10.否定结构

Negation 否定结构

动词非谓语形式的否定：

e.g. He sat at the front so as not to miss anything.

He went abroad never to return.

Would you mind my not going with you?

There is no denying his honesty.

Not having read the letter, I know noting about his illness.

Not born and bred in the countryside, he was fascinated by its charm and vastness.

* 注：否定词均须直接放在该动词非谓语形式前。

否定句型：

1. You can’t be too careful.

You can’t be careful enough.

You can’t overestimate its importance.

* 随便……也不过分，越……越好2. No sooner had I sat down than the phone rang. 一…..就Not until recently did I realize the importance of self-reliance. 直到…才*

3. We’re no less interested in English than you are. 和……一样非常

c.f. He can no more swim than a stone can. 和……一样不*

4. Success is due not to one’s ability so much as to his zeal.

Success is due not so much to one’s ability as to his zeal.

He’s not so much a scholar as a writer.

He’s not a scholar so much as a writer.

* 与其……说,不如……说5. I didn’t lik e the house, nor the garden at its back.

Rome is not built in a day, (and) nor/neither is it built in one night.

I don’t want to invite tom, (and) nor/neither does my wife.

He couldn’t lift the bag and no more could I.

* 注：主语相同，第二分句不省略；主语不相同，第二分句省略。

6. Not you but I am to blame.

(It is) Not that I dislike you, but that I am too busy to be with you.

* 不是因为… 而是因为…

7. She knows better than to go alone on such a night.

He is more experienced than to do such a thing.

* 非常…而不致于去8. He is the last person to tell a lie.

That is the last thing that I’d ex pect him to do.

* 最不…的人/事9. I finally left my wife and daughter to work in Shenzhen,

but missed them too much to enjoy the exciting life there.

He is only too pleased to get back home.

*

10. I couldn’t agree with you more.

He enjoys nothing better than to go fishing with the boys.

There’s nothing like a cold drink in a hot weather like this.

* 注：通过否定比较级表示最高级或肯定的意思。

否定短语：

1. let alone更不用说

to say nothing of更说不上，何况

not to mention更不用提

not to say虽说不上，虽算不上

e.g. My daughter hasn’t started to learn Chinese, to say nothing of/ not to mention a second language.

I can’t add 2 and 2, let alone do fractions. / let alone

It’s hard to finish in a month, let alone in 2 weeks.

It would be foolish, not to say mad, to sell your car.

2. anything but绝不，一点也不

nothing but只有，只不过是

none but只有(人或物)

all but除…之外全部，差点，几乎=almost

no/none other than(不是别人)正是，恰恰是

e.g. He is anything but a hero/brave. He is nothing but a craven.

Nothing but a miracle can bring him to consciousness.

None but a fool would believe what you said. They ate none but the most delicious dishes.

All the people were rescued but one. I am all but ready.

She all but fainted when she heard the news.

3. rather than而不是

e.g. The color seems green rather than blue.

I decided to write rather than telephone.

He was screaming rather than crying.

He screamed rather than cried.

We must rely on our own efforts rather than on his help.

Rather than allow the apples to go bad, he sold them at half price.

4. other than除了…

e.g. You can’t get to the village other than on foot.

They were given nothing other than cold water to fill their stomachs with.

For ecological reasons, the researchers conclude, we prefer energy sources other than nuclear The dishonest man got rich by means other than hard work.power.

5. but for 要不是except for只是，除了

e.g.But for the sudden shower, we would have had a pleasant picnic.

The room was bare of furniture except for a few chairs.

Except for John, everyone had passed the examination in our class.

Everyone except John had passed the examination in our class.

6. without毫无，没有，不，如果没有

e.g.Without computers, it would be impossible to launch man-made satellites.

I never knew him to do anything without a good reason.

There is no fire without some smoke. I once cheated in an exam without being caught.

7. beyond超出，无法

e.g. It’s beyond me to solve the problem all by my sel

f.

beyond human power 人所无能为力的without a blow 不费一兵一卒one’s control某人所无法控制的cease 不停地

description/words 无法形容的comparison 无与伦比

expectation 始料不及的end 无穷无尽

one’s means经济负担不起的limit 无限地

recognition 认不出来了respect/regard to 不顾，不管

one’s depth/reach非某人能力所及的reserve 毫无保留地