英语文学导论
英语文学导论杨金才名词解释
英语文学导论杨金才名词解释1. Literature（文学）：A form of art that uses language to express ideas, emotions, and experiences. It can be categorized into different genres such as poetry, fiction, drama, etc.2. Poetry（诗歌）：A type of literature that uses language to create an emotional and sensory experience through the use of rhythm, imagery, and sound.3. Fiction（小说）：A type of literature that is based on imagined or invented events and characters.4. Drama（戏剧）：A type of literature that is written to be performed on stage and portrays characters in conflict through dialogue and action.5. Prose（散文）：A type of writing that is not poetry or drama, and usually follows a standard grammatical structure.6. Narrative（叙事）：A type of writing that tells a story, often through a series of events and characters.7. Genre（类型）：A category or type of literature, such as poetry, fiction, or drama.8. Symbolism（象征主义）：A literary movement that uses symbols to represent abstract ideas or concepts.9. Realism（现实主义）：A literary movement that attempts to represent life as it really is, without idealization or exaggeration.10. Romanticism（浪漫主义）：A literary movement that emphasizes imagination, emotion, and individualism, and often deals with nature, love, and the supernatural.11. Modernism（现代主义）：A literary movement that rejected traditional forms and conventions, and emphasized experimentation and individualism.12. Postmodernism（后现代主义）：A literary movement that challenges the assumptions of modernism, and often incorporates elements of popular culture and intertextuality.13. Canon（经典）：A body of literature that is considered to be of greatimportance or significance, and is often studied or taught in schools and universities.14. Allegory（寓言）：A literary device that uses symbolic characters and events to convey a deeper meaning or message.15. Irony（讽刺）：A literary device that uses language to convey the opposite of what is expected or intended.16. Satire（讽刺文学）：A type of writing that uses humor, irony, and exaggeration to criticize societal issues and institutions.17. Allusion（暗示）：A literary device that refers to another work of literature or cultural reference in order to add meaning or depth to a text.18. Metaphor（隐喻）：A literary device that uses a comparison between two things to create a deeper meaning or image.19. Simile（明喻）：A literary device that uses a comparison between two things using “like”or “as.”20. Imagery（意象）：A literary device that uses descriptive language tocreate sensory images in the reader’s mind.。
英语文学导论微课教学设计
英语文学导论微课教学设计英语文学导论微课教学设计课程名称: 英语文学导论教学目标:1. 了解英语文学的起源和发展历程。
2. 掌握英语文学中的重要作家、作品和文学流派。
3. 分析英语文学中的重要主题和文学形式。
4. 培养学生对英语文学的欣赏和批评能力。
教学内容:1. 英语文学的起源和发展- 古英语文学- 中英文学- 现代英语文学2. 英语文豪及其代表作品- 威廉·莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》- 简·奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》- 查尔斯·狄更斯《雾都孤儿》3. 英语文学流派和主题- 浪漫主义- 现实主义- 自然主义- 现代主义教学步骤:1. 导入(5分钟)- 引入英语文学的重要性和学习的意义。
- 激发学生学习英语文学的兴趣。
2. 知识讲解(15分钟)- 介绍英语文学的起源和发展历程。
- 简要介绍古英语文学、中英文学和现代英语文学。
3. 分组讨论(10分钟)- 将学生分成小组，讨论他们对英语文学的理解和认识。
- 提供教师指导，帮助学生树立正确的学习态度和学习方法。
4. 作家和代表作品介绍(20分钟)- 简要介绍威廉·莎士比亚、简·奥斯汀和查尔斯·狄更斯的生平和作品。
- 分析他们的作品在英语文学中的地位和影响。
5. 分组报告(10分钟)- 每个小组选择一个作家和作品，向全班进行简要的介绍。
- 提供评价和讨论的机会，以加深学生对作家和作品的理解。
6. 流派和主题分析(20分钟)- 分析英语文学中的几个重要流派和主题。
- 结合具体案例，详细解释浪漫主义、现实主义、自然主义和现代主义的特点。
7. 课堂练习(15分钟)- 分发提前准备的练习题，让学生在课堂上进行个人或小组完成。
- 鼓励学生思考和分析，在实际操作中巩固所学知识。
8. 总结和反思(10分钟)- 总结本节课的重点内容和学习收获。
- 简要回顾学生的讨论和解答学生的疑问。
- 引导学生思考如何将所学知识应用到实际阅读和批评中。
英语文学导论重点诗歌鉴赏
Life is an Endless JourneyStopping by Woods on a snowy evening is written by Robert Frost，one of one of themost popular American poets in the 20th century. He has won four Pulitzer Prizes and many other honors and is known as "the poet laureate in American Literature".On the surface , this poem is simplicity itself . The speaker is stopping by some woods on a snowy evening . He or she takes in the lovely scene in near -silence , is tempted to stay longer , but acknowledges the pull of obligations and the considerable distance yet to be traveled before he or she can rest for the night .On the sound effect of it.Its rhymes are arranged in the following order: the first, second and fourth lines of each verse rhyme, while the third line of each verse rhymes with the next verse, echoing and connecting with each other; At the end of the passage, all the four lines have the same rhyme (aaba-bbcb-ccdc-dddd). And it's very natural. There's no far fetched feeling at all. It's really a masterpiece.And there is also a iambic tetrameter in this poem.On the figure of speech of it.At the end of the poem, "and miles to go before I sleep" is repeated twice. Using the rhetorical devices of repetition, the poet emphasizes at the end of the article that although he is attracted by the beautiful scenery, he must go on, which strengthens the theme of the poem.On the writing skill of it.The poet used many images in this poem.Such as "Woods", "farmhouse" and "frozen lake" are used to express the poet's inner loneliness and desolation. At the same time, it also shows that although the poet's environment was beautiful, it was also desolate.In conclusion, it is possible to read the entire poem as embodying a moment of hesitation, wavering between two poles but never leaning toward one or the other.And our life is an endless journey,we need to go on.Pay Attention to Details and Return to Our LifeThe red wheel barrow is a famous work of imagist W.C.Williams got a great reputation according to this poem.His poems deeply influenced the works of postmodern American Poetry.This poem describes a scene when taking shelter from the rain. The shelter may be too small for people to hide in, but the red cart is wet. Compared with the things delivered by the poet, the red trolley is very small, which causes a lot of emotion of the poet On the sound effect of it.Generally speaking, poetry is composed of three words andone word line, equal in number, rather neat, catchy to read, with a light sense of rhythm On the figure of speech of it.There is no obvious figure of speech in this poem, but it includes enjambment.Enjambment is the breaking of a syntactic unit by the end of a line or between two verses.The segmentation of each line of the poem depends on a red wheelbarrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens.On the writing skill of it.The poem used sharp,clearimages such as ‘red wheel’,’rain’,’water’,’chickens’.They constitute a concrete, complete, harmonious and vivid picture.Besides,there are contrasts in this poem .Red , white and glazed rain water are the most visually compelling words .The colors stand out because of their contrast with each other :the white chickens contrast with the red wheelbarrow ;the static contrast with the dynamic ;living thing contrasts object without life ; natural object contrasts with man - made object .In conclusion，It ' s like how so many things in life depend on such seemingly insignificant entities . Everything depends on such small things in this world . The only difference is we can ' t see it .The order , shape , and color of what we see is of vital importance .The return to ordinary and daily life is the return to normality and restoration of life .Showing a Sincere Love for NatureI wandered lonely as a cloud is one of Wordsworth's representative works, written in 1804. William Wordsworth，an English Romantic poet, was once crowned poet laureate.He is one of the most important English poets since the Renaissance.It is said that this poem is based on the experience that the poet's brother and sister were deeply attracted by the charm of nature when they went out together.The whole poem expressed the author's love to nature.On the sound effect of it.The poem is basically written in iambic tetrameter. In each section, the first and third lines rhyme, the second and fourth lines rhyme, and the last two lines rhyme. This creates a strong sense of rhythm, which makes the poem smooth as if it is recited in flowing water, pleasant to hear, harmonious and beautiful.on the figure of speech of it.In line 7 , he also amplifies the visual effect by the use ofanother simile " Continuous as the stars that shine . . . " to evoke our sense of " daffodils " with the image of " stars " twinkling on the milky way which is familiar to us all .The memory of the daffodils is given permanence , particularly through comparison the stars . This is in contrast to the transitory nature of life examined in other works .on the writing skill of it.In this poem , the poet also seeks to express his emotions by providing the sense impressions he has through imagery . He depicts a picture in which "a host of golden daffodils ( visual imagery ) fluttering and dancing in the breeze " ( kinaesthetic imagery ) so vividly that it appeals richly to our senses and to our imagination .In conclusion，In the poet's view only in nature can we find the ideal, seek comfort, and find the final destination of human feelings; Only nature can enlighten the feelings of fraternity and kindness in human nature, can soothe people's psychological trauma, and make people get real happiness.So，let's show our sincere love for nature now!Love Conquers Everything and Beauty Lives in the WorldShall I compare thee to a summer's Day is a sonnet from Shakespeare. Sonnet 18 is written by him to his love.In the poem, the narrator compares his lover with summer and thinks his lover is better. He also points out that his lover will live forever through this poem.Shakespeare is not only the most outstanding dramatist in the history of English literature, but also the most important and greatest writer in the European Renaissance and one of the most outstanding writers in the world.On the sound effect of it.The rhyme of this poem is iambic pentameter. There are ten syllables in each line. From the double even sentence at the end of the poem, the first syllable of most steps is weak, and the second syllable is stressed, which is called iambic. For example, "day may", "temperature date", "shines declines", "fast - shade", "ow' st - grow 'st" and "see they" in each line all form rhymes. This kind of pattern is like the light and heavy melody, which brings artistic enjoyment to hearing. It is like the gurgling water, which has light and heavy, slow and urgent, twists and turns, and rhythm is full of changes.on the figure of speech of it.The beauty of language is not only reflected in the accuracy of words, but also in the variety of expression methods. In this short sonnet, Shakespeareuses the rhetorical devices of simile (rhetorical question), which reflects the beauty of language in Shakespeare's poems."Shall I compare they to a summer's Day" uses two rhetorical devices: simile and rhetorical question. Simile is a clear attempt to find out the similarities between the two. The similarity between summer and "you" is that they both embody beauty.on the writing skill of it.In the first six sentences of the poem, the poet praises the protagonist "you as the existence of beauty, but compares" summer "," Jiao Lei "and" hot sun ", because they are not" gentle "," too short "," will be covered ", so the charm of" you "is far better than summer. This uses contrast to highlight the role of "you".In conclusion,this poem depicts that life and nature are eternal harmonious and beautiful existence, arousing our love for life and life. It makes us feel the harmony between man and nature. It is just like the feeling of nature changing, and it holds our good hope. This kind of eternal beauty and true love stored in the soul should be shared and sung by all mankind.。
文学导论英语知识点总结
文学导论英语知识点总结Literary studies, as an academic discipline, encompasses various aspects of the English language and its application in the context of literature. This comprehensive summary aims to provide a detailed overview of the key knowledge points in literary studies, covering areas such as literary history, literary theory, critical analysis, and literary genres. By examining these key knowledge points, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the English language and its role in shaping literary works.Literary HistoryLiterary history is an essential component of literary studies, as it provides the foundation for understanding the development of literature in the English language. This knowledge area encompasses the study of different periods and literary movements, as well as the works and writers that have shaped the literary landscape over time.Key knowledge points in literary history include:- The major periods of English literature, such as the Old English period, the Middle English period, the Renaissance period, the Romantic period, the Victorian period, and the Modernist period.- The characteristics and key works of major literary movements, such as medieval literature, the Elizabethan era, the Romantic movement, the Victorian novel, and modernist literature.- The influential writers and their works from different periods, such as Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, John Milton, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and Virginia Woolf.By studying literary history, readers can gain insight into the evolution of English literature, as well as the social, cultural, and historical contexts that have influenced literary works. Literary TheoryLiterary theory is another crucial aspect of literary studies, as it provides the tools and frameworks for interpreting and analyzing literature. This knowledge area encompasses a range of theoretical approaches and methods for understanding literary works, as well as the various schools of thought that have emerged in the field of literary criticism.Key knowledge points in literary theory include:- The major schools of literary theory, such as formalism, structuralism, post-structuralism, psychoanalytic theory, feminist theory, Marxist criticism, and cultural studies.- The key concepts and principles of literary theory, such as textuality, intertextuality, the author-function, the reader-response, and the role of ideology in literature.- The application of different theoretical approaches in analyzing literary works, such as the use of structuralist methods in understanding narrative structure, or the application of feminist theory in examining gender representation in literature.By understanding literary theory, readers can develop the critical tools and frameworks for interpreting and analyzing literature from various perspectives.Critical AnalysisCritical analysis is a fundamental skill in literary studies, as it involves the evaluation and interpretation of literary works through a critical lens. This knowledge area encompasses the methods and techniques for analyzing different elements of literature, as well as the approaches for writing critical essays and papers.Key knowledge points in critical analysis include:- The analysis of narrative elements, such as plot, character, setting, and point of view, and their significance in shaping the meaning and message of a literary work.- The examination of literary devices and techniques, such as imagery, symbolism, metaphor, and irony, and their role in conveying themes and ideas in literature.- The evaluation of thematic elements, such as the representation of love, death, power, or justice, and their cultural and philosophical implications in literary works.- The development of critical writing skills, such as formulating a thesis statement, providing textual evidence, and constructing a cohesive argument in a critical essay.By mastering critical analysis, readers can deepen their understanding of literary works and develop the skills for effectively interpreting and evaluating literature.Literary GenresLiterary genres are a key aspect of literary studies, as they encompass the different categories and types of literary works that exist within the English language. This knowledge area encompasses the study of various genres, such as poetry, drama, fiction, and non-fiction, as well as the conventions and characteristics that define each genre.Key knowledge points in literary genres include:- The characteristics of different genres, such as the use of verse and poetic language in poetry, the elements of dramatic structure and dialogue in drama, and the narrative techniques and storytelling conventions in fiction.- The examination of sub-genres within each category, such as epic poetry, lyric poetry, tragedy, comedy, the novel, the short story, and the essay, and their unique features and conventions.- The analysis of genre conventions and their historical and cultural significance, such as the development of the novel as a literary form, or the evolution of dramatic genres in different historical periods.By studying literary genres, readers can gain insight into the diverse forms and traditions of literary expression within the English language, as well as the conventions and techniques that have shaped the development of different genres.ConclusionIn conclusion, literary studies encompass a wide range of knowledge points related to the English language and its application in the context of literature. By examining the key knowledge areas of literary history, literary theory, critical analysis, and literary genres, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the English language and its role in shaping literary works. This comprehensive summary provides a foundation for further exploration and study in the field of literary studies, as well as the critical tools and frameworks for interpreting and analyzing literature from various perspectives.。
英语文学导论 Introduction to English智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年
英语文学导论 Introduction to English Literature智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下湖南师范大学湖南师范大学第一章测试1.Decide True or False: L iterature as writing is “imaginative” or fictive, asopposed to factual, true, or historical.答案:False2.What are the Primary Elements of a Plot?答案:climax ;rising action;exposition ;falling action and resolution3.Which of the following can be regarded as a theme statement?答案:The theme of “The Egg” might be “Disillusionment is necessary to theprocess of maturing”. ;Bernard Shaw might suggest in his Widowers’Houses that “Even the most idealistic young man must compromise hisprinciples”4.What are the possible themes of Eudora Welty’s “A Worn Path”?答案:selfless love ;ability of the human spirit to endure conflict and poorcircumstances;racism;compassion and courage5.Decide True or False: Style is concerned not with “what to say” but “how to sayit”.答案:Ture6.What does the narrative voice in Hemingway’s “In Another Country” soundlike?答案:disillusioned and cynical;isolated and detached7.In Aspects of the Novel, E.M. Foster classifies characters into ...?答案:flat characters;minor characters8.What’s true about “indirect characterization”?答案:the author reveals character's personality through its effect on other characters;the author shows us the traits of the character by describing his/her appearance, actions9.What’s true about Gabriel in “The Dead”?答案:He is obsessed with the past ;His character is shaped by frustration,rancor, and disappointment.10.What does the image of “eggs” symbolize in “The Eggs”?答案:ambition;the fragile American Dream;hope and aspiration第二章测试1.The earliest theoretical work on drama is Plato’s Poetics.答案:False2.________________ is the reasoning aspect of drama.答案:Thought3.Negative capability refers to the capability of being in uncertainties,mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason.答案:Ture4.Which word did Portia use to address Shylock?答案:alien5.Kristine Linde is a round character.答案:False6.In what is the theme of love presented?答案:Carnivalesque7.What type of woman is Vivie?答案:A New Woman in some aspects8.To what does Waiting for Godot owe part of its success?答案:The mysterious Godot9.Since it was produced, The Last Night of Ballyhoo has gotten a greatreputation and it was performed in ______ during the Olympic Games.答案:Atlanta10.It was Lala’s ______ identity that led her self-conflict.答案:Jewish第三章测试1.Which of the following tropes is the most central to the art of poetry?答案:metaphor2.Which of the following statements about tone in poetry is NOT True?答案:The speaker’s tone has nothing to do with the author’s personality.3.Emily Dickinson’s poe ms involve perceptions of life, mainly about thetraditional themes in literature, such a ( ).nature;death;religion;love4.Decide True or False: “The jar” in Wallace Stevens’s “Anecdote of the Jar” is a symbol of beauty.答案:False5.Decide True or False: Wallace Stevens is the author of the well-knownimagistic poem “The Red Wheelbarrow”.答案:False6.Decide True or False: William Blake is the author of “London”.答案:Ture7.Who insists that, “the end of writing is to instruct; the end of poetry is toinstruct by pleasing”?Samuel Johnson8.In “Nothing gold can stay”, what are the symbolic meanings of “gold”?答案:Gold represents something priceless.;Gold represents somethingbeautiful.;Gold represents beauty that implicates the state ofexcitement deep inside your innermost heart.9.Decide True or False: Assonance refers to the repetition of the same vowelsound within one line of a poem.答案:Ture10.In which poem Longfellow used very symmetrical syntax with passion toexpress his optimistic attitude towards life?答案:A Psalm of Life。
英语文学导论PPT课件
ß tax incident事件&the visit by the deputation代表团
9
.
Section 2
ß smell in Emily's house & complaints 抱怨 in the neighborhood & actions taken to do away
ß discovery of the murder & her necrophilia(恋尸癖)
13
.
Close reading
14
.
ß Miss Emily's father ß her appearance 外貌and character ß the women in her town ß the attitude of her townspeople ß her house ß visual 看得见的violence: Emily vs.
there.
20
.
The ladies in Jefferson
ß the curious women(p.9)
ß "only a woman could have believed it"(p.9)
ß ladies with mixed feelings(p.14/15)
ß ladies as invaders(p.16/17)
ß Complicity合谋者
ß successors of Emily’s father
22
.
visual violence
ß “to see the inside of her house” 9 ß “a crayon portrait”10 ß “looked back/stared at/ looked him
英语文学导论简答题
英语文学导论简答题英语文学导论简答题1. What is English literature?English literature refers to the body of written works produced in the English language, including novels, poetry, plays, and essays. It encompasses literary works from different time periods and regions where English is spoken, such as England, the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries.2. What are the characteristics of English literature? English literature is known for its diverse range of literary styles, themes, and genres. Some common characteristics include:- Rich language and vivid imagery: English literature often showcases a mastery of language, with writers using rhetoric and poetic devices to create vivid and powerful imagery.- Exploration of universal themes: English literature explores timeless themes such as love, death, friendship, betrayal, and the human condition.- Influence of social and historical contexts: Many works ofEnglish literature are influenced by the social, political, and historical contexts in which they were written. These works often reflect the societal issues and cultural values of their time.- Development of literary movements: English literature has witnessed the emergence of various literary movements, such as the Renaissance, Romanticism, Victorian era, Modernism, and Postmodernism, each with its own unique characteristics and styles.- Representation of diverse voices: English literature encompasses a wide range of perspectives and voices, including those of women, people of different races and ethnicities, and individuals from various social backgrounds.3. How has English literature evolved over time?English literature has evolved significantly over time, reflecting changes in society, language, and literary trends. It has transitioned from Old English, spoken during the medieval period, to Middle English, and finally to Modern English. With each transition, the language and writing styles have changed.In terms of literary development, English literature has progressed from early epics, such as Beowulf, to the works of influential playwrights like William Shakespeare, and the emergence of novelists like Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Virginia Woolf, and many others. The introduction of new literary movements, such as Romanticism and Modernism, also brought about shifts in themes, styles, and narrative techniques.English literature continues to evolve in the contemporary era, with the rise of postcolonial literature, feminist literature, and other diverse voices that challenge traditional literary norms.4. Why is the study of English literature important?The study of English literature is important for several reasons:- Cultural exploration: English literature provides insight into different cultures, societies, and historical periods, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of human experiences and perspectives.- Language development: Studying English literature improves language skills, enhances vocabulary, and fosters critical thinking and analytical abilities.- Appreciation of artistic expression: English literature showcases the creativity and artistic expression of writers, offering readers the opportunity to appreciate and engage with different literary styles and techniques.- Reflection of societal issues: Literature often reflects and critiques societal issues, making it a valuable tool for understanding and examining social, political, and cultural dynamics.- Personal growth and empathy: Reading literature allows individuals to connect with characters and narratives, fostering empathy and personal growth.In conclusion, English literature encompasses a vast and diverse body of written works that have evolved over time. It is characterized by rich language, exploration of universal themes, and the influence of social and historical contexts. The study of English literature is important for its cultural, linguistic, and personal benefits.。
英语文学导论教案
英语文学导论教案Title: Introduction to English LiteratureI. Objectives- To introduce students to the history and development of English Literature- To familiarize students with key literary periods, movements, and important authors- To enhance students' critical thinking skills through analysis and interpretation of literary worksII. Pre-requisites- Basic understanding of the English language- Familiarity with basic literary terms and conceptsIII. Lesson Plan1. Introduction (10 minutes)- Begin the lesson by asking students about their familiarity with English literature and their favorite authors or books.- Establish the importance of studying literature and its impact on culture and society.2. Overview of English Literature (15 minutes)- Present a brief historical overview of English literature, starting from the Middle Ages to the present day.- Highlight key literary periods, such as the Medieval, Renaissance, Romanticism, Victorian, Modernism, and Postmodernism.3. Key Literary Movements (20 minutes)- Introduce important literary movements, such as the Elizabethan Drama, the Metaphysical Poets, the Enlightenment, the Beat Generation, and Feminist Literature.- Provide examples of major works and authors within each movement.4. Notable English Authors (20 minutes)- Discuss influential English authors, including William Shakespeare, Geoffrey Chaucer, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Virginia Woolf, and Salman Rushdie.- Present their notable works and their contributions to English literature.5. Analyzing Literary Works (25 minutes)- Engage students in a close reading and analysis of a selected literary work, such as a poem, novel, or play.- Encourage students to identify themes, symbols, and literary devices employed by the author.- Facilitate a class discussion on different interpretations and perspectives on the same work.6. Interactive Activity (15 minutes)- Divide students into groups and assign each group a specific literary period or movement.- Have each group prepare a short presentation discussing the characteristics, key works, and majorauthors of their assigned period.- Encourage group discussions and interactions.7. Conclusion and Reflection (10 minutes)- Recap the main points discussed in the lesson.- Ask students to reflect on how the study of English literature can contribute to their personal and academic growth.- Provide recommendations for further reading and resources to explore the topic further.IV. Assessment- Assess students based on their class participation, group activity, and comprehension of literary concepts.- Assign a written essay where students analyze a selected literary work and apply literary terms and techniques.V. Additional Resources- Provide students with a list of recommended websites, books, and literary journals for further exploration.- Encourage students to join literary clubs, attend book fairs, or participate in creative writing workshops to enhance their passion for literature.VI. Extension Activities (optional)- Organize a field trip to a local theater to watch a play or a poetry reading event to expose students to live literary performances.- Assign an independent research project where students investigate the influence of English literature on other global literary traditions.Note: The time allocation for each activity may vary depending on the pace and level of the class.。
文学导论the plot
6. Is the ending appropriate to and consistent with the rest of the plot?
2. Complication
发展 Rising Action
---- The part of the plot in which the conflict is developed and intensified.
A building of interest or suspense occurs.
Eg: Shift from president in oval office to a scene from his high school experience
2. Foreshadowing 铺垫，伏笔 ---- A device by means of which the author hints at sth. to follow.
Internal Conflict 内部冲突
---- Moral, psychological, or spiritual struggle within the character itself.
Man versus Self
The protagonist in the story experiences conflict with her or his conscience
Special Techniques of Plot
1. Flashback
倒叙 Retrospect
---- The interruption of a story’s narrative in order to present an earlier scene or episode. A method of Exposition
英文文学导论论文
The Survey of British Literature计科1102班张健学号2011013762Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, it is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. The survey of British literature can be devided into 7 periods.Old and Medieval periods (450---1066)After the fall of the Roman Empire and the withdrawal of Roman troops from Albion , the aboriginal Celtic population of the larger part of the island was soon conquered and almost totally exterminated by the Teutonic tribes of Angles , Saxons and Jutes who came from the continent and settled in the island , naming its central part Anglia , or England.For nearly four hundred years prior to the coming of the English , Britain had been a Roman province . In 410 A.D. the Romans withdrew their legions from Britain to protect Rome herself against swarms of Teutonic invaders . About 449 a band of Teutons , called Jutes , left Denmark , landed on the Isle of Thanet . Warriors from the tribes of the Angles and the Saxons soon followed , and drove westward the original inhabitants.The literature of this period falls naturally into two divisions ,---Religious and Secular . In reading the earliest poetry of England it is well to remember that all of it was copied by the monks , and seems to have been more or less altered to give it a religious coloring.The Song of Beowulf can be justly termed England’s national epic and its hero Beowulf ---one of the national heroes of the English people .The only existing manuscript of The Song of Beowulf was written by an unknown scribe at the beginning of the 10th century and was not discovered until 1750 .The Song was composed much earlier , and reflects events which took place on the Continent approximately at the beginning of the 6th century , when the forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the Scandinavian peninsula and maintained close relations with kindred tribes , e.g. with the Danes who lived on the other side of the straits.Medieval periods (1066---mid-14th century)In the year 1066 , at the battle of Hastings , the Normans headed by William , Duke of Normandy , defeated the Anglo-Saxons.The Normans were originally a hardy race of sea rovers inhabiting Scandinavia . In the tenth century they conquered a part of northern France , which is still called Normandy , and rapidly adopted French civilization and the French language . Their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William , Duke of Normandy , began with the battle of Hastings in 1066 .The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright , romantic tales of love and adventure , in marked contrast with the strength and somberness of Anglo-Saxon poetry . During the strength three centuries Anglo-Saxon speech simplified itself by dropping of its Teutonic inflection , absorbed eventually a large part of the French vocabulary , and became the English language . English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements .The Renaissance Period (mid-14th ---mid-17th century) The 16th century in English was a period of the breaking up of feudal relations and the establishing of the foundations of capitalism .Manufactories were developing and the wool trade was rapidly growing in bulk . The enclosure of commons drove thousands of peasants off their lands and many of them settled in towns .New social and economic conditions brought about great changes in the development of science and art .Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the Renaissance .The greatest of all English authors , William Shakespeare belongs to those rare geniuses of mankind who have become landmarks in the history of world culture . The works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism , a masterhand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations .His first original play written in about 1590 was King HenryⅥ,parts two and three , the first part having been written earlier by another dramatist and only retouched by Shakespeare . During the twenty-two years of his literary work he produced 37 plays , two narrative poems and 154 sonnets .His literary work may be divided into three major periods : the first period from 1590 to 1600 , the second from 1601 to 1608 , and the third from 1609 to 1612 .Hamlet is considered to be summit of Shakespeare’s art . It was written in 1602-1620 and first published in 1603 . Shakespeare took a certain story of Prince Amleth from old sources which can be traced to the 12th century .Under Shakespeare’s pen the medieval story assumed new meaning and significance . Danish names could not hide from the spectators and readers the fact that it was English which the great writer described in his play . The whole tragedy is permeated with the spirit of Shakespeare’s own time . Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary life .A study of Bacon takes us beyond the limits of the reign of Elizabeth , but not beyond the continued influences of that reign . Bacon belongs with Sidney and Raleigh in that group of Elizabethans who aimed to be men of affairs , politicians , reformers ,explorers , rather than writers of prose or poetry . He was of noble birth , and from an early age was attached to Elizabeth’s court . Bacon was the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon , Lord Keeper of the Seal , and of the learned Ann Cook ,sister-in-law to Lord Burleigh , greatest of the queen’s statesmen . From these connections , as well as from native gift , he was attracted to the court , and as a child was called byElizabeth her “Little Lord Keeper” .On a December day in 1680 , while Shakespeare was still writing his great plays , another great English poet was born in London . He was John Milton .Milton’s father made a business of preparing law papers , and was a prosperous man . He was a prosperous man .He was a Puritan , but not so harsh as most of the Puritans of his day , for he loved music and taught his boy to love it . He also loved books , and young John Milton began to show , when a very small boy , that he loved them , too . His father had a private teacher for him , and when scarcely more than ten years old the boy wrote good verses and sat up later than was good for him over his studies .The Neoclassical Period(1660-1700)The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous periods in English history . It was a period when absolute monarchy impeded the further development of capitalism in English and the bourgeoisie could no longer bear the sway of landed nobility . The contradictions between the feudal system and the bourgeoisie had reached its peak and resulted in a revolutionary outburst .To Defoe is often given the credit for discovery of the modern novel ; but whether or not he deserves that honour is an open question . Even a casual reading of Robinson Crusoe (1719), which generally heads the list of modern fiction , shows that this exciting tale is largely an adventure story , rather than the study of human character which Defoe probably intended it to be .The drama of the eighteenth century was extensive , but very little of it has permanent literary or acting value . We have noted the dramatic work of Addison and Steele in the early part of the century . Within the Age of Johnson several men tried their hands at dramatic work . Thomson , the poet , wrote dramas which are now all but forgotten . Young produced a tragedy called The Revenge . Johnson , who appears in all forms of literature , was the author of a cold and stately classical tragedy named Irene . Fielding wrote a number of comedies before he found his true vocation as a novelist , but none of them would have preserved his fame to posterity . Of the many minor dramatists there is no occasion to speak . Only two men , Goldsmith and Sheridan , produced works which are of high literary quality and which still retain their interest upon the stage . Goldsmith’s two comedies The Good-Natured Man and She Stoops to Conquer , having already received due attention , and it only remains to speak briefly of the dramatic works of Sheridan.The Romantic Period (1798---1832)Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in English early in the latter half of the 18th century . It first made its appearance in English as a renewed interest in medieval literature . The movement was ushered by Thomas Percy , James Macpherson and Thomas Chatterton . William Blake and Robert Burns represented the spirit of what is usually called Pre-Romanticism .George Gordon , Lord Byron , was born in 1788 , of a noble family notorious for their passionate temper , their amatory adventures , and their thriftlessness . To his extraordinary physical beauty , his lameness added a touch of pathos . Personal fascination was his from the first . He mastered his little world of school-fellows atHarrow with the same power of personality which later took captive the imagination of Europe . His first volume of poems , Hours of Idleness , an immature little book , was mercilessly ridiculed in the Edinburgh review . Byron nursed his revenge , and in 1809 he published a vigorous onslaught upon his critics , entitled English Bards and Scotch Reviewers .This poem is written in the manner of Pope , for whom Byron always professed admiration , and is not unworthy of his school , either in mastery of the heroic couplet or in energy of satire . It is significant that Byron’s first performance should have been conceived in a satiric vein , and educed by a blow to his personal pride .Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in 1972 , just when the eyes of all Europe were fixed in hope and fear upon France , and the stars fought in their courses for the triumph of a new order . The short remainder of his life is marked by many great poems , some of considerable length , like the Sensitive Plant and Adonais ; others shorter , among them the wonderful Old to the West Wind , and the best known of all Shelley’s lyrics , To a Sky Lark .The Victorian Period (1836---1901)The precisian may limit the Victorian period to the years between the Queen’s accession in 1837 and her dearth in 1901 , but a new era really began with the passage of the Reform Bill in 1832 and closed at the end of the Boer War in 1902 . The seven decades between these two dates are often divided into three phrases of national life , what is called the “Mid-Victorian”period being considered as embracing the years 1855 to 1879 from the ascendancy of Palmerston to the great economic depression .Out of the vast host of Victorian novelists , the three greatest , Dickens , Thackeray , and George Eliot , will be selected for special study . The first of these to achieve fame was Charles Dickens . This man , who was to become a great portrayer of child life , had a sad , painful childhood . His industry was tremendous , and before Pickwick was finished , Oliver Twist , 1837—1838 , began to appear in a monthly magazine .Charlotte and Emily Bronte were born in Thornton , Yorkshire , but they were undoubtedly of Celtic blood , for their mother came from Cornwall and their father was born in Ireland . Charlotte set to work on a new novel , Jane Eyre , which was published in August , 1847 . This poetic , imaginative story of the love of a young governess for her married employer also has undoubted connections with Charlotte’s experiences in Brussels . It was an immediate success with both readers and most of the critics . Emily and Anne had been more successful in getting their first novels accepted , and in December , 1847 , a joint book appeared , containing Anne’s Agnes Grey and Emily’s only novel , Wuthering Heights ; neither work attracted much attention . Like Jane Eyre , they were published under the sister’s pseudonyms .Twentieth Century LiteratureThe long and progressive reign of Queen Victoria came to a climax in the Diamond Jubilee Year , a time of peace and plenty when the British Empire seemed to be at the summit of its power and security . Of the discord that soon followed we shall here note only two factors which had large influence on contemporary English literature .Only a nation that enters on a dangerous course with eyes wide open has any chance of a safe way out , and the imperialistic nations were all alike blind . An inevitable result was the First World War and the greater horror of a Second World War , the two calamities being different acts of the same tragedy of imperialism , separated only by a breathing spell .Another factor that influenced literature for the worse was a widespread demand for social reform of every kind ; not slow and orderly reform , which is progress , but immediate and intemperate reform , which breeds a spirit of rebellion and despair .。
英语文学导论 慕课
英语文学导论慕课第一章：在这门英语文学导论的慕课中，我们将深入探讨英语文学的精髓和发展历程。
通过对各个时期、流派及其代表作品的分析，我们将揭示英语文学如何反映了人类文化、社会和个体经验的多样性。
本课程旨在帮助学习者理解英语文学的演变过程，以及不同文学作品背后的文化背景和艺术技巧。
第二章：古典文学的起源与发展古典英语文学是英语文学发展的开端，其影响深远而持久。
我们将探讨从中世纪的抒情诗到文艺复兴时期的戏剧，以及其中的代表作品和主要创作者。
通过分析莎士比亚、斯宾塞和其他重要作家的作品，我们将理解古典文学如何塑造了后来时期的文学风格和主题。
第三章：文艺复兴与启蒙时代文艺复兴和启蒙时代是英语文学史上的关键时期，标志着人类对知识、理性和个人权利的重新审视。
我们将研究约翰·米尔顿、约翰·德·福、威廉·莎士比亚等作家的作品，探讨这一时期的文学特征和思想发展，以及其对后续文学运动的影响。
第四章：浪漫主义与维多利亚时代浪漫主义和维多利亚时代的英国文学反映了个体情感、自然景观和社会变革的复杂关系。
我们将分析浪漫主义诗人如何通过作品表达个人情感和对自然的敬畏，以及查尔斯·狄更斯、艾米丽·勃朗特等小说家如何描绘社会的种种不平等与人性的复杂性。
第五章：现代主义与战后文学现代主义文学在20世纪初追求形式革新和主题的多样性。
我们将探讨弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、T·S·艾略特等现代主义作家如何通过内心独白、流派意识和文学实验来挑战传统文学形式和观念。
战后文学如何在全球化背景下探讨身份认同、战争后果和文化冲突也将成为我们研究的焦点。
第六章：当代英语文学的多样性当代英语文学涵盖了来自世界各地的作家和多元化的文学风格。
我们将探讨后殖民文学、女性主义文学、跨文化文学和环境文学等多种流派，分析作品中的语言、符号和主题如何反映出全球化时代的复杂性和多样性。
第七章：通过本课程的学习，希望学习者能够全面理解英语文学的发展脉络和主要作品的文化意义。
英语文学导论期末考试试卷
一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪位作家被誉为“英国文学之父”？A. William ShakespeareB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. Jane AustenD. Charles Dickens2. 以下哪部作品被认为是英国文学史上第一部小说？A. "The Canterbury Tales"B. "Pride and Prejudice"C. "Great Expectations"D. "Don Quixote"3. 在以下哪部作品中，作者通过描述一个虚构的岛屿来探讨社会、政治和人性问题？A. "Utopia"B. "The Tempest"C. "The Great Gatsby"D. "1984"4. 以下哪位作家是英国浪漫主义文学的代表人物之一？A. William WordsworthB. Emily BrontëC. Thomas HardyD. John Keats5. 以下哪部作品是英国维多利亚时期最著名的哥特式小说之一？A. "Dracula"B. "Jane Eyre"C. "Wuthering Heights"D. "Oliver Twist"6. 在以下哪部作品中，作者通过描绘一个小镇的生活来反映社会问题？A. "Wuthering Heights"B. "Great Expectations"C. "Middlemarch"D. "To Kill a Mockingbird"7. 以下哪位作家是20世纪英国文学的代表人物之一？A. Virginia WoolfB. James JoyceC. Aldous HuxleyD. D.H. Lawrence8. 在以下哪部作品中，作者通过描述一个家庭的悲剧来探讨爱与死亡的主题？A. "Wuthering Heights"B. "Madame Bovary"C. "The Great Gatsby"D. "The Catcher in the Rye"9. 以下哪位作家是20世纪美国文学的代表人物之一？A. F. Scott FitzgeraldB. Ernest HemingwayC. J.D. SalingerD. John Steinbeck10. 在以下哪部作品中，作者通过描述一个人物的内心世界来探讨孤独和自我认同的问题？A. "The Great Gatsby"B. "The Catcher in the Rye"C. "On the Road"D. "1984"二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚的______剧作。
2020智慧树,知到《英语文学导论》章节测试答案
2020智慧树,知到《英语⽂学导论》章节测试答案2020智慧树，知到《英语⽂学导论》章节测试答案第⼀章单元测试1、单选题：Decide True or False: Literature as writing is “imaginative” or fictive, as opposed to factual, true, or historical.选项：A:TureB:False答案: 【False】2、多选题：What are the Primary Elements of a Plot?选项：A:expositionB:falling action and resolutionC:rising actionD:climax答案: 【exposition ;falling action and resolution;rising action;climax 】3、多选题：Which of the following can be regarded as a theme statement?选项：A:The theme of“The Egg” might be“Disillusionment is necessary to the process of maturing”.B:Bernard Shaw might suggest in his Widowers” Houses that “Even the most idealistic young man must compromise his principles”C:Disillusionment and psychological paralysis in“The Dead”.D:The protagonist Gabriel suffered a psychological breakdown in the end of the story.答案: 【The theme of“The Egg” might be“Disillusionment is necessary to the process of maturing”. ;Bernard Shaw might suggest in his Widowers” Houses that“Even the most idealistic young man must compromise his principles”】4、多选题：What are the possible themes of Eudora Welty”s“A Worn Path”?选项：A:racismB:ability of the human spirit to endure conflict and poor circumstancesC:selfless loveD:compassion and courage答案: 【racism;ability of the human spirit to endure conflict and poor circumstances;selfless love ;compassion and courage】5、单选题：Decide True or False: Style is concerned not with“what to say” but“how to say it”.选项：A:TureB:False答案: 【Ture】6、多选题：What does the narrative voice in Hemingway”s“In Another Country” sound like?选项：A:disillusioned and cynicalB:objective and calmC:cold and relentlessD:isolated and detached答案: 【disillusioned and cynical;isolated and detached】7、多选题：In Aspects of the Novel, E.M. Foster classifies characters into …?选项：A:major charactersB:minor charactersC:flat charactersD:round characters答案: 【minor characters;flat characters】8、多选题：What”s true about“indirect characterization”?选项：A:the author reveals character's personality through its effect on other charactersB:the author shows us the traits of the character by describing his/her appearance, actionsC:the author state explicitly the character”s traitsD:the author tells us what he or she wants us to know about the character答案: 【the author reveals character's personality through its effect on other characters;the author shows us the traits of the character by describing his/her appearance,actions】9、多选题：What”s true about Gabriel in“The Dead”?选项：A:He loves his country and is proud of its culture.B:His character is shaped by frustration, rancor, and disappointment.C:He finds no genuine joy or pleasure in life.D:He is obsessed with the past答案: 【His character is shaped by frustration, rancor, and disappointment.;He is obsessed with the past 】10、多选题：What does the image of“eggs” symbolize in“The Eggs”?选项：A:love and happinessB:the fragile American DreamC:ambitionD:hope and aspiration答案: 【the fragile American Dream;ambition;hope and aspiration】第⼆章单元测试1、单选题：The earliest theoretical work on drama is Plato”s Poetics.选项：A:TureB:False答案: 【False】2、单选题：________________ is the reasoning aspect of drama.选项：A:SpectacleB:ThoughtC:Diction答案: 【Thought】3、单选题：Negative capability refers to the capability of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason.选项：A:TureB:False答案: 【Ture】4、单选题：Which word did Portia use to address Shylock?选项：A:civilianB:citizenC:alien答案: 【alien】5、单选题：Kristine Linde is a round character.选项：A:FalseB:Ture答案: 【False】6、单选题：In what is the theme of love presented?选项：A:realismB:CarnivalesqueC:optimismD:fantasy答案: 【Carnivalesque 】7、单选题：What type of woman is Vivie?选项：A:A traditional woman in most aspectsB:A radical feministC:A New Woman in some aspectsD:An angel in the house答案: 【A New Woman in some aspects】8、单选题：To what does Waiting for Godot owe part of its success?选项：A:The linear plotB:The mysterious GodotC:The characterization of trampsD:The coherent language答案: 【The mysterious Godot 】9、单选题：Since it was produced, The Last Night of Ballyhoo has gotten a great reputation and it was performed in ______ during the Olympic Games.选项：A: Los AngelesB:New YorkC:BostonD:Atlanta答案: 【Atlanta 】10、单选题：It was Lala”s ______ identity that led her self-conflict.选项：A:JapaneseB:JewishC:AfricanD:European答案: 【Jewish 】。
英语文学导论课程设计
英语文学导论课程设计一、课程目标知识目标：1. 学生能够理解英语文学的基本概念、发展历程及主要文学流派；2. 学生能够掌握并运用文学分析的基本方法，对经典文学作品进行解读；3. 学生能够了解不同文化背景下的英语文学作品，拓宽文学视野。
技能目标：1. 学生能够运用批判性思维，对文学作品进行分析和评价；2. 学生能够通过阅读、讨论、写作等方式，提高英语文学表达能力；3. 学生能够运用所学知识，开展简单的文学创作活动。
情感态度价值观目标：1. 学生培养对英语文学的热爱，提高文学素养；2. 学生尊重不同文化背景下的文学作品，培养跨文化交际意识；3. 学生通过学习英语文学，提升人文素养，树立正确的价值观。
本课程针对高中年级学生，结合英语文学导论教材，注重知识传授与能力培养。
课程旨在帮助学生掌握英语文学的基本知识，提高文学鉴赏和创作能力，同时培养他们的跨文化交际意识和人文素养。
通过具体、可衡量的课程目标，教师能够有针对性地进行教学设计和评估，确保学生达到预期学习成果。
二、教学内容本课程教学内容分为五个单元，分别是：1. 英语文学概述- 文学基本概念与功能- 英语文学发展历程及主要文学流派2. 经典文学作品鉴赏- 诗歌、小说、戏剧等不同体裁的经典作品分析- 作家背景、作品主题、表现手法等3. 文学分析方法与技巧- 文学批评理论简介- 文学作品分析的实际操作方法4. 英语文学与跨文化交际- 英语国家文化背景下的文学作品- 跨文化交际在文学作品中的体现5. 文学创作实践- 诗歌、短篇小说等创作方法- 学生创作实践与展示教学内容依据课程目标，结合教材章节进行安排，注重科学性和系统性。
在教学过程中，教师将依据教学大纲，逐步引导学生掌握英语文学的基本知识，学会分析评价文学作品，并在此基础上开展创作实践。
教学内容涵盖了理论与实践，旨在培养学生的文学素养和跨文化交际能力。
三、教学方法本课程将采用以下多样化的教学方法，以激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性：1. 讲授法：教师通过生动的语言和丰富的案例，为学生讲解英语文学的基本概念、发展历程及文学流派等理论知识，帮助学生建立完整的知识框架。
英语文学导论
英语文学导论《英语文学导论》是一门以英语文学为研究对象的学科，它涵盖了从中世纪到现代的各种文学形式和流派。
本文将从英语文学的历史、文学形式、主题和影响等方面进行探讨。
一、英语文学的历史英语文学的历史可以追溯到中世纪，当时的英格兰文学主要是口头传统和宗教文学。
在14世纪，英国开始出现了一些杰出的诗人，如乔叟和兰德尔。
到了16世纪，随着文艺复兴的到来，英国的文学开始迎来了黄金时期。
莎士比亚、马洛、斯宾塞、培根等一批文学巨匠相继涌现。
17世纪则是英国文学的“启蒙时代”，约翰·洛克、弥尔顿等人成为了当时的代表性作家。
18世纪则是英国文学的“古典时代”，著名的作家包括亨利·菲尔丁、亚历山大·蒲柏等。
19世纪则是英国文学的“浪漫时代”，文学巨匠如拜伦、雪莱、济慈、狄更斯、奥斯汀等相继涌现。
20世纪以来，英国文学也有着较大的发展，包括现代主义、后现代主义等流派。
二、英语文学的文学形式英语文学的文学形式多种多样，主要包括诗歌、小说、戏剧、散文等。
在中世纪，英格兰的文学主要是口头传统和宗教文学，包括史诗、传奇、祷文等。
到了文艺复兴时期，诗歌开始成为英国文学的主要形式。
莎士比亚的戏剧不仅成为了英国文学的代表，也影响了全球文学。
19世纪以来，小说成为了英国文学的主要形式，例如狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》、勃朗特姐妹的《呼啸山庄》等。
同时，英国戏剧也有着较大的发展，包括奥斯卡·王尔德、贝克特等的作品。
英语文学的散文也是其中的一大亮点，如埃梅森、赫胥黎等人的作品。
三、英语文学的主题英语文学的主题多种多样，反映了不同的时代和文化背景。
中世纪的英国文学主要是宗教题材，如《坎特伯雷故事集》等。
文艺复兴时期的英国文学主要关注人文主义和爱情，如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
17世纪的英国文学主要关注政治和社会问题，如弥尔顿的《失乐园》等。
18世纪的英国文学则主要关注自然和人性，如亨利·菲尔丁的《汤姆·琼斯》等。
英语文学导论 慕课
英语文学导论慕课英文文档：Introduction to English Literature MOOCThe Introduction to English Literature MOOC is an online course designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the major works and movements in English literature.This course offers a rich and diverse curriculum, covering various genres such as poetry, prose, drama, and criticism.Through the exploration of these genres, students will gain insights into the historical and cultural contexts that shaped English literature.The course begins with an overview of the development of English literature from its early roots in Anglo-Saxon times to the contemporary period.Students will study key literary terms, theoretical frameworks, and critical approaches that are essential for interpreting and analyzing literary texts.They will also engage with the works of renowned authors such as Shakespeare, Austen, Dickens, and Woolf.Throughout the course, students will engage in lively discussions and debates, fostering their critical thinking and analytical skills.They will also have the opportunity to write their own analytical essays and creative pieces, receiving feedback from their peers and instructors.By the end of the course, students will have gained a deeper appreciation for thebeauty and complexity of English literature.中文文档：英语文学导论慕课英语文学导论慕课是一门在线课程，旨在为学生提供对英国文学主要作品和运动comprehensive understanding。
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Emily's house
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"a big, squarish frame house"方木屋 /location位置 "an eyesore难看的东西 among eyesores" the attraction and focus of the town (p.11/16/) the captured house (p.16/17) What does her house symbolize?
Section 2 ß smell in Emily's house & complaints 抱怨 in the neighborhood & actions taken to do away ß death of Emily's father & her delayed disposal推迟处理
Section 5 ß death of Miss Emily with her house violently invaded ß discovery of the murder & her necrophilia(恋尸癖)
Close reading
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Miss Emily's father her appearance 外貌and character the women in her town the attitude of her townspeople her house visual 看得见的violence: Emily vs. townsfolk镇民 voice of Miss Emily the narrator
The ladies in Jefferson
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the curious women(p.9) "only a woman could have believed it"(p.9) ladies with mixed feelings(p.14/15) ladies as invaders(p.16/17) Do they really care about their sister?
Section 3 ß Emily's sickness before dating with Homer barron & passionate 热 烈的love ß the purchase of arsenic 砒霜
Section 4 ß widespread rumors传闻 in the town ß the absolute reclusive 孤独的life of Emily
Pan Jinlian
《潘金莲----一个女人的沉沦史》魏明伦
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剧中人：潘金莲、武松、武大郎、西 门庆、张大户、王婆、泼皮甲、泼皮 乙、泼皮丙 剧外人：吕莎莎、施耐庵、武则天、 安娜﹒卡列尼娜、女庭长、贾宝玉、 芝麻官、现代阿飞、红娘、上官婉儿
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女庭长：按照法律程序进行调解。 吕莎莎：夫妻毫无爱情基础，调解仍然无效呢？ 女庭长：根据《婚姻法》第25条，批准离婚。 吕莎莎：可是紫石街上没有人民法庭，潘金莲出路何在？ 女庭长：她只有三条路可走。 吕莎莎：一？ 女庭长：悬梁投江，快性自杀？ 吕莎莎：二？ 女庭长：终生痛苦，慢性自杀？ 吕莎莎：都不幸，第三条路呢？
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“Daily, monthly, yearly, we watched the Negro…/looking or not looking at us…/their quick, curious glances”16 “looking down at the profound and fleshless grin”17 “we saw a long strand股 of iron-gray 铁灰色的hair.”
visual violence
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“to see the inside of her house” 9 “a crayon portrait”10 “looked back/stared at/ looked him eye for eye/ looked away”14 “we sat back to watch developments/A neighbor saw the Negro man/ we would see her at a window”15
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The female spectators: visual pleasure Spiteful gossips (the townspeople) Observers, commentators, supervisors, interventionists Complicity合谋者 successors of Emily‟s father
Miss Emily: a spectacle
Three kinds of gaze ß Her father‟s portrait: an eye of patriarchal 家长的power/the townspeople from the same perspective ß The female gaze ß The gaze of the readers: voice/take Emily with a pinch of salt有保留地
Emily's appearance
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“a fallen monument”(p.9)倒下的纪念碑 the deputation's visit(p.10) Emily in drugstore(p.14)
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Symbols for the townspeople Alienated 感到孤独的body Derogatory 贬义的terms: bias偏见 /stereotype陈规旧习
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Shelter居所: privacy隐居/home long past/memory dignity not to be offended fortress堡垒 prison
Emily's fatherLeabharlann ß ßßß ß ß
"a crayon portrait "蜡像(p.10) father clutching a horsewhip马鞭 (P.12) father vs. young men(p.12) the influence of the father(p.15) Emily's dead body& father's face absent & present: HE is always there.
Plot review
Section 1 ß Emily's funeral as a big event ß the house and her distinguished 受人尊敬的 family ß tax incident事件&the visit by the deputation代表团
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power asymmetry in film/women objectified 使具体化in film because heterosexual异性恋的 men were in control of the camera/ voyeurism(窥淫癖) and scopophilia(窥视)/influential in feminist film theory and media studies/curves 曲 线of a woman's body / an erotic性欲的 object for characters within &the spectators without/ passive to the active gaze from the man/gazer vs. gazed
Emily the gazed in the house ß An eye for an eye ß A battle for visual power ß An object to be a subject ß Woman warrior
Emily‟s voice
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Role-play: If you were Emily, how would you tell your story? The silenced heroine女主角: voice vs.silence Theater 剧场of the absurd(荒诞剧):
A Rose For Emily
William Faulkner 威廉.福克斯
William Faulkner
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His growth:Born in a wealthy family, Mississippi/ "the American Deep South"/rise and fall/"a Faulknerian world"/nostalgia(怀旧 )/impending doom即将发生的命运 His creation: family history/prototypes原型/ the town of Oxford(Jefferson)/His greatgrandfather, William Clark Falkner(Colonel Sartoris) /Mary Louise Neilson & Jack Barrona, Yankee street paver 铺路工(Emily &Homer)
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