初中定语从句总结用法大全

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定语从句

走进中考

定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词,不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词,不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下:

1.掌握关系代词的用法,特别是that, which,who,whom,

whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。

2.掌握关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句的用

法;

3.掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法,尤其是介词的选取和使用;

4.掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同;

5.掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时,关系代词和关系副

词的选择问题。

思维导图

1. 定语从句的概念和位置

在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词从句。(在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句)。 e .g.: D o you k now the gi rl who is si nging on the st age ? T hi s is the mus eu m which was built last year.

2. 先行词和关系代词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词,指代先行词,放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语等);

e .g.: T he m an w ho has an u mbre lla

in his hand is my unc le.

先行词 关系代词(在从句中做主语)

Th e train whi ch has just left is f or Shenz hen.

先行词 关系代词(做主语)

Le t’s fin d a p lace w he re we ca n h ave a pic ni

c.

先行词 关系副词(地点状语)

定语从句的构成:

He ha s a car. + Th e car has 7 sea ts. ar and it has 7 se ats . == He has a c == He h as a c ar which ha s 7 se ats.

The h ot el i s very cle an. + We s ta yed h ere .

== The hotel wher e we st ayed was very c lea n.

W e met a man. + The m an dir ected u s to the fac tor y.

定语从句

关系词

关系代词

that, who, whom, whose, which 关系副词when, where, why

=>We met aman and hedirected us to the factory.

=>We met a man who directed us tothe factory.

3.关系代词引导的定语从句

出题点:A指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法;

B 指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。

关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用,在句子中充当一定的成分,修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,

普通代词只起替代作用。

关系代词替代先行词,在定语从句中充当一定的成分,同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起,起连词的作用。

i.That引导的定语从句

That可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作

宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that之前,若介词提

到前面,指物用which指人用whom

e.g.: Viewsthat are entirely newmay also be hard to a

ccept.

We need a person thatisrightfor the job.

The picture(that) we are studying was drawn by afifteen-year-old student.

ii.Which引导的定语从句

Which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词whic

h可以省略(放介词后除外):

e.g.: The riverwhichruns through the center of the c

ity was polluted seriously.

The story (which) he told wasvery popular.

Thehouse inwhich I used tolive has become a shoeshop.

iii.Who,whom引导的定语从句

二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句

中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系

代词除外)

e.g.: ---We areproud ofMo Yan.

---Yes. Heisa great writerwho won the Nobel Pr izein Literature in 2012.

e.g.:Hersister marriedaman (who/whom)she met on a plane.

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