智能消防小车的设计与实现

唐山学院

毕业设计

设计题目：智能消防小车设计与实现

系别：智能与信息工程学院

班级：12电气工程及其自动化（2）班姓名：刘亚东

指导教师：张国旭

2016年6月 1 日

智能消防小车设计与实现

摘要

本智能消防小车采用STC89C52单片机为主控，由火焰传感器、避障传感器、3路寻线传感器和电机等器件组装而成。小车可以实现自动寻找火源、自动靠近火源和自动灭火等设计的核心功能。除此之外，小车还可以实现在指定区域内行驶，当遇到障碍物时，能避开障碍物等功能。

3路寻线模块是由反射式光电传感器和比较器组成，当采集到信号时会传送给单片机进行数据处理；避障模块主要是由红外避障传感器构成，通过发射器发射红外光，当被接收器接收到时，证明前方有障碍物；灭火模块由升压电路和灭火风扇组成，再以L293D为核心的电机驱动模块作为电机驱动电路，完成灭火功能。程序设计采用的是C51编程，将各个模块组装在一起后，结合程序，通过单片机的控制，最终完成小车的设计。

本设计详细地介绍了各传感器的原理和特点，以及STC公司所生产的STC89C52的性能和应用。并在分析智能消防小车灭火的基础上，进一步指出设计的不足，然后进行改进。

关键词：单片机传感器避障灭火

Design and Realization of intelligent fire

control car

Abstract

The intelligent fire car adopts STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the master, by the flame sensor, obstacle avoidance sensor,3 road line devices such as sensors and motor assembled. Car can realize automatic looking for fire, automatic near the fire source and the design of the core functions such as automatic fire extinguishing. In addition, the car can also be implemented in the designated area, when faced with obstacles, can avoid obstacles, and other functions.

3 road tracking module is composed of reflection type photoelectric sensor and comparator, when collected signals transmitted to the microcontroller for data processing; Obstacle avoidance module mainly consists of infrared sensor of obstacle avoidance, through infrared transmitter launch, when the receiver, then prove the obstacles ahead; Fire extinguishing module is composed of booster circuit and fire fan, again with a core of L293D motor driver module as a motor drive circuit, complete function of fire. Programming using C51 programming, after various modules assembled together, combining with the program, through the MCU control, finally completed the design of the car.

This design were introduced in detail, the principles and characteristics of various sensors, as well as on STC company produces STC89C52 performance and application. And on the basis of the analysis of intelligent fire car fire, further points out the shortcomings of the design, and then to improve.

Key words: single chip mircocomputer; sensor; obstacle avoidence; fire fighting

目录

1 引言 0

1.1 设计目的及意义 0

1.2 国内外发展现状及前景 0

1.3 研究内容及预期结果 (1)

2 设计方案 (2)

2.1 设计方案选择 (2)

2.1.1 CPU芯片选择 (2)

2.1.2 小车底盘选择 (2)

2.1.3 火焰传感器选择 (3)

2.1.4 避障探测器选择 (3)

2.1.5 电源选择 (4)

2.2 最终设计方案 (4)

2.3 小车灭火流程 (5)

3 系统硬件模块设计 (6)

3.1 主控模块设计 (6)

3.1.1 STC89C52芯片 (6)

3.1.2 STC89C52的外部结构及特性 (6)

3.1.3 STC89C52内部组成 (9)

3.2 电机驱动模块设计 (10)

3.2.1 电机的介绍 (10)

3.2.2 驱动模块设计 (10)

3.3 火焰传感器模块设计 (11)

3.4 避障传感器模块设计 (12)

3.5 寻线模块设计 (14)

3.6 串行口模块设计 (15)

3.7 小车的整体硬件设计 (16)

4 系统软件设计 (17)

4.1 编程语言介绍 (17)

4.2 所使用软件介绍 (17)

4.2.1 Keil uVision4软件概述 (17)

4.2.2 官方STC_ISP下载软件概述 (19)

4.3 各模块程序设计 (20)

4.3.1 寻线模块子程序 (20)