实义动词have

实义动词have的意义及其后各种结构的用法



实义动词have有不同意义,它还可以构成不同的结构,用来表达不同的意义?下面分别举例说明?
1. ① I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做?
此句中的have作“有”讲,后面的to do是定语,修饰名词work? to do与work之间呈逻辑上的动宾关系,因此to do后面不能再跟宾语?
② I am going to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken to your grandmother? 我打算明天去北京,你有什么东西要我给你祖母带去吗?
此句中的have仍作“有”讲,后面的to be taken to your grandmother作定语,修饰anything? 从意义上讲, anything只能是“明天被带给”你的祖母,因此,动词不定式应用被动形式?
2. The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让那男孩背对他的父亲站着?
此句中的have作“迫使”讲,是个使役动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语? “had the boy stand”相当于“let the boy stand”或“get the boy to stand”?
3. ① I’ve just had some photos taken. 我刚才照了几张照片?
② She had her leg broken in the match. 比赛中她摔断了腿?
③ We won’t have anything said against our motherland. 我们绝不允许任何人说祖国的坏话?
④ A week ago, I had a hundred dollars saved. 一星期之前我存了100美元?
“have sth done”结构中的过去分词作宾语补足语用?句①表示的是请别人照像,相当于“asked somebody else to take some photos”或“got some photos taken”? 句②中,她在比赛中摔断腿是一种意外的不幸或灾难,相当于“got her leg broken”? 句③表示不允许某件事发生?宾语“anything”与“said”之间呈现逻辑上的被动关系?句④中的had有完成或解决某事之意?存钱的不是别人,而是句子主语自己?
4. The night before the procession, the two cheats had the lights burning all night long. 在游行的前一天夜里,这两个骗子让灯通夜亮着?
“have sb/sth doing”表示“使某种情况发生”,其中的现在分词作宾语补足语用,说明现在分词与宾语为主动关系?其否定结构表示“不允许(不能让)某种情况发生”之意?例如: We won’t have you talking to Mother like that? 我们不允许你那样和妈妈说话?
5. They had people coming to dinner. 他们有客人来吃饭?
此句中,可将had译为“有”,有时也可将这种结构中的have灵活译出? coming在句中作宾语补足语用?又如: I woke up at night only to have water dripping through the ceiling. 我夜里醒来发现天花板往下滴水?
6. We had no trouble (in) finding his house. 我们毫不费劲地找到了他的家?
此句中的finding是动名词,作介词in

的宾语?这里的介词in也可以省略?形式上与其相类似的结构还有have a problem (in) doing sth (做某事有问题)， have difficulty (in) doing sth (做某事有困难)， have a difficult time (in) doing sth (做某事有困难)， have a struggle (in) doing sth (做某事很费劲)， have fun (in) doing sth (做某事很有趣)， have a good/wonderful/pleasant time (in) doing sth (做某事很愉快)?

巩固练习
1. —What have you_______ hydrogen, Mary?
—Balloons.
A. have filled with B. had filled with
C. had filled of D. to have filled
2. If your mother and wife are very ill at the same time and you can only help one at a time, who would you rather have_______ to the hospital first?
A. send B. sending C. sent D. to be sent
3. Whom do you think he would_______ a letter of congratulation to the teacher?
A. have write B. have written
C. have to write D. have writing
4. He had his leg_______ trying to save an eight-year-old boy from a cave-in.
A. injure B. to be injured
C. injuring D. injured
5. I’m not going to have him_______ up with this sort of business.
A. mix B. mixed C. to mix D. mixing
6. I can’t have a child of 5_______ for you in the rain.
A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. to wait
7. Why do you go to town when you have people_______ with you?
A. stay B. stayed C. staying D. to stay
Key: 1-7 BCADBCC