世纪商务英语翻译unit11
世纪商务英语翻译教程(第三版)
Sec 3
上述询价已于一月十五日发往你方，但迄今未见你方发盘。望早日发 盘，不胜感激。
Sec 4 （8） As requested, we are sending you our quotation sheet in triplicate and wish you to place your order with us as soon as possible.
Sec 8
8. trial order 9. bid
返回
10. insurance policy
_出__口__商__品_目__录____ _商__品__交_易__会______ _虚__盘___________ _不__可__抗__力_______
_跟__单__信__用_证______ _装__运__港_________ _汇__票___________ _试__购__订__单_______ _递__价___________ _保__单___________
Sec 1 Sec 2
Ⅱ． 翻译下列句子（3） （7） The above inquiry was forwarded to you on January the fifteenth, but
we have not received your quotation yet. Your early offer will be highly appreciated.
Ⅱ．试把上题中的答案译成汉语并填入下表（这是一封采用缩行式的商务信函， Sec 1 划横线处代表该位置应填写的相关要素）。
Sec 3 Sec 4 Sec 6 Sec 7
1．_信__头_____
2．_查__阅__编__号_
3．_邮__寄__说__明____
中职教育-国际商务英语口语口译课件：Unit 11 Business Reception.ppt
译员素质和条件
<1> 扎实的语言基本功。良好的英语修养和扎实的汉语基本功是一名 优秀的译员应具备的基本素质，掌握英汉两种语言的结构和语用等特 点和语码转换规律，具有快速、准确地组织词句的能力。尤其是译员 的听力理解能力,这是口译成败的一个关键因素，也是一名译员的综合 语言和知识水平的反映。在口译过程中，影响听力理解的因素有六个： 口音、语感、词汇量、知识面、注意力以及音量与干扰。英语是世界 性的大语种，口音因地而异，不尽相同，有些连英美人自己都听不清 楚。译员不仅会接触到标准规范的英语，也会接触到非标准、非规范 的英语；译员必须在平时就注意多听一些英语的口音、方言及变体， 注意总结其特点和规律，并学会逻辑推理和判断话语的上下文关系， 正确判断说话人所要传达的意思，领会其话语隐含意义。
<2> 交替传译（consecutive interpreting）：口译员坐在会议室里，一面 听源语讲话，一面记笔记。当讲话者发言结束或停下来等候传译的时 候，口译员用清楚、自然的目的语，准确、完整地重新表达源语发言 的全部信息内容，就像自己在演讲一样。会议口译中的交替传译要求 口译员能够听取长达五至十分钟连续不断的讲话，并运用良好的演讲 技巧，完整、准确地译出全部内容。
此次访问扩大了我们之间的贸易合作，加强了我们之间的了解和友谊。我们深深 希望，我们的合作会变得更加广泛，深入到生活的各个方面，包括商业、文化、教育及 科研领域。
特点 口译要求译者具有较高的驾驭英语和汉语的能力、多学科的知识和认真
负责的工作态度。与笔译相比，口译还具有一些不同的特点。一方面， 说话者的声音、语调、表情及肢体语言都有助于译员理解说话内容和说 话者的感情色彩；另一方面，口译的过程是体现译者运用综合能力的过 程，主要包括口译者的听力、记忆力、口头表达力、快速反应能力、语 言能力、知识储备量等。不仅如此，由于口译速度是笔译的数倍，甚至 数十倍，且要一次成形，所以口译者还必须具备良好的心理素质。而且， 口译者必须在短时间内独立完成工作，无法求助他人或参考资料。这些 都是口译的不利因素，增加了口译工作的难度。
Unit11BusinessReports世纪商务英语翻译教程(第三版)
Now we have our own truck to transport the building materials on the construction site. The expenditure of the department would be lower. This would enable the company to operate more smoothly.
SECTION 1
Sec 2 Sec 3 Sec 4 Sec 6 Sec 7 Sec 8
例文：
Report On An Event Date of report:23-Sept-2008
To the board of directors: With the fund granted for the purchasing of a truck of the
II. 试把下列撰写商务报告的七个步骤译成汉语。（2）
4. the introduction: state the subject, state the purpose, summarize your findings 写导言：说明事由、目的以及总结发现的成果。
SECTION 2
Sec 1 Sec 3
I. 试把下列商务报告的四个写作阶段译成汉语。 collect information plan the structure write the draft proofread and edit
世纪商务英语翻译教程(第三版)课后练习答案(全)
第一单元名片1.2 Lead-in1.2.11）Harbin2）公司3）Century Village4）财务主任5）助理工程师6）名誉主席7）首席运营官8）传真9）邮政信箱10) 外销部经理1.2.3（略）1.7. Practice1.7.1 全部正确1.7.2 245 （1中改成“先高后低”；3中改成“之后”）1.7.31) senior advisor2) chief executive officer3) executive vice manager4) senior engineer5) technologist6) technician7) section chief8) division chief9) emeritus professor10) visiting professor11) special grade teacher12) research fellow13) chairman14) secretary general15) administrative chief of … Town16) physician-in-charge17) editor-in-chief18) accountant19) assistant to president20) commissioning editor1.7.41）North Shaoshan Road 或者Shaoshan Road (N).理由：如果简单地采用直译的办法将其翻译成Shaoshan Bei Road，则会让人产生一种错觉，认为其跟Shaoshan Road 没有关系，是不相干的路。
而通过灵活意译，则会更形象些。
2）Second Zhongshan Road理由：同上。
遇到数字加编号的路名、地名等，一般可以翻译为：序数词+路名。
3）Jiusan Society理由：单位、部门名称翻译成英语时，如果英语中缺乏对应的词，大多数情况下可以采用直译的办法。
世纪商务英语-外贸函电unit 11 Insurance
Under CIF term and under payment method of Letter of Credit (L/C), after shipping the goods the exporter will go to the negotiating bank requesting the payment of the shipped cargo by submitting several required documents, among which the insurance policy is a must together with the Bill of Lading(B/L), commercial invoice and draft, etc.
商务英语 unit11
Unit 11 Customer Service
• B: I see. Please go on. • A: What kind of soap do you use? • B: I use P&G. I know your ABC soap, but I don’t
use it. • A: Why? P&G is a little more expensive than
Unit 11 Customer Service
• A: Compared with others, this one is smaller and lighter. What’s more, it uses the most advanced technology, so it is faster and more easily used.
Unit 11 Customer Service
• A: OK, I can give you an explanation. For a JC-340 humidifier, when it is used for the first time, take off the hygrometer from the carton and install it on the nozzle. Then, turn on the cover of the water tank and fill water into it. Switch on the power, the power indicator light will also be turned on, and the humidifier begins to spray. Adjust the flow selector to select the appropriate humidity. Can you operate it now?
商务英语口语Unit 11 Packing
▪ 21. Your opinions on packing will be passed on to our manufacturers.
▪ 你们对包装的意见将会传达给厂家。
▪ 22. The eggs are packed in cartons with beehives lined with shake-proof paper board.
Tip card 2
4. [BEC2题型]
▪ Collaborative Task and Discussion
▪ Your company, one of the worldfamous Top 500s, is going to launch a new hair-care product series with an international brand in China. Talk together for about 2 minutes about the possible factors and influences that are important for this and decide which three would be the most important. Here are some hints to help you.
▪ 请按所给的图样在（盒、袋、桶等等）上刷唛头。
▪ 25. We are prepared to accept your offer if you pack the products in accordance with our requirements.
▪ 如果你们能按我们的要求包装货物，我们准备 接受你方的报盘。
《商务英语阅读》第11单元译文
第11单元消费者管理行为的重要性本文介绍了消费者行为以及消费者行为对全世界企业生死攸关的作用。
世纪之交，理解消费者行为对于全世界企业的成功更加重要。
在本文中，我们定义了消费者行为的概念，确定了不同类型的消费者和消费角色，阐明了它们的领域。
本文也讨论了消费者行为对于企业目标实现的重要性。
并且讨论了如果企业采取以消费者为中心的战略，企业有哪些竞争优势。
消费者行为的概念消费者行为指那些能够导致支付、购买、使用商品和服务的决策行为的个人和企业消费者的心理、身体活动。
消费者行为的定义包括人们的各种活动和承担的不同角色。
图11—1阐释了消费者行为的不同方面，它们超出了营销人员对消费者行为的传统定义。
图11—1 消费者的类型、角色和行为消费者类型通常，消费者指对营销人员或厂商完成交易起一定作用的个人或组织。
企业消费者可能以家庭成员或公司代表的身份进行交易。
所以，我们说的消费者的定义包括了家庭和企业市场的消费者行为。
传统观点认为，消费者（consumer）仅仅指消费品市场，而产业市场的顾客叫做顾客（customer）。
在本文中，我们把两个市场的顾客都叫做“customer”。
实际上，教科书中比实际应用中更多地出现“consumer”这个词，其意指消费品市场。
例如，零售店把它们的老主顾叫做“顾客”,而不叫做“消费者”。
公共事业公司（煤气公司、电力公司以及电信公司）、金融机构（银行、信用卡发行公司等）、服务性质公司（草坪维修、缝纫、干洗等），甚至包括个人服务提供机构（如算命人、按摩师、从事打眼文身等服务的小店等）都是这样称呼。
个人服务提供机构是指把消费品市场的个人作为服务对象的机构（如律师事务所、房地产公司以及纳税顾问），或者从他们承担的具体角色来说（医生称其顾客为病人，教育者称其顾客为学生，募捐者称其顾客为募捐人等等）。
只有那些不与产品最终使用者打交道的那些生产商称其顾客为“消费者”（如宝洁公司、强生公司、卡夫食品公司、通用食品公司等将产品的最终使用者称为“消费者”）。
世纪商务英语外贸函电(第四版11
Project 11 Insurance
Part 1 Basic Knowledge Concerned Part 2 Letter-writing Guide Part 3 Other Commonly Used Expressions and Sentences Part 4 Sample Letters Part 5 Practical Training
2. 另有一事相求：由于我们的协议是在CFR的条件下达成的，保险本应由我方办理。 但为方便起见，能否请贵方替我们代办呢？
3. 若无异议，请在当地替我们按发票金额的110%为合同项下的货物投保水渍险和偷 窃及提货不着险；
4. 所有的保险费用由我们负担。贵方完成投保手续后可向我方开出即期汇票收取该 费用。
Project 11 Insurance
Leading-in Tasks
Try to finish the following task and predict the objectives and focus of this unit.
Task 1. 假设你是美国麻省富兰克林公司（Benjamin Franklin & Co. Ltd.；Address：200
新世纪商务英语本科生 第二版 商务英语阅读教程2 Unit11答案及注解
Unit ElevenPart I Pre-reading Questions1.What is logistics according to your own knowledge?答案范例：Logistics is used more broadly to refer to the process of coordinating and moving resources – people, materials, inventory, and equipment – from one location to storage at the desired destination. It may involve the integration of information flow, materials handling, production, packaging, inventory, transportation, warehousing, and often security.2.What is the goal of logistics?答案范例：The goal of logistics is to ensure that resources are moved to the destination more efficiently and timely.3.Are supply chains important in the global economy? Why?答案范例：Yes, they are. Supply chains encompass the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. They also include coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers, and customers. In essence, supply chains integrate supply and demand management within and across companies.Part II Extensive Reading段落大意难句解析词汇Text A1. 主旨归纳文章通过对沃尔玛总部配销中心的流水线工作场景介绍，引出供应链管理概念，并指出其在当今世界商业活动中扮演着重要角色。
世纪商务英语Unit 11
Unit 11 名人Background KnowledgeI. Michael DellMichael Dell is the founder and CEO of Dell computer corporation that is the world’s largest direct computer company. He is also the youngest person ever to head a Fortune 500 firm. And he is the longest-serving CEO in the computer industry.Michael Dell is clearly a genius in the computer world and business field. At age 13, he got a knack for taking apart the motherboard of his Apple II computer; when he was a senior in high school, he began to show his talent in business. He sold so many newspapers subscriptions that he was able to pay cash when he bought a BMW; In 1983, at 18, as a freshman at the University of Texas, Austin, Dell started selling custom-made personal computers and components out of his dorm room; A year later, with $ 1000 in startup capital, he set up his business and dropped out of university. The day his former classmates were graduating, his sales had already hit $ 70 million a year; At 33, the visionary CEO of Dell Computer is at the pinnacle of the entire PC industry. Today, he runs the second largest (after the HP-Compaq merger) and still fastest growing PC maker in the world with a market capitalization of well over $ 100 billion. What’s more, his revolutionary insights into busines s processes provide invaluable lessons for many other industries as well.What qualifications or achievements make him a leader?(1) He knew his goal clearly and unwaveringly focused on it. When he was a freshman incollege, Michael Dell declared that he wanted to beat IBM. In the following years, he started his own business and achieved his goal unceasingly, no matter what difficulties he faced with. Today, Dell company revenues are about $ 7.8 billion a year. He has passed IBM in annual sales, and is closing in on industry leader Compaq.(2) He has strong sense of innovation. As a successful entrepreneur, he is fond of doingsomething new and takes a risk and works hard to make them work. He also cherishes difference and thinks difference can breed innovation. He hired a diverse work force in his teams with different angles on problems.He dares to change his position and do something new. When he saw opportunity ahead that selling custom-made PCs and components was very profitable, he made a decision to d rop out of university and started his own business. Dell’s sense of innovation makes him hold lots of number 1 record in computer industry. Dell was first in the PC industry to pioneer high-quality, low-cost, direct selling model to end-user. He was also a pioneer to use the World Wide Web to sell products. His company now sells approximately $50 million worth of products on the Net daily, making it one of the world’s largest Windows-based e-commerce sites.(3) He has full responsibility either for business or for family and keeps good balancebetween work and life. He worked hard to create tremendous value for its customers, itsemployees and shareholders. In the spare time, he also spent more time with his wife and kids and wants to be a great dad and a great husband. Every day he drives his kids to school; he always makes pancakes for his kids.(4) Michael Dell has a powerful vision for the future and develops unique business philosophy.He wants his company to have an unrivaled speed to market; an unwavering dedication to customer service; a fierce commitment to producing consistently high-quality, low-priced, custom-made machines; and a shrewd exploitation of the Internet. The vision makes Dell computer successful and unique in the world. What is more, he knows how to use the vision to communicate and motivate his employees and get people excited what he is doing. Dell says ―A lot of businesses get off track because they don’t communicate an excitement about being part of a winning team that can achieve b ig goals.‖II. David Beckham, Soccer Player⊙Born: 2 May 1975⊙Birthplace: Leytonstone, England⊙Best Known As: English soccer midfield star and Mr. Posh SpiceDavid Beckham is a leading English footballer whose popularity extends beyond the field and into international celebrity. Beckham was already a crowd-pleasing star for Manchester United when he married Spice Girls star Victoria Adams (―Posh Spice‖) in July of 1999; the combination of the two heartthrobs proved irresistible to the press and public, and they became one of Britain's most famous couples. As a player Beckham is particularly known for his free kick expertise and spectacular long-range shots (including a famous goal from midfield against Wimbledon in 1996). Manchester United sold Beckham to the Spanish team Real Madrid for a transfer fee of 35 million euros (about 25 million British pounds) in June of 2003. Beckham was disqualified from the 1998 World Cup for a rough foul in England's loss to Argentina, but returned to play in the 2002 and 2006 World Cups. He was captain of the English national team from 2000 until 2006, when he stepped down from the role after a loss to Portugal in the World Cup quarterfinals. In 2007 he signed a multi-million dollar contract to leave Real Madrid and move to the United States and play for the L.A. Galaxy; he first suited up for his new team in a "friendly" match against Chelsea on 21 July 2007.Beckham typically plays midfield. His popular nickname is ―Becks‖. He has three sons with Victoria Beckham: Brooklyn (b. 4 March 1999, Romeo (b. 1 September 2002) and Cruz (b. 20 February 2005). Beckham wore uniform number 7 with Manchester United; upon joining Real Madrid he switched to number 23, with 7 already taken by his teammate Raul; he kept the jersey number with the Galaxy. Real Madrid was already home to several other superstars, including Luis Figo, Ronaldo and Zinedine Zidane. The 2002 film Bend It Like Beckham (starring Keira Knightley) was a fictional tale about a soccer-loving teenager. Beckham didn’t star in the movie, but the title has become synonymous with his name. The title refers to Beckham’s skill at curling shots around defenders.Fast Facts⊙Captain of England’s team in the 2006 World Cup games⊙At age 12, won a Bobby Charlton Soccer Skills award, including a trip to Nou Camp stadium, Barcelona⊙Among his many tattoos, are the names of his sons, his wife Victoria’s name in Hindi, a guard ian angel, cherubs and Michelangelo’s image of heaven, with rays coming from a sun and clouds floating behind⊙Married to former Spice Girl Victoria Adams⊙He and his wife are students of Kabbalah; both have tattoos with phrase from Song of Songs, ―I am for my beloved and my beloved is for me...‖⊙Won 1997’s PFA Young Player of the Year⊙Wears a new pair of football boots every game he plays at an estimated cost of £300 ($565)a pair⊙An experiment at Manchester United showed that he ran an average 8.8 miles per game –more than any other player on the team⊙After playing with Manchester United from 1994-2003, signed three-year £25 million ($47 million) contract with Real Madrid (2003)⊙His goal for Manchester United over the head of the Wimbledon goalkeeper from the halfway line was selected Premier League Goal of the Decade in 2003Quotes⊙―One thing will not change —we will be going out to win.‖ — David Beckham⊙―People react to criticism in different ways, and my way is definitely to com e out fighting.‖ — David BeckhamReading Skill FocusPractice 3Automation is the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery, which reduces human factors and increase productivity.Reading MosaicComprehensive Reading迈克尔·戴尔：个人电脑产业的革新者1 迈克尔·戴尔，1965年2月生，1984年从他得克萨斯大学的宿舍里走上成功之路，以1000美元和一个为大学生提供买得起的个人电脑的想法起家。
世纪研究生公共英语教材十一单元课文与翻译
1.The origins of etiquette-----the convention rules of behavior and ceremonies observed in polite society-------are complex .one of them is respect for authority. From the most primitive times, subjects showed respect for their ruler by bowing ,prostrating themselves on the ground ,not speaking until spoken to, and never turning their backs to the throne . some monarchs developed rules to stress even further the respect due to them. The emperors of Byzantium expected their subjects to kiss their feet . when an ambassador from abroad was introduced , he had to touch the ground before the throne with his forehead . Meanwhile the throne itself was raised in the air so that ,on looking up , the ambassador saw the ruler far above him , haughty and remote在上流社会，行为举止、各种庆典仪式都有传统的惯例，其起因相当复杂，他们的起因之一，是要对当权者表示尊重。
世纪商务英语综合教程第五版基础篇翻译题
TranslationUnit1:Language for Business1.九寨沟以其自然美景吸引了众多旅游者。
（natural beauty）Eg: Jiuzhaigou has capitalized on（利用）its natural beauty to attract lots of tourists.2.你应该利用你的经验，获得报酬更高的工作。
（higher payment）Eg: You should capitalize on your experience to get the job with higher payment.3.这家公司利用优越的地理位置拓展了海外市场。
（geographic position）Eg:This firm expanded the Overseas market（拓展海外市场）by capitalizing on their advantageous geographic position.4.我们要申请商标注册。
（apply for申请）Eg:We’d like to apply for the registration of our trademarks.5.如果你英语口语好,你应在这家美国公司找一份工作。
（have a good command of掌握）Eg:If you have a good command of oral English, you should find a job in this American company.6.在明天的求职面试中你应与面试者保持眼神交流以表示你的自信。
（job interview）Eg:You need to maintain eye contact（保持眼神交流）with the interviewer to show your confidence（展现你的自信）in the job interview tomorrow.7.我们将利用我们的优势卖给出价最高、最好的人。
商务英语综合教程(下册)Unit 11 Investment Demand
Text
Unit 11 Investment Demand
6 It explains why increasing capital investment is the very first symptom of the coming boom, why industries producing means of production are the first to show supernormal stimulation, above all why the consumption of iron increases. It explains the appearance of new purchasing power in bulk and thereby the characteristic rise in prices during booms which obviously no reference to increased need or increased costs alone can explain.
Unit 11 Investment Demand
Text Exercises Related Technical Terms Grammar
Unit 11 Investment Demand
Text
1 What factors will determine the level of investment spending in our hypothetical economy?
2 Now the determinants of investment demand are , if anything ,even more complicated than
商务英语口译 Unit 11 Economic and Trade Policy
New Words &Expressions
New Lecture
• WTO的宗旨：促进经济和贸易发展，以提 高生活水平、保证充分就业、保障实际收 入和有效需求的增长；根据可持续发展的 目标合理利用世界资源、扩大商品生产和 服务；达成互惠互利的协议，大幅度削减 和取消关税及其他贸易壁垒并消除国际贸 易中的歧视待遇。
贸易术语：
英文及缩写 ex works EXW free carri er FCA free along side ship FAS free on bo ard FOB 中文全称 工厂交货 货交承运人 交货地点 卖方处所 风险划分 买方接管货 物后 出口报关 买方 卖方 进口报关 买方 买方 适用运输方 式 各种运输方 式 同上 标价注明 指定地点 同上
New Words &Expressions
• Embed [imˈbed] vt. 把…牢牢地嵌入 He embedded the pilings deep into the subsoil. 他把桩深深打进地基下的土中。 These facts lie embedded in his mind. 这些事实牢牢铭记在他的心中。 • Entail [inˈteil] vt. 使…成为必要 This job entails a lot of hard work. 这项工作需要十分努力。
New Words &Expressions
• Staple [ˈsteipl] n.主要商品；主要产品 adj. 主要的；基本的；重要的 Rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy. 橡胶成了马来人经济的主要产品。 the staple foods of the poor. 穷人的主食 • Supersede [ˌsju:pəˈsi:d] v. 代替,取代,接替 The older models have now been superseded. 较旧的样式现在已经被取代了。
商务英语口译Unit 11 Farewell Party
Part Two
Unit 11 Farewell Party
• L: The Cantonese soup refers to the soup that is cooked for a long time. It is usually cooked with the clay pot.
• Core Skills: • 1、Inviting clients to the farewell party • 2、Preparing the farewell speech • 3、Delivering farewell speech • 4、Toasting for the guest
Part Two
Part Two
Unit 11 Farewell Party
• W: Oh really? It is very nice of you. • L: This is your invitation card. And we will have a dance party
after the dinner. • W: Thanks for your invitation. I will delight to go. • L: Well, should we pick you up at 5: 30? • W: That is very kind of you. • L: Today I would like you to have Shunde Cuisine. It is one of
trade between us. • W: I think we can do more business to our mutual benefit. • D: OK, cheers, for our cooperation and friendship. By the way,
新世纪商务英语本科生商务英语第二版阅读教程2：叶兴国unit11答案
新世纪商务英语第二版阅读教程2：叶兴国unit11答案Unit11Part I Background Information“物流”的英文是logistics,原意是“军事后勤保障”。
二战后，物流的概念被广泛运用于经济领域。
所谓物流，是指从原材料和零部件的采购、装卸运输、转运生产、包装、贮存、配送、销售到最终将商品送达用户手中的整个过程所涉及的各个环节中物品移动的流程形态。
物流活动包括用户服务、需求预测、订单处理、配送、存货控制运输、仓库管理、工厂和仓库的布局与选址、搬运装卸、采购、包装、情报信息。
现代意义上的物流发端于二十世纪五六十年代，成熟于七八十年代，只有不到半个世纪的发展史，但是物流产业被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业，其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志之一。
在当今的信息时代，随着电子商务的不断发展，全球物流产业有了新的发展趋势。
物流业已经成为经济全球化过程中最重要的话题之一。
现伐物流服务的核心目标是在物流全过程中以最小的综合成本来满足顾客的需求。
我国的物流产业正处于高速增长的上升阶段，存在着巨大的市场潜力与广阔的发展前景。
Part II Notes to the TextsText A Supply-Chaining1.I had never seen what a supply chain looked like in action until I visited Wal-Martheadquarters in Bentonville,Arkansas.我从来没看过供应链实际的运作，直到我去参观了阿肯色州班多维尔的沃尔玛总部。
2.These little conveyor belts fed into a bigger belt,like streams feeding into a powerful river.这些小传送带通向一个较大的传送带，就像溪流汇合成大河。
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（2）The party, who sets up a breach of the contract, shall be under a duty to take all necessary measures to mitigate the loss which has occurred.
(4) Questionnaires were distributed to our clients for their completion at the end of a one-month period.
我们向客户们分发了问卷，并要求在1个月内完成。
(5) The main reason for the delay is that they refuse to abide by the original terms of the contract.
造成这次延误的主要原因是他们拒绝遵守合同上所订的条款。
分析上述句子，不难看出，这些句子中使用的都是客观描述性语言，没有一句使用修饰性或表达感情色彩的语言。
II．常用翻译方法系列：定语从句的翻译
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。汉语的定语基本是位于其修饰的名词之前，可是在翻译英语定语从句时我们不能一味地按照汉语中定语的位置来翻译，而是要根据每个英语定语从句所表达的语义关系灵活地将其翻译成前置修饰语、并列句、独立句或相关的状语分句等。两类定语从句在翻译方法上有同有异。
译文：在那人群中，有些人每天都站在那里，站了一个月。
非限制性定语的翻译
1.当非限制性定语从句与它所说明的先行词关系并不很密切而只是起一种补充说明的作用时，一般采用分译法来处理。分译时可重复先行词或省略先行词。例如：
（1）The buyer may cancel its order through a telegram to the seller, which is required to get to the latter prior to the beginning of any shipment.
(1) This report includes a discussion of the facts of the investigation, conclusions, and recommendations.
本报告包括对事实的调查、结论和建议。
(2) You asked me to make a close survey of the damage. The following report is just what you wanted.
月度报告
periodic report
定期报告
preliminary parts
前页部分
priority
优先权，居先
progress report
进展报告
recommendation
建议，劝告
staff report
参事报告
survey report
意见调查报告
synopsis
概要
table of contents
译文：在办公室里,工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编,以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。（定语从句在逻辑上表示目的，因此翻译成目的状语从句）
SECTION 3Vocabulary
audit report
审计报告
feasibility report
可行性报告
formal report
2.商务旅行报告(business trip report)：属于非正式报告，一般以个人名义以备忘录的形式发给上司，其目的是使上司及有关人员了解项目、工作或所参加会议的情况。
2.当句子结构比较复杂时，往往采用分译法。首先分析句子表达了几层含义，然后分别将其译成汉语短句，再根据逻辑关系和汉语习惯排列为完整通顺的句子。例如：
The buyer shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the sellers agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation.
您责成我对这次损失进行认真的调查，现将调查报告呈上。
(3) Having researched the cause of the profit loss, I’d like to submit this report to you for your reference.
基于对利润损失原因的调查，现提交此报告供您参考。
目录
table of illustrations
插图目录
title page
标题页
weekly report
周报告
SECTION 4
1.日常报告(routine report):是指定期或不定期地向有关部门或上级领导对销售情况、生产情况等所做的汇报，最常见的有周报、月报、季度报告和年度报告。其目的是总结评定过去某一时期的业绩，同时跟踪动态及问题。
（1）There are many documents that are to be handled within the validity of the letter of credit.
译文：有许多单证要在信用证有效期内办理。
（2）There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.
正式报告
informal report
非正式报告
investigation report
事件调查报告
justification report
辩护报告
letter report
书信式报告
market search report
市场调查报告
memorandum report
备忘录式报告
monthly report
译文：由于出口有助于国家获取外汇融资用来进口急需的原材料、技术及设备，因此一个国家出口业绩的好坏决定其进口能力的强弱。（定语从句在逻辑上表示原因，因此应翻译成原因状语从句）
（2）In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories.
SECTION 2
I.商务报告的语言特点
商务报告在内容上要讲求客观，忠于事实；观点上要求思路清晰，引证准确；结构上要求语篇完整，布局合理；文体上讲究风格自然,语言正式。有人把商务报告的特点概括为：篇幅可长可短，体例必须规范；内容或繁或简，格式非常关键；题目有大有小，成败全看语言。
首先，商务报告在语句方面的最大特点在于其简洁性，比其他文体更加注重表达效果的准确性、时效性，客观描述性语句较多，不主张使用修饰夸张性语言。例如
商务报告的构成一般可分为：
1.引言（introduction），其中包含职权范围(terms of reference)和执行程序(procedure)；
2.正文（body），其中包含调查结果（findings）；
3.结尾（final section），其中包含结论（conclusion）或建议（suggestion）。
限制性定语的翻译
1.限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，与先行词的关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开。少了它，句义往往不够完整。因此，在翻译这类从句时，需要灵活采用不同的方法将定语从句的意思翻译得准确、通顺。
当限制性定语从句比较短时，往往采用合译法。常把限制性定语从句翻译为汉语的“……的”结构，变成前置修饰语，将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。例如：
译文：违反合同的一方有责任采取所有必要的措施减轻已经发生的损失。
定语从句翻译成定语从句
有些英语定语从句兼有状语从句的职能,在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系,说明原因、结果、让步、假设等关系。翻译时应仔细阅读原文，善于从原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系,然后翻译成汉语中相应的状语从句。例如：
（1）Export which helps to gain foreign currency to import the badly needed raw materials, technology andequipment，decides a nation’s capacity to import.
Unit 11Business Reports
Teaching Procedures:
Call the roll（2 minutes）
Part1: Warming-upquestions(8 minutes)
1.Questions for thought and discussion:
2.Ask one student to givesome examples ofbusiness reportsand their translations.
译文：买方可以通过电报通知卖方取消订货，但此电报须在装运之前到达卖方。（重复先行词“telegram”）
（2）Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.译文：他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。（省略先行词“enterprise and creativity”，用“这”代替）