02 句子的种类与类型
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different life today is from what it was 20 years ago! What useful a subject they are learning! They learn a lot from it. How good news it is! What a fine weather it is! What good weather is!
• 6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功 了。(turn out表终止性结果)
• 感叹句的基本句式为: • A. What+ a/an+ adj.+ n.(单数) + 主语 + 谓 语! • B. What+ adj. + n.(复数/不可数) + 主语 + 谓语 ! • C. How+ adj. + a/an+ n.(单数)+主语+ 谓语 ! • D. How+ adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语 !
(3)选择疑问句。
如:Do you want tea or coffee?
(4)反意疑问句。
如:He doesn’t know her, does he? Mary is a student, isn’t she?
★ “前肯后否”或“前否后肯”。
3.祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,
英语句子种类与类型
I、句子种类(按交际用途分)
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、
THERE-BE存在句 II、句子类型(按句子结构分) 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句
提 纲
句子种类
一、句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑 问句、祈使句和感叹句 • 1.陈述句(Declarative Sentences): 说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。如: Light travels faster than sound. The film is rather boring.
• Tom doesn’t like playing football. 汤姆不喜欢 踢足球。
• 2.疑问句(Interrogative Sentences): 提出问题。有以下四种: (1)一般疑问句。以be, have, 情态动词或 助动词开始, 如:Can you finish the work in time? (2) 特殊疑问句。以疑问代词who, whom, whose, which和疑问副词when, where, why, how以及how引出的词组how many, how long开头的句子。 如:Where do you live? How do you know that?
翻译句子
请使用句型(2)翻译下列句子。 • 1. 我头痛。 (ache) • My head aches. • 2. 我的计划已经改变了。 (change) • My plan has changed. • 3. 这趟班机晚上九点半起飞。(take off) • The plan takes off at 9:30 p.m..
简单句的 五种基本句型
简单句的六个基本句型
⑴ 主语+系动词+表语 ⑵ 主语+谓语(vi.) ⑶ 主语+谓语 (vt.) +宾语 ⑷ 主语+谓语(vt.) +间接宾语+直接宾语 ⑸ 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语 ⑹ there be句型
句型 (1): 主语+系动词+表语
其中“系动词+表语”一起构成谓语。 充当主语和表语的词类有:
6. 前途看起来不错。( look good, 用现 在进行时) The future is looking good.
7. 我所有的愿望会成真。(come true) All my wishes will come true.
句型⑵ :主语+谓语(vi) 有些不及物动词能够单独构成谓语, 不用带其他成分就能表达一个完整的意思, 例如:The bus has left. 但是有少数几个动 词其后必须带有状语,否则结构不完整, 意义不明确。 例如:I live in Guangzhou. I stayed in a small hotel.
陈述句的肯定结构:“主语+谓语+其他” 如: • China is the largest country in Asia. 中 国是亚洲最大的国家。 • You must finish your homework! 你必须 完成你的家庭作业。 • Maria received her physics degree in 1893. 玛利亚在1893年获得物理学学位。
陈述句的否定结构。 ☆如果陈述句中的谓语部分有助动词或情态动词, 其否定结构只需在助动词be, have / has, do/does 或情态动词can, may, must, could, will, shall, might后面加上not即可。如: • Tom is not working now. 汤姆现在没上班。 • Jane can’t get up early in the morning. 简 早上不能早起。 • They haven’t finished their work yet. 他们 还没有做完工作。
按句子的结构分为三种:
简单句 (simple sentence)
并列句 (compound sentence)
复合句 (complex sentence) 并列复合句
(一).简单句:
只有一个主语(或并列主语) 和 一个谓语(或并列谓语): <1>.Tom likes rock music. <2>.Tom and John are fond of ▲ rock music. <3>.Tom sat down at his desk and ▲ began to do his homework.
• 1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起 说明主语的身份。) • 2)持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要 有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 The book lay open on the table. The kitchen door stood open so she went in. • 3)表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
• 4. 我的担心被证明是完全错误的。 ( fear, completely,用过去进行时 ) • My fear was proving completely wrong.
• 5. 我的脸在炎热的太阳下变得通红。( go red,用过去完成时 ) • My face had gone red in the hot sun.
• His hair changed grey. • His hands feel coldly.
• His hair changed grey .(混淆了change 与turn, grow) • His hands feel coldly. (feel本身作系动词与实 义动词的差别不清)
翻译句子 请使用句型(1)翻译下列句子。 • 1. 我是一名高三学生。(be) • I am a senior 3 student. • 2. 没有什么不可能! (be) • Nothing is impossible! • 3. 我越来越担心即将到来的高考。(become, increasingly, 用现在进行时 ) • I am becoming increasingly anxious about the coming college entrance examination.
主语
典型 名词、代词 to do形式
系动词
be 起来(look等) 是(prove等) 保持(keep等)
表语
形容词
v-ing形式 变成(become等) 其他
v-ed 形式
v-ing 形式 to do形式 介词短语
副词(地点)
复合句 主语从句 表语从句
• 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词, 它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须 跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的 状况、性质、特征等情况。 • 说明: 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时, 有词义,可单独作谓语,例如: 1) He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语, 说明主语情况。) 2) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作 谓语。
4.感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、
愤怒等情绪,由 how 或 what 引导。what 修饰名词, how 修饰 形容词、副词、动词。 口语中, what 或 how 引导的感叹句可 省略主语和谓语。如: How blue (the sky is)!
How quickly you walk!
• 4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 • 5)变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主 要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就 富了。 The handle has come loose. Passions ran high as the election approached.
建议或发出命令。如:
Add up all the numbers, and you will know the result. Seize the chance or you will regret.
(Do) Listen to the teacher carefully. (Do) Be careful in your work. Get washed as soon as possible. Get dressed and wait for me downstairs. Let me take your blood pressure. Let's drink success to you. The women carrying babies, come in first. You be quiet! Please read the text.
How great a musician he is! How wonderful a time we ever had together! How I long for those da a size (it is)! What fun it is! What colors they were! What a fine voice she has! What an interesting story it is! What delightful weather we are having! What good news it is! What silly questions you asked! What simple questions they are!