最新-英语科普类“阅读理解”试题解析[下学期] 精品

科普类“阅读理解”试题解析

纵观2006年全国部分地区的中考英语试题,笔者发现科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐｡而科普类文章往往具有跨学科､行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握｡但有些考生面对此类试题,常常表现出一种恐惧感,甚至觉得无从下手｡鉴于此,笔者现以2006年全国部分地区中考英语科普类“阅读理解”试题为例,对这类试题的特点及解题技巧浅析如下:

【试题特点】

①注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象｡

②贴近学生的学习､生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用｡

③能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析､解决实际问题的能力｡

【解题技巧】

对于科普类文章,笔者认为最有效的解题方法便是“通读全文→浏览题目→再次阅读文章,筛选信息,从而确定答案”｡

通读全文旨在把握文章中心和文章脉络,简单地说,就是要弄明白文章的大意是什么以及文章是如何展开的｡

浏览题目的目的就是要总结和把握命题人命题的角度和意图｡简单地说,就是要弄清题目究竟是在考查文章的细节还是对文章进行推理,是考查哪些细节,又是如何考查的等等｡

再次阅读文章,筛选信息,从而确定答案,就是在对文章大意､文章脉络以及命题角度有了相应的了解之后,带着问题再读文章｡在再次阅读文章的过程中,要利用上下文语境,准确地捕捉与问题相关的信息点,这也是解题的关键点(技巧提示:可在相应位置上做出简单标记,以便检查时目标明确)｡最后总结以上所有信息,确定答案｡

下面以2006年部分地区中考英语试题为例,对上述的解题技巧作一全面的分析:

【试题精选1】(杭州市)

You have often looked into a mirror, of course. But you haven’t seen the real picture of your face yet. And why couldn’t you see it? When you look into a mirror, you don’t see your face as other people see it. You see a reversed picture. If you close your left eye, your picture closes its right eye. If you touch your right ear with your right hand, your picture touches its left ear with its left hand. If you have two small mirrors, you can see your face as your friends see it. You hold the two mirrors at right angles(角度) to each other and look into them. After some practice you will be able to see the real picture of your face.

Now close your left eye and your picture closes its left eye，too. Touch your right ear with your right hand and your picture touches its right ear with its right hand! This happens because each mirror reflected(反射) the picture in the other mirror. So you see a reversed picture of a reversed picture, which, of course, is the same as the real picture.

1. When you look into a mirror, you couldn’t see________ .

A. the picture of yourself

B. your face as others see it

C. the picture of your face

D. the picture of your eyes

2. What does the word “reversed” mean in this passage?

A. 暂存的.

B. 相反的.

C. 模拟的.

D. 虚拟的.

3. According to the first paragraph of the passage, if you close your left eye, your picture in the mirror________ .

A. closes its right eye

B. closes its left eye

C. touches its right ear

D. touches its left ear

4. Which of the following pictures is right according to the second paragraph of the passage?

M=mirror P=person

5. We can learn something about________from the passage.

A. body language

B. Physical Education(体育)

C. optical illusions(视错觉)

D. television invention

【答案与简析】按照“通读全文→浏览题目→再次阅读文章,筛选信息,从而确定答案”的解题思路简析如下:通览全文可知,本文主要讲述的是“关于平面镜成像引起视错觉”的问题｡文章共分3小段,第一段是引出问题,即引出在镜中看到反像;第二段介绍一种成正像的方法;第三段简单分析原理｡浏览题目可知,第1､3题是细节题,第2题是词义推测题,第4题是推断题,第5题是主旨归纳题｡最后再次阅读文章,筛选信息,从而确定答案:从文章第一段中“When you look into a mirror, you don’t see your face as other people see it”可知,第1题答案为B; 从文章第一段最后两句的解释,尤其是left 和right 以及right 和left 的对应现象可以推断出划线单词的意思应该为“相反的”,故第2题的答案为B; 由第一段中“If you close your left eye, your picture closes its right eye”很容易确定第3题的答案为A;根据第二段的描述可知,两个镜子成直角(right angles ),人立于镜前,由此可推断出第4题的答案为B;通读全文可知,本文主要阐述的是视错觉的问题(即平面镜成反像的问题),故第5题的答案为C｡

【试题精选2】(安徽省)

Can plants eat people? Probably not, but there are many plants that eat meat. Some of them are big. And they can eat small animals. One famous meat-eating plant is the Venus flytrap(捕蝇草).

The V enus flytrap is a very strange plant. It grows in dry parts of the United States. Its leaves are like the pages of a book. They can open and close very quickly. Inside the leaves, there are three small hairs. If a fly touches one of the hairs, the leaf closes quickly. The fly cannot get out. In about half an hour, the leaf presses the fly until it is dead. Then, the plant covers the fly. Slowly, the plant eats the fly.

Why do plants do it? Most plants get what they need from the sun, the air, and the ground. In some places, the ground is very poor. It doesn’t have all these important things, especially nitrogen(氮). Animal meat has a lot of nitrogen, so some plants eat me at to get what they need. Let’s hope that some of the bigger plants don’t get the same idea!

1. The Venus flytrap is a kind of________ .

A. plant

B. animal

C. food

D. meat

2. The Venus flytrap grows in________ .

A. most parts of the world

B. some parts of Africa

C. dry parts of the United States

D. wet parts of England

3. From the passage, we learn that________ .

A. all plants can eat people

B. all plants can eat animals

C. some plants can eat people

D. some plants can eat animals

4. The underlined word “presses” in the passage probably means “________” in Chinese.

A. 挤压

B. 关上

C. 打开

D. 松开

5. Some plants eat animal meat because________ .