现代物流管理第十章(英文版)

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Packaging for handling efficiency
• Package design – Product packaging in standard configurations and order quantities facilitates logistical efficiency. – cube utilization can be improved through reduced package size by concentrating products such as orange juice or fabric softener, by eliminating air inside packages, and by shipping items unassembled, nested, and with minimal dunnage. – In addition to lowering transportation cost, the overall practice reduces import duties since substantial value-added is postponed until the product is finally assembled and sold in Europe.
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• the prime determinant of master carton size：The master carton should be large enough to provide handling economies of scale but light enough to facilitate handling by an individual without mechanical assistance. • A prime objective in logistics is to design operations to handle a limited assortment of standardized master cartons. Master carton standardization facilitates materials handling and transportation. • The standardized master carton size was selected to achieve maximum conformity with a high-cube over-the-road trailer, thereby eliminating dead space in stacking. The end result of standardized master carton usage was a substantial reduction in total cost combined with a far more effective materials handling system at both the warehouse and the retail shoe store.
• Packaging for Handling Efficiency
– Package design – Unitization – Communication
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Packaging for handling efficiency
All logistical operations are affected by packaging——from truck loading and warehouse picking productivity to transportation vehicle and storage cube utilization. Materials handling efficiency in all of these situations is significantly influenced by package design, unitization, and communication characteristics.
CHAPTER 10: Packaging and Handling
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Overview
• Packaging Perspectives • Handling
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Packaging perspectives
• Packaging is typically viewed as
– Consumer - marketing focus – Industrial – logistics focus
• Master cartons（主箱） are containers used to group individual products • Containerization （集装箱化） or unitization（单元化） refers to grouping master cartons into larger units for handling • Grouped master cartons are called unit loads
Arriving at a satisfactory packaging solution involves defining the degree of allowable damage in terms of expected overall conditions and then isolating a combination of design and materials capable of meeting those specifications. For package design, there are two key principles. First, the cost of absolute protection will, in most cases, be prohibitive. Second, package construction is properly a blend of design and material.
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Cube minimization is most important for lightweight products such as assembled lawn furniture that cubes out a transport vehicle before weight limits are reached. On the other hand, heavy products like steel ball bearings or liquid in glass bottles weigh out a transport vehicle before its cube capacity is filled. When a vehicle or container weighs out, the firm ends up shipping air in space that can’t be filled with product. Total weight can sometimes be reduced by product or package changes.
Overview
• Packaging Perspectives
• Handling
– – – – – – Basic handling considerations Mechanized systems Semi-automated systems Automated systems Information-directed systems Special handling considerations
Illustration of four standard master carton sizes to achieve modular compatibility
Figure 10.1 Example and Benefits of Modular Packaging
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The important point is that logistical requirements should be evaluated along with manufacturing, marketing, and product design considerations in finalizing master carton selection. Another logistical packaging concern is the degree of desired protection.
• Pacwenku.baidu.comaging for Handling Efficiency
– Package design – Unitization – Communication
– – – – – – Basic handling considerations Mechanized systems Semi-automated systems Automated systems Information-directed systems Special handling considerations
A final logistics packaging concern is the relationship between the master carton size, order quantity, and retail display quantity. From a materials handling perspective, master cartons should be standardized and reasonably large to minimize the number of units handled at the warehouse. For ease of warehouse handling, it is desirable to have retailers purchase in master carton quantities. However, for a slow-moving product, a master carton could contain a substantial overstock for an item that sells only one unit per week but is packed in a case containing 48. Finally, in order to minimize labor, retailers often place trays from master cartons on the retail shelf so that individual products do not have to be unloaded and placed on the store shelf. Master cartons or trays meeting retail requirements for shelf space are preferred.
Naturally, few organizations can reduce their master carton requirements to a one size fits all. When master cartons of more than one size are required, extreme care should be taken to arrive at an assortment of compatible units. Figure 10.1 illustrates one such concept, utilizing four standard master carton sizes, that achieves modular compatibility.