初中定语从句总结用法大全
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定语从句
走进中考
定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词,不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词,不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下:
1.掌握关系代词的用法,特别是that, which,who,whom,
whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。
2.掌握关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句的用
法;
3.掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法,尤其是介词的选取和使用;
4.掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同;
5.掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时,关系代词和关系副
词的选择问题。
思维导图
1. 定语从句的概念和位置
在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词从句。(在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句)。 e .g.: D o you k now the gi rl who is si nging on the st age ? T hi s is the mus eu m which was built last year.
2. 先行词和关系代词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,指代先行词,放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语等);
e .g.: T he m an w ho has an u mbre lla
in his hand is my unc le.
先行词 关系代词(在从句中做主语)
Th e train whi ch has just left is f or Shenz hen.
先行词 关系代词(做主语)
Le t’s fin d a p lace w he re we ca n h ave a pic ni
c.
先行词 关系副词(地点状语)
定语从句的构成:
He ha s a car. + Th e car has 7 sea ts. ar and it has 7 se ats . == He has a c == He h as a c ar which ha s 7 se ats.
The h ot el i s very cle an. + We s ta yed h ere .
== The hotel wher e we st ayed was very c lea n.
W e met a man. + The m an dir ected u s to the fac tor y.
定语从句
关系词
关系代词
that, who, whom, whose, which 关系副词when, where, why
=>We met aman and hedirected us to the factory.
=>We met a man who directed us tothe factory.
3.关系代词引导的定语从句
出题点:A指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法;
B 指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。
关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用,在句子中充当一定的成分,修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,
普通代词只起替代作用。
关系代词替代先行词,在定语从句中充当一定的成分,同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起,起连词的作用。
i.That引导的定语从句
That可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作
宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that之前,若介词提
到前面,指物用which指人用whom
e.g.: Viewsthat are entirely newmay also be hard to a
ccept.
We need a person thatisrightfor the job.
The picture(that) we are studying was drawn by afifteen-year-old student.
ii.Which引导的定语从句
Which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词whic
h可以省略(放介词后除外):
e.g.: The riverwhichruns through the center of the c
ity was polluted seriously.
The story (which) he told wasvery popular.
Thehouse inwhich I used tolive has become a shoeshop.
iii.Who,whom引导的定语从句
二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句
中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系
代词除外)
e.g.: ---We areproud ofMo Yan.
---Yes. Heisa great writerwho won the Nobel Pr izein Literature in 2012.
e.g.:Hersister marriedaman (who/whom)she met on a plane.