高中虚拟语气用法讲解

虚拟语气用法讲解

语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。

祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。

虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示所说的话不是事实或不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

一、与现在事实相反

If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.

If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.

二、与将来事实相反

If you should lose, what would you do?

If I were to permitted to Tsinghua University/Central Art College，my parents would be quite happy。

If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.

三、与过去事实相反

If I had studied harder during my school times，I would have cherished time more。

If Alice hadn’t gone shopping in the mall last Sunday，she would haven’t met her old friend Daisy。

If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.

四、省略连词if 的虚拟语气

如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were ，had 和should 时，可省略if ，把were ，had 和should 放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。

Had you not helped me ，I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。

Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。 Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.

假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。

注意：表否定意义的虚拟句写成倒装形式时，not 不提前。如：

If I weren ’t there = Were I not there.

五、混合型的条件句 当条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now .

If I had spoken to him yesterday , I should know what to do now .

如条件从句用if I were...，主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。

If I were not busy, I would have come.

If I were you, I would have gone home.

六、虚拟语气在从句中的应用

虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。

（一）主语从句中的虚拟语气

在It is (was)+形容词

/ 过去分词+that 引导的主语从句句型中，主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+

动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。

that

It is right that you should have done your homework.

It's important that we（should）work out a plan. （带有“要求”的含义）

It's better that he go at once. （带有“建议”的意思）

It is a pity that she should fare so badly.

☆用于本句型中的过去分词主要是表示建议、要求、命令等意义的过去分词。

It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture．

I’m ashamed you should have done such a thing.

It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．有人建议推迟会议。

注意：如果不是表示建议、要求、命令等语气，而是陈述事实，这种句型中的主语从句用陈述语气。It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week.

（二）宾语从句中的虚拟语气

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.（离队）

七、一些特殊句型虚拟语气的用法

1.wish的用法