国际贸易 简答题

Explain the difference between international trade and domestic trade?

1)differences in legal system

2)differences in currencies

3)differences in cutural background

4)differences in natural and economic conditions

what is more or less clause

The buyer and seller stipulate in a sales contract that the seller is allowed to deliver the goods Within a certain percentage of more or less than the contracted quantity.

1.what is the quality tolerance?what is quality latitude?what’s the

difference between the two?

quality tolerance：Quality tolerance means an allowed deviation in quality stipulated by an international organization and recognized internationally.

quality latitude：Quality latitude means that the seller and buyer agree that the quality of the deliveredgoods can vary with an agreed range.

Difference:

quality tolerance:allowed to deliver the goods within a certain range of tolerance.

quality latitude : ①stipulate a certain scope

②stipulate more or less clause

③stipulate “max”or”min”

what are the similarities and differences among FOB,CFR and CIF?

Similarities:①the same way of delivery: they are symbolic delivery.the seller’s delivery

voucher buyer of the payment voucher

②the same the mode of transportation: they are used for port-to-port waterway

transportation

③the same place of delivery: seller is on board a ship in the export country

④the same as the export customs clearance formalities:the seller

⑤the same risk transfer:the ship in port of shipment

Differences: 1. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation;2. CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; 3. CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer’s risk.

2.What is symbolic delivery?

Symbolic delivery means that the seller fulfills his obligation of delivery by transferring the necessary documents representing the title to the goods and the buyer at the stipulated time.

Explain the calculation of Export Exchange Cost and Profit and Loss

Ratio

Export Exchange Cost :merchandise exports net income how many RMB in return $1

Profit and Loss Ratio ：an important index to measure the degree of export profit or less

1.what are the provisions for partial shipment and transshipment according to UP600?

Partial shipments:1.unless otherwise stipulated ,partial shipment is allowed

2. The goods under the same one contract and loaded on the same vessel will not be regarded as covering a partial shipment.

3. If a drawing or shipment by installments within given periods is stipulated in the credit and any installment is not drawn or shipped within the period allowed for that installment，the credit ceases to be available for that any subsequent

Transshipment:Transshipment is allowed when the sales contract has a clause like “Transshipment to be allowed”.

2.What are the natures ,functions and types of Bill of Lading ?what are the characteristics of rail transport?

Bill of lading Natures:①a receipt of cargo

②a document title to the goods

③an evidence of the contract of carriage

Function:it is an important shipping document that,together with the the

insurance policy and commercial invoices ,constitutes the chief

shipping documents indispensable to foreign trade

rail transport:large capacity,high speed,punctual,less prone to bad weather,low risk

1.What are the conditions of General Average

1.General average risk must be real or inevitably produced, not subjective Speculation.

2.In order to relieve the joint dangerous cargo ship to take, conscious, rational measures

3.The sacrifice is special, and the cost of spending is extra.

4.The cost of sacrifice and expense is ultimately effective.

1.what is the difference between PA and PC?

1.differenceCauses of damage :

particular average :is directly caused by sea junction for loss of goods, no

man-made factors, '

general average:The loss caused by the intentional actions of the people

2.Different loss bearing

particular average :Losses are borne by the injured party.

general average：Is the benefit from the value of the property in accordance