商务英语与沟通的作业

Section B.

Many companies may be cutting expenses (revenue/expenditure) as much as possible, but arts sponsorship is doing better than ever. The trend is steadily upwards. Sponsorship overall now takes up perhaps $50 million, or three times as much as it did five years ago. Most of that may go on sport-but the spending on arts has risen the fastest of all and may now be worth $4 million a year.

The extra help is easy to explain. Banks, insurance companies, the oil industry and tobacco firms provide three quarters of the funds going into arts sponsorship. All four groups tend to be unpopular-which makes them all the keener to display their social concern and so build up some good will (image).

很多公司正在尽可能地消减经费，但对艺术的赞助与以往任何时候相比却有增无减。这种趋势还在不断的上升。现在赞助总额可能是5000万美圆，或者说是5年前的3倍。这笔钱的大部分可能花在体育方面，但在所有的开支中，艺术方面的开支一直是增长最快的，现在每年可能达到400万美圆

这额外资助的原因是不难说明的。银行、保险公司、石油工业和烟草公司提供的资助占对艺术资助资金总额的3/4。这4种集团往往不太受大众的欢迎，这使得他们更加渴望显示自己对社会的关心，以逐步赢得信誉。

B

You make a purchase. You use a product. It actually helps you solve your problem or perform some task, and you’re satisfied. Or maybe it doesn’t work like (as) you thought it would. In that case, you may be looking for an alternative product to solve the problem. In any case, what motivates you to buy a product or service is some need, usually associated with a problem, and you’re looking for a solution (answer, way, key, approach, system). The First Rule (principle) of Marketing: People don’t buy products (or services); they buy solutions to problems.

你购买产品，使用产品。这实际上帮助你解决问题或完成某项任务，从而使你得到满意。或者这种产品或许不像你预期的那么有效。在这种情况下，你可能会去寻找一种替代的产品求解决该问题。无论如何，促使你去购买一种产品或服务的是某种需求，常常和一个问题有关的需求，而你正在寻求解决这一问题的方法。市场营销的首要规则是：人们不是在购买产品服务；他们在购买解决问题的方法。

1. Translation

Direction: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty-four hours. But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours. In stories, the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune, but almost always his sense of values is changed. He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values. It has often been noted that those who live, or have loved, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everyone they do. Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances. What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowed into those last hours as moral (conscientious) beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets?

我们全都读过一些惊心动魄的故事，其中的主人公生时不多，屈指可数，有的长达一年，有的则短至24小时。但我们总想知道，这个在劫难逃的人是如何决定度过自己最后的时光。在这类故事中，那些在劫难逃的主人公通常在最后时刻交上好运被拯救了，但他的价值观从此发生了变化。他变的更理解生命的意义及其永恒的崇高价值。人们经常注意到，那些生活在或曾经生活在死亡阴影下的人对他们所做的每件事都怀着一种柔情。这样的故事会促使我们思索，回激发我们的:好奇心：在类似的环境中我们又会做些什么呢？作为注定要死的人，我们将把何种事情、何种体验、何种联想赋予最后的时光？我们在回首往事时，又能感受何种快慰、何种悔恨？

2. Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)

Direction: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

We do not realized how much we depend on the earth's gravity until we deprived of it. Then our feet no longer stay on the ground; we float around in the air; and the slightest touch may send us drifting off in the opposite direction.

In the laboratories where astronauts are trained for their journeys, they are subjected to conditions that resemble those of flight. It takes time for them to prepare for the great changes that occur in space. When the spaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed, the astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor. Later, when they leave the zone of the earth's gravitation, they are unable to stay in one place. Simple actions, such as eating and drinking, become very difficult to perform. You may get an vague idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down

在失去一种引力时，才会认识到他的重要性。脚跟本无法踩到地面，总是在空中漂浮，轻轻地一接触，就能使你漂浮到对面的一个地方。

在宇航员飞行前接受培训的实验室里，他们要模拟太空飞行中可能面对的各种情况。要适应在太空中可能发生的种种变化。当飞船以很快的速度离开地球时，飞行员感觉到好像紧紧贴在飞船的地面上一样。紧接着，他们离开了地球的引力状态，根本无法停留在一个地点。就连吃、喝这样的小事也变得非常困难。可以假设一下，在倒立状态下，你将如何喝一杯水。

3. Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)

Direction: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

There has been a clear trend toward early marriage in Europe since 60s. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, "go steady" through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. Many students are marrying as an escape from an unsatisfying home life or their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. The sad fact is that early marriage seldom solves one's problems; more often, it merely intensifies them. Their expectations of marriage are essentially illusive, therefore incapable of fulfillment and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow.

One cannot generalize that all early marriages are not always bad and later ones are not always good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by age but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. Good marriages can be made from eighteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.

六十年代后，欧洲一直存在早婚的倾向。许多年轻人刚步入青春期就开始与异性约会。进入高中后关系则稳步发展，然后在大学毕业前就结婚。许多学生结婚是为了逃避无聊的家庭生活或逃避没有朋友，生活孤独等个人烦恼。不幸的是早婚很少有助于以上问题的解决，却常常使这些问题变得更加严重。从根本上讲，他们对婚姻的期待充满了幻想，因此这些期待无法实现，随之而来的必然是幻想破灭后的凄惨。

人们不能笼统地说早婚并非不好，晚婚并非都好。满意的婚姻并非取决于双方的年龄，而是取决于双方情感的成熟程度。因此，对婚姻不能一概而论。幸福的婚姻，不幸福的婚姻与结婚年龄的大小没有什么关系。

4. Enterprise directors are learning that in China's new economy, they are on their own and can no

longer look for government bail-outs. This is a result of the country's efforts to develop a market-driven economy based on efficient means of production, wholesale trading and consumer demand. Some controls over management, prices, employment and salaries in commercial enterprises have been abolished.

企业的经管人现在知道了，在中国的新经济形势下，他们要自立，而且不能再指望得到政府的补贴了。这是国家努力发展一种基于有效的生产手段，大规模贸易和消费者需求的以市场为导向的经济所带来的结果。一些对管理、价格、就业和商业企业中的工资的控制已经取消。

5. Actually China's market reform did not stop but deepened instead. Since 1991, in particular, the

government has successfully promulgated a series of reform measures and increased the role of

the market in the national economy. This has helped re-establish the trust of some GA TT

members with doubts about China's prospects for reform. Since 1991, some signatory states from the European Community, Canada and Japan, one after another, expressed their willingness to restore bilateral consultations with China.

事实上，中国的市场改革非但没有停止，反而深入了。尤其自1991年以来，政府已成功颁布了一系列改革措施，并增强了国民经济中的市场作用这有助于使一些关贸总协定中原来怀疑中国改革前景的各成员国，重新建立起信任。1991年之后，一些欧共体国家、加拿大和日本等签约国已相继表示，他们愿意和中国恢复双边磋商。

6. As to the child education, there was a more relaxed family, in which the young people felt equal to

the adults. They were not pressured to get good marks at school to make their parents proud, and they knew that they would be free to choose their own studies and later their own career.

Obviously, their parents were still believing in individual freedom

在孩子的教育问题上有一些较开明的家庭。在这样的家庭里，孩子们感到自己和大人是平等的，没有人给他们施加压力，要他们在学习中去获得好分数为父母争光。他们知道可以自由选择自己的学科，今后也有选择职业的自由。显而易见，他们的父母仍信奉个人自由。

7. He respected the ordinary people and always paid attention to the interests and requirements of the

masses. When he worked out policies and made decisions, he would see that they helped to

develop the productive forces of the socialist society, to strengthen the country's comprehensive national power and to improve the living standards of the people.

他尊重群众，时刻关注广大人民群众的利益和愿望。在制定方针政策时，总是把有利于发展社会主义社会的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合实力及是否有利于提高人民的生活水平作为出发点。

8. Smoking is harmful to the health of people. World government should conduct serious campaigns public smoking in certain places like theaters, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking.

吸烟对人们的健康有害。世界各国政府应该开展认真的反吸烟运动。限制吸烟广告，每包香烟上加印有害健康的警告，以及禁止在电影院、餐馆等公共场所吸烟。这些都是许多国家用以支持不吸烟者和控制吸烟最常用的办法。

9. Currently, China is striving to have Beijing chosen as the host of the 2004 Olympic Games. The Chinese people, who have been maintaining great enthusiasm for sports over these years, hope that the dream to host the Olympic Games in China, the most populous nation in the world, will become a reality.

当前，中国正在努力使北京被选中为2008年奥运会的东道主。这些年来始终对体育保持极大热情的中国人民，希望在中国这个世界人口最多的国主办奥运会的梦想变为现实。