实指酒后撒野,与人争吵。 • (3) “lovingly”这里是一个反语(irony), 并非真指“ 活泼可爱”,有“洋相”出得“可爱”之意。 • B. 埃尔默· 甘特利喝醉了,醉得胡话连篇,洋相 百出,动不动还找人吵架。
C.只要你是山里长大的孩子,你就会心系大 山,永远离不开它。
Sentence translation
例2.The conclusion we reached is that change simp ly(完全地) can not sensibly be put off. • • A.我们得出的结论是,改革完全不能明显地推迟。 • B. 我们得出的结论是,很明显,改革绝对不可延误 。 • C. 我们得出的结论是,很明显,改革势在必行。
conclusion
• 胡译乱译: 例1.安全须知 The safety must know • 比较:Notice 例2.鱼雷快艇 Quick boat of the fish thunder • 比较:A PT boat (patrol torpedo boat) • 我叫李老大。I call Li old big. 见你第一眼,我便 爱上你。 See you first eye, I shit love up you. 我爱死你了! I love death you! 我对你一见钟情。 I right you one see clock feeling. 岂不乱套!!
直译意译归化异化翻译练习
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直译意译归化异化翻译练习1.“It’s an order from President Bush.” “I don’t care if it is from bush, tree, or grass.”译:“这是从布什总统发出的命令。
”“我才不关心它是从灌木发出的,树发出的还是草发出的。
”2.But Diana’s champions were overwhelmingly women. Like many of them, she had aheartless husband, in-laws from hell, and fickle boyfriends.译:但是戴安娜的拥护者是绝大多数的女性。
就像他们中的许多人一样,她有一个负心的丈夫,法律上虽然已是姻亲,实际上却只是一个薄情的男友而已。
3.There’s no pot so ugly that it can’t find a lid.译:再丑的罐子也能找到盖子。
4.Little fish does not eat big fish.译:小鱼(虾米)不吃大鱼/胳膊拧不过腿。
5. A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.译:礼物是打开把你关在外面的门的钥匙/礼物到,门自开。
6.His wife held the purse string.译:他妻子掌管财权。
7.Every life has its roses and thorns.译:每个人的生活都有玫瑰和荆棘/生活有甜也有苦。
8.He was a dead shot. However, he met his Waterloo this time.译:他是个神枪手,可是这次却遭遇了滑铁卢。
9.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.译:只要我想丽莎了,她就会在我身边。
10.Yet China is a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.译:中国是一个惊奇不断之地,她持续地改变着人们的印象。
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1.“It’s an order from President Bush.” “I don’t care if it is from bush, tree, or grass.”
译:“这是从布什总统发出的命令。
”
“我才不关心它是从灌木发出的,树发出的还是草发出的。
”
2.But Diana’s champions were overwhelmingly women. Like many of them, she had a
heartless husband, in-laws from hell, and fickle boyfriends.
译:但是戴安娜的拥护者是绝大多数的女性。
就像他们中的许多人一样,她有一个负心的丈夫,法律上虽然已是姻亲,实际上却只是一个薄情的男友而已。
3.There’s no pot so ugly that it can’t find a lid.
译:再丑的罐子也能找到盖子。
4.Little fish does not eat big fish.
译:小鱼(虾米)不吃大鱼/胳膊拧不过腿。
5. A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.
译:礼物是打开把你关在外面的门的钥匙/礼物到,门自开。
6.His wife held the purse string.
译:他妻子掌管财权。
7.Every life has its roses and thorns.
译:每个人的生活都有玫瑰和荆棘/生活有甜也有苦。
8.He was a dead shot. However, he met his Waterloo this time.
译:他是个神枪手,可是这次却遭遇了滑铁卢。
9.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.
译:只要我想丽莎了,她就会在我身边。
10.Yet China is a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.
译:中国是一个惊奇不断之地,她持续地改变着人们的印象。
11.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being
conscious of health until we are ill.
译:直到我们失去所拥有的一切时,才会懂得珍惜;直到我们病了,才会意识到建康的重要性。
这是一个老生常谈了。
12.One of the crucial facts about soccer is that goals are not made very often, with 2-1 a typical
score.
译:关于足球,一个残酷的事实是进球得分并不会很快地实现,场上的胶着会带来诸如2:1的典型比分。
13. A greeting card can warm a heart, hold a hand, lend an ear, pat a back, light up a face,
tickle a funny bone, dry an eye, surprise a child, woo a sweet-heart, toast a bride, welcome a stranger, wave a good-bye, shout a bravo, blow a kiss, mend a quarrel, ease a pain, boost a morale, stop a worry and start a tradition.
译:一张小小的贺卡能温暖一颗心,握紧一双手,倾听一个人的讲述,抚慰一个人的脊背;使人笑颜重现,逗乐别人,拭去泪水,给小孩带去惊喜,赢得自己的恋人;能为新娘祝酒,能欢迎陌生人,挥手告别,高声喝彩,送去飞吻;还能弥补一场争吵,抚慰伤痛,激扬士气,放下忧虑并开启新的风尚。
14.Old age should be regarded as a reward for a lifetime of hard work, but it can only be a
punishment if one insists on doing the same things one has always done, measuring the present achievements with the past ones, and inevitably falling short.
译:迟暮之年理应视作一生辛勤工作的奖赏,但是如果一个人执意要做他过去一直在做的事情,并用过去的那一切来衡量当前的成就时,老年却可能会成为一种惩罚,并不可避免地难以实现目标。