扩大英语词汇

Question Two • How can we achieve the twostage goal of our vocabulary learning?
Achieving our two-stage goal by different ways • Stage One: 3000 words • Learning each of them carefully, patiently and effectively • Stage Two: 4000 words more • Finding short cuts to learning them
Stage One Goal
• Learning 3000 words carefully, patiently and effectively
• What should be learned when learning a new word? • How should these 3000 words be learned?
Frequency（词频）
• 3,000 words most frequently used words • 4,000 words quite frequently used words • 13000 words less frequently used words
An American university student • about 20,000 words. • (Receptive vocabulary: 接受 性词汇）
• The vocabulary of an American university student is about 20,000. • When you accumulated 3000 frequency words in English, you will be able to handle daily life. As you continued your study and your vocabulary reached 7000, you would have acquired a basic working knowledge of English. • To perform as a competent speaker, one has to further enlarge his vocabulary till 20,000.
Two-stage goal
• Stage One
• 3000 words • Reading, listening, speaking & writing • Stage Two • 4000 words • Reading and listening
Stage One: 3000 words
Test the Size of Your Vocabulary
• http://www.lextutor.ca/
Word Frequency • Word frequency: How often a word is used in a language 词 频 • frequency word： most frequently used words 高频词 • frequency wordlist：频率词表
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Different types of vocabulary
Receptive vocabulary 接受性词汇
Listening vocabulary Reading vocabulary Speaking vocabulary
Productive vocabulary 表达性词汇
Writing vocabulary
Questions to think about • What is a realistic goal in our vocabulary learning? • How do we achieve our goal?
Question One
• What is a realistic(现实的） goal in our vocabulary learning?
• strategies for memorizing words • strategies for using words • strategies for recycling words
Memorizing
• Say the words you are learning • Record the words/phrases you are learning on tape and play them to yourself whenever you have time • Write the words you are learning on pieces of paper or stick-it notes and put them round your room. • Put the words into sentences. • Use your knowledge of the parts of words.
Choosing Strategies
• Reasons Different learning styles Different proficiency levels • Three Learning phases Memorizing Using Recycling
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Vocabulary learning strategies
They overlap considerably but they are used in slightly different ways.
Frequency (词频）
• 3000 4000 13,000
High
Low
What is a realistic goal for us
• Don't need a BIG vocabulary • Need the right vocabulary • Speak and Write powerfully by using small words effectively • Einstain used very simple language to express the most complex ideas
• For the 3000 frequency words, there is no better way than to memorize them one by one, focusing on how to use them and recycle them in different context so as to use them effectively and natively. • For the rest 17,000 words, we should learn strategies to deal with them since the words themselves do not deserve learning time. • Using prefixes, roots and suffixes. One half of general words and 2/3 of all academic, technical, and low-frequency words are derived form Latin, French (through Latin), or Greek. This indicates the importance of learning the meanings of roots and affixes.
• Steps helping you decide which aspects of word knowledge to fucus on Form: recognition first, production second Meaning: Learn one by one if there are several senses Use: Learn patterns and collocation one by one
How should these 3000 words be learned
• Strategies for planning vocabulary learning • strategies for learnig vocabulary
Planning vocabulary learning
• The strategies in this category involve deciding on where to focus attention, how to focus attention • --- Choosing words • --- Choosing aspects of word knowledge to focus on • --- Choosing strategies
• Reasons Impossible to learn all the English words Too many new words to learn in a text • Steps helping you decide if a word is worth learning Important or not? If not, guess it or ignore it. If important, check in a dictionary to find out whether it is common. If common, learn it. If not, guess it from the context or ignore it.
How to Enlarge Vocabulary
Have Fun
• http://iteslj.org/links/ESL/Games/ • http://iteslj.org/cw/1/ck-animalsimile.html • http://www.manythings.org/vocabulary/lists /b/
• Cover 90% of the text • One new word in every 10 ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้n reading • Read simplified novels and talk about daily life
Stage Two: 4000 words more
• Cover about 95% of the text (3000+4000) • One new word in 15 words in reading • Read original novels, magazines, academic books
Choosing Words
Choosing aspects of word knowledge to focus on
• Reasons • Too many aspects of word knowledge to learn • Cannot learn all the aspects of knowledge of one word at a time
What Should be learned
• Form 词形 • Meaning 词义 • Use 词法
• You can tell the meaning of the word when you read it in a text. • You can understand the meaning of the word when you hear it. • You can write the word correctly and use it properly in writing • You can pronounce the word corretly and use it properly in speaking