英语词汇学 术语解释

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.

Morphology: the study of morpheme and their different forms.

Semantics：the study of word meaning.

Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in their meaning.

Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer

Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries. Synchronic study: the study of a word or words at one particular point in time.

Diachronic study: an approach to lexicology which studies how a word (or words) changes over a period of time. word: a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. vocabulary：Vocabulary refers to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period.Vocabulary also refers to all the words of a given dialect, given book, a given discipline

and the words possessed by an individual person. Terminology术语consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine: Jargon 行话refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in business.

slang 俚语belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words

Argot黑话generally refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, and outsiders can hardly understand it,

Archaisms古词语are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.

Neologisms 新词语are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.

denizens同化词are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language.

Alien非同化词are borrowed words which have retained

their original pronunciation and spelling.

Translation-loans.借译词Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language.

Semantic-loans借义词Words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form. But their meanings are borrowed.

Content word: the basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary ,which accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. It is the most important part of vocabulary.

Creation : the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements. Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.

Morpheme: the smallest meaningful unit in a language Allomorph: any of the different forms of a morpheme Free morpheme: a linguistic form which can be used on its own as a word

Bound morpheme: a form (morpheme) which can not he used alone hut must be used with another morpheme. Bound