水处理常用词汇中英对照

Activated sludge
An aerobic wastewater treatment process where microorganisms are grown in a reactor and kept in suspension through mixing and aeration. Wastewater is passed through the reactor where the suspended microorganisms consume and convert the organic matter, and later being separated from the treated wastewater in a settlement process. The process requires a constant recycling of biomass from the settlement tank back to the reactor to maintain the required microbial population for treatment.
活性淤泥
在污水处理过程中的好氧段，微生物通过混合和曝气在反应池中生长。

废水与悬浮在反应池中的微生物反应，废水中的有机物被微生物消耗转化，在之后的沉降过程分离出来。

这个过程中需要一定数量的微生物从沉淀池循环到反应池，以保证处理过程微生物总量符合要求。

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Alkalinity
The quantitative capacity of water to neutralize an acid; that is, the measure of how much acid can be added to a liquid without causing a significant change in pH. In the water industry, alkalinity is expressed in mg/l of equivalent calcium carbonate. There are three kinds of alkalinity: carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide alkalinity. Total alkalinity is the sum of all three kinds of alkalinity.
碱性
碱性是指水定量的中和酸的能力，就是在PH不剧烈变化的情况下，溶液中能中和多少酸。

在水处理行业，以mg/l的碱性物质对应的碳酸钙表示碱性。

有三种碱性物质，碳酸盐碳酸氢盐和氢氧化物。

总碱度是三种碱性物质的和。

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Backwash
Reversing the flow of water back through the filter media to remove entrapped solids.
反洗
反转水的流向，使水流回过滤介质以去除截留的固体。

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Batch Process
A treatment process in which a tank or reactor is filled, the water or wastewater is treated , and the tank is emptied. The tank may then be filled and the process repeated. Batch processes are also used to cleanse, stabilize, or condition chemical solutions for use in industrial manufacturing and treatment processes.
间歇处理
在间歇处理过程中，水或废水充满水箱后被处理，之后排空水箱，之后水箱再被填满，
重复操作。

在工业生产和处理过程中，间歇处理也被用于净化、稳定或化学溶液。

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BOD
BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period. The term is widely used as an indication of the organic quality of water.
生物耗氧量
BOD是指水样在一定温度和时间，微生物去除水样中有机物所需要的溶解氧量。

这个术语广泛用于表征水中有机物含量。

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Brackish Water
Brackish water conntaining between 1.000 and 15,000 ppm of dissolved solids is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater . It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers.
苦咸水
苦咸水指含有1到15000ppm可溶性固体，水的盐度比淡水高但比海水低。

它是海水和淡水的混合或者在咸水蓄水层。

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Brine
A strong solution of salt(s) with total dissolved solid s concentrations. The waste solution in both automatic water softeners and reverse osmosis systems.
卤水
高含盐量同时高浓度可溶性固体。

需用软化器和反渗透系统。

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COD Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): A measure of the oxygen required to oxidize all compounds, both organic and inorganic, in water. COD is typically measured in mg/l, which indicates oxygen consumed per liter of solution.The term is widely used as an indication of the organic quality of water.
化学耗氧量
化学耗氧量：氧化水中有机物或者无机物所需要的氧量。

COD通常以mg/l测量，表示每升溶液的耗氧量，这个术语主要表征水中有机物含量。

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Desalination
Removal of salt (sodium chloride) and other minerals from the sea water to make it suitable for human consumption and/or industrial use. The most common desalination methods employ reverse-osmosis
除盐
去除海水中的盐类或者矿物质，使它能够供日常或者工业使用，最常见的除盐方法是反渗透。

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Deionaziton/ Demineralization
The term is generally used with respect to removal of ions from water. Deionization is commonly achieved by ion exchange process.Deionization is used for water purification for industrial use
除离子
此术语主要是指去除水中的离子，通常使用离子交换法，主要是工业水处理用。

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Digestion
The breaking down of sludge and other waste biologically by microorganisms. Results in byproducts such as methane gas, carbon dioxide, sludge solids and water. Aerobic digestion requires oxygen, anaerobic digestion the absence of oxygen
消化
通过微生物分解污泥或其它废物。

同时产生像甲烷、二氧化碳、污泥固体物和水等副产品。

有氧消化需要耗氧，无氧消化不需要氧。

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Effluent
The liquid discharged from a wastewater system component.
污水
污水系统排放的液体。

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Flocculation
The process whereby a chemical or other substance is added to wastewater to trap or attract the particulate suspended solids into clusters or clumps of floc or flocculent, wooly looking masses.
絮凝
在絮凝过程，向废水投入化学物质使污水中的颗粒物质凝聚成絮状物。

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MBR
Membrane bioreactor is the combination of a membrane process like microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a suspended growth bioreactor, and is now widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
膜生物反应器
膜生物反应器指膜处理法和生物悬浮生长结合，现在广泛用于市政和工业废水处理。

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Primary treatment
First (sometimes the only) stage of wastewater treatment to remove large solids. Often the first stage of settlement is called "primary settlement". Preliminary treatment to remove wastewater constituents that may cause maintenance or operational problems in the system eg, grit removal, screening for trash and debris, oil and grease removal.
预处理
废水处理的第一个阶段，主要去除大的颗粒物。

沉淀的第一个阶段叫做初沉，主要去除废水中可能影响系统运行的杂物，包括尘沙、垃圾、油脂。

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PPM
Parts Per Million.A common basis for reporting the results of water and wastewater analysis, indicating the number of parts by weight of water or other solvent. In dilute water solutions, one part per million is practically equal to one milligram per liter, which is the preferred unit.
百万分之一。

用来分析水或者废水的参数，用来表示单位质量水或者溶液中固体含量，在稀释的水溶液中，1ppm实际上等于1mg/L。

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RO
Reverse Osmosis.A process for the removal of dissolved ions from water, in which pressure is used to force the water through a semi-permeable membrane, which will transmit the water but reject most other suspended and dissolved materials. It is called reverse osmosis because mechanical pressure is used to force the water to flow in the direction that is the reverse of natural osmosis.
反渗透
反渗透，用来去除水中可溶性离子，在运行过程中，水压用来推动水穿过一个半渗透膜，这个膜会使水通过，同时去除悬浮物和可溶性固体。

之所以叫做反渗透，是因为机械压力改变水的正常渗透方向。

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Secondary treatment
More advanced treatment than primary treatment. Stage two of the process which reduces
suspended solids and organic matter. Typically require a biological treatment stage to remove/reduce contaminants. Examples include biological trickling filter plants, oxidation ponds, aerated lagoons and activated sludge plants.
二级处理
比一级处理更深度的处理，第二阶段处理减少悬浮物和有机物。

通常需要生物方法去除污染物，通常包括滴流生物滤器，氧化池，曝气池和活性淤泥池。

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Sludge
The solid waste material which settles out in the wastewater treatment process, sometimes biosolids. Can be dewatered and reused or disposed.
污泥
污水处理过程中产生的固废，有时是生物固体，可以脱水，再利用或者丢弃。

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TDS
Total Dissolved Solids is the combined total of all dissolved solids in wastewater, both organic and inorganic and very fine, such as colloidal minerals. Generally particles must be smaller than two micrometers to be considered a dissolved solid. For example, salt dissolved in water is a dissolved solid. Therefore TDS will "survive" screening or other coarse filtration.
溶解性固体总量
溶解性固体总量包括水中所有可溶性固体，既有有机物也有无机物以及十分细小的类似胶体的物质。

一般小于2微米的颗粒被认为是可溶性固体。

比如说盐在水中是可溶性固体，因此粗过滤无法去除TDS。

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Tertiary treatment
Final stage of wastewater treatment, usually to remove nutrients and pathogens eg, additional biological treatment stage, filtration, chemical flocculation and ultra-violet light disinfection.
三级处理
污水处理的最终阶段，通常去除营养成分和病原体等，包括生物处理，过滤，化学絮凝和紫外消毒。

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TSS
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is the measure of combined settleable and non-settleable solids in wastewater. TSS is a measure of the concentration of solids in suspension, which correlate to the amount of treatment required.
总悬浮物用来测量废水中可沉淀物和不可沉淀物。

总悬浮物用来测量悬浮物固体浓度，
涉及到水处理采取的方式。

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Turbidity
A measure of the amount of finely divided suspended matter in water, which causes the scattering and adsorption of light rays. Turbidity is usually reported in arbitrary nephalometric turbidity units (NTU) determined by measurements of light scattering. NTU should not exceed 0.5 in potable water. Turbidity can protect bacteria from sterilization.
浊度
悬浮在水中细小的物质，它能够分散和吸收光线，浊度单位NTU根据散光度决定。

饮用水浊度不应超过0.5，在消毒过程中浊度可以保护细菌。

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Wastewater
Wastewater is "used" water, the water leftover after its use in numerous application such as industrial, agricultural, municipal, domestic and on.
废水是指用过的水，用过的水还有多种用途，比如工业，农业，市政和家用。

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WTP
Water Treatment Plant
水处理厂
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WWTP
Waste Water Treatment Plant
废水处理厂。