初中英语从句讲解和练习

初中英语从句讲解

宾语从句

一．定义：宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

二．宾语从句的特点：

1.宾语从句有自己的连接词

2.宾语从句用陈述语序

3.宾语从句的时态

三.类型宾语从句与其他名词性从句一样，也有三种类型：

1．由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that常可被省略。例如：I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy. Can’t you see (that) I’m a bird?

注意：1）当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I don’t think he will come.我认为他不会来。

2）两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：

He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”等一般疑问句的含义。

例如：I wonder whether (if) he lives here.

The teacher asked whether (if) they were getting ready for the English Evening.如果要强调“究竟……还是不……”，常用连词whether引导宾语从句，后面再加or not或直接在whether后加or not。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：I’d be interested to know whether he will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”or not.=I’d be interested to know whether or no the will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”.

3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。

例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.

Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.

四.宾语从句的时态呼应：1）．当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。

2）．主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。

3）．情态动词must一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。

二.宾语从句的语序；A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）,如：I want to know if he can come tomorrowB.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him

三.宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”。

A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)

2.He asks me if I saw his brother yesterday(一般过去时)

3.She wants to know what has happened(现在完成时)

4.I say that the world is changing all the time(现在进行时)

5.He wonders what I was doing at five yesterday afternoon.(过去进行时)

6.My father tells me that he will fly to Qingdao for a holiday(现在将来时)

7.My sister says he had learn one thousand English words by the end of last term(过去完成时)

8.My friends hopes me that I can help him(含情态动词的一般现在时)

B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：1.一般过去时，2.过去进行时，3.过去将来时，4.过去完成时

1.He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)

2.She asked me whether I was watching TV at this time last day(过去进行时)

3.I wanted to say that our team would beat them(过去将来时)

4.He wondered if I had finished my homework (过去完成时)

5.I said I could help him (含情态动词的一般过去时)

C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时，如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth

2.He told me that one and one makes two.