英语写作(二)

2. Decide the type of your manuscript


Self-evaluate your work: Is it sufficient for a full article? Or are your results so thrilling that they need to be shown as soon as possible? Ask your supervisor and colleagues for advice on manuscript type. Sometimes outsiders see things more clearly than you.
that" or "Figure 2 demonstrated that."
…” – Author guidelines, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica
(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Contributions suitable for the JOURNAL should fall into one of the following classifications: fundamental research articles, presenting important new information and data in any area of science related to the textile and allied fields, technical articles describing development work, engineering advances, and innovations in manufacture and processing, laboratory techniques with sufficient experimental data to illustrate the utility of methods or equipment described, review articles of an authoritative and critical nature on a topic of major importance, letters to the editor, seldom exceeding two JOURNAL pages, limited to comment on previously published JOURNAL articles. Manuscripts must meet high scientific or technical standards. In addition, all papers must be clearly presented in good English; articles may have to be rejected because they require excessive editing.
all candidate journals
4. Choose the right journal

You must get help from your supervisor or colleagues. Chase （追随）them if necessary. Articles in your references will likely lead you to the right journal. DO NOT gamble by scattering your manuscript to many journals. Only submit once! International ethics standards prohibit multiple/simultaneous submissions, and editors DO find out!
– Mooson Kwauk
4. Choose the right journal
Investigate
to find out: Aims and scope Types of articles Readership Current hot topics (go through recent abstracts)
2. Decide the type of your manuscript



Full articles/Original articles: the most important papers; often substantial, completed pieces of research that are of significance. Letters/Rapid Communications/Short communications: usually published for quick and early communication of significant and original advances; much shorter than full articles (usually strictly limited). Review papers/perspectives: summarize recent developments on a specific topic; highlight important points that have been previously reported and introduce no new information; often submitted on invitation.

1. Check the originality of your idea at the very beginning of your research.

Have you done something new and interesting? Is there anything challenging in your work? Is the work directly related to a current hot topic? Have you provided solutions to any difficult problems? If all answers are “yes”, then start preparing your manuscript.
批判性 原创性和新颖性 学术价值或应用价值 清楚、简洁
---你的论文将伴随你一生或更长；请爱惜你
的名誉！
应该发表什么样的科技论文？
1.学术创新；

颠覆性创新
把一种思想、方法移植到一个新的领域； 理论创新和工程型处创新；
2.学术批判和争论；
论文退稿的几种常见情况
缺少创新性； 学术价值差，类似技改报告； 没有实验结果，只是一种设想； 结构混乱，前后不一致； 句子臃肿，词不达意，表达能力 太差。
How
to write a good manuscript for an international journal Preparations before starting Construction of an article Technical details
1Байду номын сангаас
学术论文的基本要求

3. Who is your audience?
“One seldom writes for oneself... it is of great importance to identify the sector of readership for which a paper is meant. A paper written in abstruse (深奥的） mathematical language cannot be appreciated by the practical engineer who is interested in acquiring something for immediate use. On the other hand, for a scientific conference, a paper written in the style of a practicum would probably put the author to disgrace （丢脸）.”


5. Read the „Guide for Authors‟! Again and again!

Apply the Guide for Authors to your manuscript, even to the first draft (text layout, paper citation, figures and table, etc.). It will save your time, and the editor‟s.
Example
The Introduction summarizes the rationale for the study and gives a concise background. Use references to provide the most salient（醒目的） background rather than an exhaustive （一览无遗）review. The last sentence should concisely state your purpose for carrying out the study (not methods, results, or conclusion). … 9 Results Emphasize or summarize only important observations. Simple data may be set forth in the text with no need for tables or figures. Give absolute values, not merely percentages, particularly for the control values. Present your results followed by (Table 1 or Figure 2). Do not write "Table 1 shows

All editors hate wasting time on poorly prepared manuscripts！
“Guide for Authors” often contains useful instructions on scientific writing.
“ 6 Introduction
Example：Textile Research Journal
Example of a paper format requist






SI Units. The JOURNAL requires the use of SI units for all numerical data. Common metric (cgs), English Engineering, or other frequently used units may be given in parentheses following the SI units. For complex tables and graphs, conversion factors may be indicated in footnotes. A list of commonly used conversion factors and other information regarding SI units is available on request. Authors' Names and Affiliations. This information should be given exactly as it is to appear in print. If an author is no longer with the organization where the work was done, the new affiliation should be given in a footnote. If the manuscript has been presented as a paper at a technical conference, this information should also be given in a footnote. Abstract. A brief abstract of about 150 words must accompany each manuscript except letters to the editor. Typing. All manuscripts must be typewritten, doublespaced. Two copies complete with figures and tables must be submitted. Good quality photocopies are acceptable. Papers should be accompanied by a floppy disk or CD Rom. Papers cannot be submitted electronically. Equations and Formulas. Equations are numbered in parentheses to the right; they are referred to in the text as Equation 2, Equation 11a, etc., i.e., without parentheses. Exponents and subscripts should be legible and properly positioned. There should be a clear distinction between small and capital letters, between 1 (one) and l (el), and between the letter O and zero. Greek letters should be written clearly; it is helpful to spell out the name of an unfamiliar symbol in the margin. Illustrations. Drawings and graphs in black ink on white paper or clear film or laser printer originals of computer- generated figures must accompany one copy of the manuscript. ……… ……….