5被动语态的翻译

一般现在时： 一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 一般将来时： 现在进行时： 现在进行时： 现在完成时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 过去完成时： 过去进行时： 过去进行时： 过去将来时： 过去将来时： 将来完成时： 将来完成时： 过去将来完成时： 过去将来完成时：
am / is / are + given was / were +given shall / will +be+ given am / is / are + being + given have / has + been + given had + been + given was / were + being + given should / would +be+ given shall / will + have been + given should / would + have been + given 2
人们普遍认为 孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上 决定了他们的性格及其未来的人
品。
It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏 幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
汉语被动意义的表达方式
“为”字结构 “茅屋为秋风所破” “被”字式——不幸语态 “被捕”， “被剥 削”，“被压迫”，“被杀” “让”、”给”、”叫”、“挨”、“受”、 “遭”、“蒙” 庄稼让大水冲跑了。
The crops were washed away by the flood. 这股敌人全给游击队消灭了。 The whole horde of enemy soldiers was wiped out by the guerrillas. 叫你猜对了 You’ve guessed right.
最近，一位英国资深记者说，英语正在遭到一种 “官腔语言的致命病毒”的侵害，这种病毒已经感 染了许多政治家的谈吐和思想，其中包括托尼·布 莱尔和乔治·布什。
Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat, 75, the leader who passionately sought a homeland for his people but was seen by many Israelis as a ruthless terrorist and a roadblock to peace, died early Thursday in Paris.
New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….
It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……
In the factory, productivity has been increased by over 50 percent. The management intends to apply these same methods to office staff in order to reduce costs. 现在，我厂的生产率已经提高了百分之五 十以上。经理部（管理部门）拟在办公室 职工中开展同样的考查制度以降低成本。
The English language is being destroyed by a "deadly virus of management speak" which has infected the mouths and minds of politicians like Tony Blair and George W. Bush, a leading UK journalist said recently.
3.主语译成宾语 By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.
大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百人， 但那是以 二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的（但 二百多比利时人和法国人却为此付出了生命代价)。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 被动语态的时态、
主要体现在be的变化上 ， 其形式与系动词 的变化形式完全一 主要体现在 的变化上， 其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一 的变化上 样。 ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
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被动语态的翻译
翻译方法
翻译成汉语的主动句
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. “加以”, “经过”, “用……来” 加以” 经过” ……来 增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等) 增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语 主语译成宾语 翻译成汉语的无主句 翻译成带表语的主动句 “是……的 ……的
译成汉语的被动语态
Microsoft chairman Bill Gates is inundated with up to four million e-mails a day - most of them junk.
微软总裁比尔·盖茨现在每天都被淹没在多达四百万 封电子邮件中，其中绝大多数都是垃圾邮件。
inundate : to cover with water, especially floodwaters （淹没）
阿拉法特一直身患某种不知名的疾病，关于他的症 状有多种描述：流感、胃病毒感染和胆结石等。
In 1994, Arafat was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Israeli leaders Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres, for their work on the Oslo accords, seen at the time as a breakthrough toward an independent Palestinian state and a permanent peace with Israel.
75岁的巴勒斯坦民族权力机构主席阿拉法特于本周四 （11月11日）凌晨逝世。他用满腔热血为巴勒斯坦人 民寻找一个家园，但很多以色列人却把他视为冷酷无 情的恐怖分子和通往和平的路障。
Arafat had been sick with an unknown illness that had been variously described as the flu, a stomach virus or gallstones.
5. 翻译成带表语的主动句 “是……的” The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 In the old society，women were looked down upon. 在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。
译成汉语的被动语态。 “被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为…… 所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。 Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man. 地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引 燃的。 The window pane was broken by the child.
核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险 可以用一个词—辐射来概括。
2.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语 It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.
1994年，阿拉法特和以色列领导人伊扎克·拉宾和希 蒙·佩雷斯共同获得了诺贝尔奖，他们为签署“奥斯陆 协议”所做的努力在当时被视作通往一个独立的巴勒 斯坦国、实现巴以永久和平的“重大突破”
Байду номын сангаас
As a result of the productivity survey carried out in the factory, more rapid and more efficient ways of operation are now being applied. 由于我厂进行了生产率的检查，促使厂内 （全厂）普遍采取了更迅速有效的操作 （管理）方法。
窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了
I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.
我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。
译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。 The plan is going to be examined first by the research group。 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。
It is asserted that … 有人主张 …… It is believed that … 有人认为…… It is generally considered that … 大家(一般 人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周 知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……
1. 汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词 汉语句中有“ 遭受” 2. 译成“为……所”的结构 译成“ ……所
译成“ 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句
翻译成汉语的主动句 1. “加以”, “经过”, “用……来” Other questions will be discussed briefly. Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
4.翻译成汉语的无主句 Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking.
应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是 吸上瘾后的可怕后果
“是……的” 表示静态的句子 这些产品是 我国制造的。 “……的是” 推荐我的是一位教授。 “……加以/予以”组成倒置的宾语结构 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。
使用受事主语——大量的“当然被动句” 大量的“当然被动句” 使用受事主语 大量的 困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 The difficulties have been overcome, the work has been finished and the problem solved.