英语单词前后缀归纳

Stems and Affixes
1 Prefixes 前缀
Prefix Meaning Examples
ad (a, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as) t o advance, acquire, affix, aggressive, allocation, an approach, arrest, assert
ante before, in front of antecedent, anteroom
anti against antithesis, antimagnetic
auto self, self-acting autonomous, autocracy, automobile, automaton bi two, twice bimonthly, biennial
circum (circu) around, circle circumscribe, circumference,circulation
com (co, col, con) together, with combine, cohabit, collision, converse
de down from, apart despise, dehydrate, decapitate
di two, dioxide, dialogue对话
tri three separate divorce, diversify triangle
dis not discourage, dissatisfy
apart disband, disperse, disrupt, diffuse
en (em) make empower, enlarge, enpurple
around encircle, embrace
ex out of, from, away from Extract抽出, expose, exclude
more than excess, exceed, exaggerate
former ex-wife, ex-president
il, im, in not illegal, immature, inactive
into insert, implant, 移植
inter, intro, intra, intel between, inside, within, interrupt, interpose,
inward, into introvert, introspect
intramural, intracellular, intracity
intelligible, intellect
mal bad, badly malfunction, maladaptation, malaria疟疾, malapp macro great macrocosm, macrostructure
micro small, tiny microcosm, microstructure
mis wrong(ly) misbehave, mismanage
bad misfortune, mischance
mono one, single, alone monocracy, monotonous,
multi many, much multilateral, multipurpose, multiply, multilingual non not, without nonstop, nonsticking, nonattacking
ob (有变体) against, not clear, object, opaque, offend,
opposite obtriangular, obpyramidal
over more than overestimate, overcharge
per through pervious, pervade, perennial, perforate
pre before prearranged, previous
pro forward prospect, projector
for, in favor of pro-slavery,
re back, again reload, retrace
semi half, partly semicircle, semifinal 半圆；半决赛
retro back, backward retrospect, 回顾追忆对证
stereo solid, three dimensional stereophone, stereoanalysis, stereochemistry sub(suf, sug, sup, sus, sur) under, below, lower submerge, subtitle, subeditor
suffer, suggest, surrounding, suspend
syl, sym, syn together, the same syllabus, syllogism, symphony, symmetry, synthet synchronize
tele far away telescope, telecast, telelecture
teleconversation
trans across transport, transfer, transparent
beyond transonic, transnormal 超出常规的Ultra 超过的 excessive, extreme ultramodern, ultraviolet 过于现代化的
up upward, in an upward
direction
upright, upstream, upheaval, upgrade
un not unqualified, unload
under below, beneath, under undergo, underestimate, undertake, undermine uni one universe, unify, unilateral, uniform
2 Suffixes 后缀
There are mainly four kinds of suffixes: noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adj. suffixes and adv. suffixes.
Noun Suffixes
Noun suffix Meaning Examples
ship 关系, 状态, 身份relationship, kingship,
资格, 技巧, 技能apprenticeship, horsemanship
总人数penmanship, membership, readership hood 状态, 性质, 集体, falsehood, bachelorhood, neighborhood
时期orphanhood, maidenhood fold time(s) manifold, millionfold
age state advantage, heritage
place village, anchorage,
amount mileage, carriage, postage, portage ian one who magician, physician
ant one who assistant, inhabitant 居住者
ee one who trainee, interviewee
iot one who patriot, compatriot, 爱国者同胞
aut one who astronaut, aquanaut 海底观察员
er, ar, or, one who writer, navigator,
ist one who pianist, economist,
tude state of latitude, altitude, attitude, longitude 维度高度
(t)ure state of mixture, departure
al state of renewal, withdrawal 更新（renew）
ance, ence state of importance, interference,
cy, ency state of infancy, tendency 初期趋势
ness state of carefulness, consciousness
tion, sion state of solution, reduction, permission,
ment state of rearmament, equipment,
ty, ity state of density, purity, morality
ology study of theology, psychology
ism doctrine of egoism, socialism 利己主义
Verb Suffixes
Verb Suffix Meaning Examples
ate make or cause to happen create, evacuate
en make or cause to happen shorten, heighten
ify make or cause to happen glorify, certify, rectify, notify, ize make or cause to happen modernize, publicize, polularize
Adj. Suffixes
Adjective Suffix Meaning Examples
able, ible capable of edible, convertible, unreadable ful full of beautiful, graceful
handful, cupful, armful
less without hopeless, limitless
al having the nature of cultural, economical
ant, ent having the nature of pleasant, dependent,
ish having the nature of foolish, childish
ive having the nature of expensive, responsive, indicative ly having the nature of lovely, lively
ed, ing having the nature of excited, interesting
ous, having the nature of glorious, prosperous
y having the nature of tasty, windy, dusty, dirty Adv. Suffixes
Adverb Suffix Meaning Examples
ly in a certain manner slowly, happily
ward in the direction of westward, homeward
wise in the direction of clockwise, counterclockwise Noun Suffixes
1.Some examinees’handwriting was too poor for the graders to recognize.
2.We don't pay our financial analysts to be wise after the event! 分析师
3.The newspaper have a very popular columnist comment on current affairs.
专栏作家
4.The success of Jane Eyre is due to its introduction to the English novel the
first governess heroine. 女家庭教师
5.He's a popular television entertainer. 表演者
6.What she said was a useful simplification of the theory. 简介
7.The exclusion of women from the temple made them feel sad. 排除驱逐
8.She complained about the omission of her name from the list. 遗漏疏忽
9.It's annoying to have to get authorization for spending such piddling amounts of money. 授权认可
10.The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident.商谈
11.The 1960s saw the emergence of many new nations. 出现
12.Continuance of the war will mean shortage of the food. 延续
13.It is no big deal, just an everyday occurrence. 发生
14.I've made a few minor adjustments to the seating plan. 调整
15.The armament of any of the great power can destroy civilization.军备调整
16.My secretary leaves us next week, so we are advertising for a replacement. 替代
17.Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 失重
18.A correct marketing strategy can help improve a company’s competitiveness. 竞争力
19.The story has been written with great clarity and perception. 清晰
20.Edison is well known as a man of great originality独创性
21.The mother provides emotional anchorage for the entire family. 停泊处
22.Fortunately, its voltage has not been exceeded. 电压
23.The washer（垫圈）for preventing leakage is broken. 泄露
24.The tonnage of the ship is 25. 吨位
25.I am full of gratitude to you for helping me. (-grat-: pleasing, thankful) 感恩
26.The magnitude of the epidemic was frightening. (-magni-: big, large, great) 巨大量级
27.He has an aptitude for languages. (apt: fitted) 天资
28.We lack the confidence to take a strong stand and the certitude to convince others. (-cert-: certain) 确定
29.The finitude of this method shouldn't be neglected while using it. (-fini-: limit, bound) 局限性
30.The golden age of whale fishery is over. 渔业
31.The Muller family have been making specialist beers at their brewery in Munster for 200 years. 酿酒厂
32.They have 2,500 tons of paper stored in their depository. 仓库
33.That programme will include live commentary on the England-Ireland game 评论
34.Knighthood was an ideal in medieval Europe. 骑士
35.I was less capable than he of telling truth from falsehood. 虚假
36.Her widowhood condemns her to a lonely old age. 寡妇时期
37.His aunt is elected the representative of the whole sisterhood of nurses. 妇女团体
38.If your Lordship will give me time, I will produce the evidence. 贵族阁下
39.Marriage is based on comradeship. 情谊关系
40.The Daily Echo has a readership of over ten million. 读者总数
Adj. Suffixes
(1)It is such a voluminous report that I am tired of reading it. 篇幅大的
(2)She welcomed her guests in a gracious manner. kind
(3)Their dining room is very spacious. 宽敞的
(4)They made a devilish plot to kidnap the little girl and then kill her when they got the money. 残忍邪恶的
(5)He has a rather womanish manner. 女性的
(6)She brought a coat with reddish fur. 红色的
(7)We spent a heavenly day at the beach. 棒的
(8)He has a very brotherly manner towards the little boys. 像哥哥的
(9)To run away at the first sight of danger is a cowardly action.胆小鬼的
(10)I was determined on taking her away from that ungodly surroundings. 邪恶的不信神的
(11)He drinks this medical tea for medicinal purposes. 治病的医疗的
(12)This French entomologist is noted for behavioral studies of insects.行为科学的
(13)True love is unconditional. 无私的
(14)We have to wear woolen clothes in the cold winter. 毛的
(15)Those earthen pots are made by the skilled man. 土制的
(16)His ashen face showed how shocked he was. 灰色的
(17)His conclusions are purely speculative. 推测性的
(18)She is selective in the dresses she wears. 挑剔的
(19) Excessive rainfall had made the harvest impossible. 过多的
(20)Appearances are deceptive. 虚伪的
(21)Heat is convertible into electricity. 可转换的
(22)Your dress is absolutely adorable. 受人喜爱的
(23)This essay is admirable in all respects. 可惊叹的佩服的
(24)Honey, it was a hairy flight back from Chicago. One engine quit on me,可怕的
my radio wouldn't work, it was snowing hard -- really hairy! To tell you the truth
I was scared to death. 本意是多毛的
(25)The greasy food make her feel sick. 油腻的
(26)The damaged car was labouring along the muddy road. 泥泞的
(27)She writes a lot of contemporary music for people like Whitney Houston. 当代的
(28)I caught a momentary glimpse of them. 瞬间的
(29)Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off. 停定的不动的
V. Suffixes
(1) She consolidated her power during her first year in office. 加强巩固
con- (completely) + solid (firm) + ate (v. suf.)
(2) He enumerated all his reasons. 数列举
en – (to make / put into) + numer (number) + ate (v. suf.)
(3) The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city. 使容易促进
-fac-: (to do / make)
(4) The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination. 点明说明
(5) I notified him that the meeting had been postponed. 通知
(6) The accounts were certified as correct. 证明
-cert-: sure
(7) I request that the mistakes in my bill be rectified. 改正
-rect-: (right) correct
(8) The affair was dramatized by the press. 改编作假
(9) Your promises have failed to materialize. 使。

实现
(10) So it is the nature of such persons to insult and tyrannize over little people. 压制强行霸道
(11) Everyone should take time to be alone, to prioritize and meditate. 优先处理
Adv.Suffixes
-ly: in a certain manner
e.g. slowly, happily
-ward: in the direction of
e.g. westward, homeward
-wise: in the direction of / in the aspect of
e.g. clockwise, counterclockwise
budget wise, weatherwise
]
Word Formation (Prefixes: pre-, pro-, per-, anti-, ante-)
Ex. 1 Choose a prefix to make the word complete according to the definition provided.
pre-: before in time, place, or rank
pro-: forward, ahead of; or favoring
per-: through, away, very, by means of
1.______pro__gress (move forward)
2._____pre___cede (come before in time)
3._____pre___dict (tell about sth. before it happened)
4.______pro__spect (looking forward)
5.____pro____slavery (favoring the institution of slavery)
6._____pre___caution (care taken beforehand)
7.___pre_____side (to sit before and act as chairman)
8.______pre__vious (occurring before in time or order)
9._____pro___mote (to move ahead)
10._____pro___ceed (go forward)
11._____pre___pare (arrange in advance)
12.______per__vade (spread through)
13.____per____ennial (active throughout the year)
14.______pre__paid (paid in advance)
15.______per__forate (make holes through)
16.______per__centage (proportion)
17.______per__fect (complete with everything needed, without fault)
18._____pre___mature (happening before the right time)
19.______pre__decessor (former holder of any officer position)
20.______pre__determine (decree beforehand)
Ex. 2Choose a prefix to make the word complete according to the definition provided.
anti-: against (anti- / pro-)
ante-: before, prior to, in front of (ante- / pre-)
1._____ante___room (a small room leading into a large one)
2.____ante____date (come before in time)
3._____anti___dote (medicine used against a poison or to prevent a disease from having an effect)
4._____ante___cedent (any happening or thing prior to another)
5._____antibody (substance formed in the blood tending to inhibit or destroy harmful bacteria)
6.____anti____knock (substance added to the fuel in a motorcar engine to reduce noise)
7.__ante______natal (before birth)
8.__anti______tank (for use against military)
Ex. 3 Guess the meaning of the underlined word by using the word formation information you have learned.
1.Wish you perennial youth / happiness! (-enn-: year) 永远的
2.Was the South pro-slavery or anti-slavery? 支持、反对
3.Our new doctor is much younger than his predecessor / antecessor. (-cede-, -ceed-, -cess-: go, step) 前辈
4.Prenatal diagnosis employs a variety of techniques to determine the health and condition of an unborn fetus. (-natal: about birth) 产前的
5.Perfuse water over the ground before you sweep. (-fuse-: pour) 洒遍
6.The map shows that we should go anticlockwise. There is a shortcut. 逆时针
Clockwise 顺时针的
7.I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. (-ceive-: take) 感觉
8.The delegation decided to prolong their visit by one week. 延长
9.Hope is the antithesis of despair. 对立面
Word Formation (Prefixes: com-, syn-, uni-, mono-, and other “number” prefixes)
(1)“Belong” collocates with“to”.把。

配置，搭配在一起
-locate-: put, place (locate, allocate,分配relocate重新配置)
(2)Metal contracts as it cools. 融化
-tract-: pull, drag (distract, attract, tractor)
(3)This monument commemorates our victory. 共同庆祝纪念
-memo(r)-: remember (memo, memorial, memory)
(4)The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident.
-fer-: take, carry, bear (refer, prefer, differ) 共同讨论
(5)They built the city at the confluence of two rivers. 汇流处
-flu-: flow (fluent, influence, flu)
(6)The criminals conspired to rob a bank. 同谋搞阴谋
-spir(e)-: breathe (respiratory呼吸的, inspire, aspire渴望追求立志要后接after,at,to,toward)
(7)Several circumstances concurred to bring about the present state of affairs. -cur-: happen (occur, recur) 一起发生
(8)Symmetry is one the main features of Chinese traditional architecture. 对称-metry-: measure (geometry, astrometry)
(9)They synchronized their trip with the annual tulip festival. 同时化
-chron-: time (chronological, chronometer精密计时表，航海时针，音乐节拍机)
(10)His works synthesize photography, painting and linguistic devices. 综合
-thes-: place (antithesis, synthesis)
(11)Beethoven had composed many world-famous symphonies. 交响乐
-phone-, -phony-: sound (telephone, earphone)
(12)My job at the assembly line of the car factory is rather monotonous. mono + ton(e) + ous
(13)Hitler was known as a vicious monocrat.独裁者
-crat /cracy-: 统治rule (democracy民主政治, autocracy独裁政治)
(14)The movie starts with a long monologue. 独白
-logue-: speak (dialogue)
(15)The high temperature results in the production of relatively high proportion of carbon monoxide.一氧化物
-oxide: oxygen (dioxide二氧化)
(16)It was so popular it became a unisex hairstyle. 不分男女的
(17)The acrobat杂技演员performed on a unicycle. 独轮脚踏表演杂技用
(18)The sculpture is the mythical unicorn. 独角兽
(19)The candidates had to state their position on unilateral disarmament. 单方的
lateral: side (bi-lateral双方, multi-lateral多方)
(20)The rows of houses were uniform in appearance. 统一的
form: shape (transform, malformed, conformity)
Word Formation (Prefixes: dis-, un-, in- / im- / ir- / il-, non-, mis- /
mal-)I. Guess the underlined word by using the related word formation information. (1)The war seemed likely to disrupt the state. 分裂
-rupt-: break (interrupt, abrupt, rupture, corrupt)
(2)The sun soon dispelled the thick fog over the field. 驱散
-pel-: drive, push (compel, expel, repel, impel, propel)
(3)It is difficult to discern the truth. 辨别分清
-cern-: separate
(4)Fashion trends diffuse themselves rapidly around the globe. 扩散
-fuse-: pour (confuse, perfuse, refuse, infuse, effuse)
(5)Can you help me to unhook the fish? 把。

从勾上取下来hook 钩
(6)Untie me from the chair. 解开
(7)The story unfolds as the film goes on. 展开
(8)Inequalities in wealth cause social unrest. 不安骚乱
(9)The unbound sheets of paper were piled up on the table. Unbind 解开结子
(bind, bound, bound)
(10)He helps to look after his grandfather who is invalid. 有病的病弱的
(11)The deer stood immobile among the trees. 不动的
(12)There was a sudden influx of household electric products onto the market. 流入注入-flu-: flow (confluence, fluently, influence, etc.)
(13)The news infused the workers with new life. 鼓舞注入（新力量）
II. Do you recognize the following words?
nonalcoholic (a.) beverages 不含酒精的
nonsmoking (a.) area 无烟的
non-sticking (a.) pan 不粘附的
non-interference (n.) 不冲突，不干预
nonaggression (n.) 不侵犯
non-resistant (a.) 不耐久的，不可抵抗的，不稳定的
nonreader (n.) 不能阅读的人，阅读能力很差的人
non-fiction (n.) 非虚构的
mistrust (v.) 误信
mistime (v.) 使。

不合时宜，搞错时间
misread (v.) 误读
misfortune (n.) 不幸
mischance (n.) 不巧，不信灾难横祸
misplace (n.) 不合适
maltreat (v.) 虐待
malfunction (v.) 失灵故障
malpractice (n.) 渎职，违法行为玩忽职守
malformed (adj.) 畸形的，残缺的
maladministration (n.) 暴政乱政
maladapt (v.) 不适应
Word Formation (trans-, inter-, intr-, en-, retro-, circum)
(1) The trans atlantic cable connect the two countries. 横跨大西洋的
(2) He is busy transplanting the flowers to the garden. 移植
(3) This is the longest transmountain tunnel in the world. 跨山的
(4) His farewell speech was transcribed from shorthand notes. 誊写抄录
(5) Parents transmit some of their characteristics to their children. 遗传
(6) The interstate highways link major cities in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. 洲际间的
(7) This book intermingled fact with fiction. 与。

搀和
(8) All nations are interdependent in the modern world. 互相依靠的
(9) The interflow of commodities between the urban and rural areas brings prosperity to the whole city. 国际间的流动
(10) We should leave the motorway at the next interchange. 道路交叉口
(11) intra-city vs. intercity; intrastate vs. interstate; intra-national vs. international
(12) The new law empowered the police to search private houses in an emergency.授权
(13) Several bills were enacted at the end of this session of Parliament. 制定颁布
(14) When can I encash the cheque? 兑现
(15) The army encamped outside the walls. 扎营
(16) The spring tide engulfed the beach houses. 把。

卷入旋涡，吞没
(17) retrogress: back + step (退化) (Then, how about “progress, aggressive, congress国会动词开会集合, regress退化, egress外出”, etc.?)
(18) retrospect: back + look / watch (回顾) (Then, how about “prospect前景, introspect
自省, spectacle, respect, circumspect慎重细心t”, etc. ?)
(19) retrocession: back + step + n. suf. (后退) (Then, how about “excessive过多的, recess休息, process, antecessor前辈, predecessor前辈”, etc. ?)
(20) retroject: back + throw (向后抛掷) (Then, how about “injec t注入, project投影投掷, subject, eject逐出喷射出, reject反对”, etc. ?)
(21) circumscribe: around + write (在周围划线) (Then, how about “describe, inscribe写记, prescribe, subscribe同意；订购”, etc. ?)
(22) circumference: around + bear / take (圆周）(Then, how about “transfer, ref er, confer, differ, prefer, offer, suffer”, etc. ?)
(23) circumfuse: around + pour (从四面浇灌）(Then, how about “refuse, confuse, diffuse 扩散, effuse喷出流出, perfuse洒遍”, etc. ?)
(24) circumfluent: around + flow (环流) (Then, how about “fluent, confluence汇合, influence, influx注入口”, etc. ?)。