哥特式教堂的一些术语和词汇

最近在构建一个分类资料夹，为了得到详实全面的图片信息，我了解这些名词和术语的英文就十分重要。以下没有逐字翻译，释义方面看中文书籍就可以了，我也找了一些配图，便于感性认识。把部分成果弄出来，与我的网友们一起分享一下。

The Vocabulary of Gothic Architecture

1. Pinnacle: A sharply pointed ornament capping the piers墩；支柱or flying buttresses飞扶壁; also used on cathedral facades. 1.房顶尖塔，支墩或飞扶壁顶上的尖尖的装饰物；也用于大教堂的外墙。

2. Flying buttresses: Masonry struts that transfer the thrust of the nave殿堂vaults拱顶across the roofs of the side aisles and ambulatory to a tall pier rising above the church's exterior wall. Compare the cross-section of Beauvais Cathedral.

2.飞扶壁：也称扶拱垛

3. Vaulting web: The masonry blocks that fill the area between the ribs of a groin vault.

4. Diagonal rib: In plan, one of the ribs that form the X of a groin vault.

对角拱柱（十字肋）（A diagonal rib of a Gothic vault. 哥特式穹顶的对角拱柱）

5. Transverse rib: A rib that crosses the nave（教堂）殿堂；中殿or aisle走廊at a 90-degree angle.

横肋， rib拱肋

6. Springing:The lowest stone of an arch; in Gothic vaulting, the lowest

a diagonal or transverse rib.

拱底石。拱的最底下的石头。在哥特式的穹顶中，指十字肋或者横肋的最底的石头。

7. Clerestory:The windows below the vaults that form the nave elevation's level. By using flying buttresses and rib vaults on pointed arches, Gothic a

could build huge clerestory windows and fill them with stained glass held by ornamental stonework called tracery.

8. Oculus: A small round window.

9. Lancet: A tall, narrow window crowned by a pointed arch.

又窄又高有个尖拱的窗。细长的窗户被称为“柳叶窗”，圆形的则被称为“玫瑰窗”

10. Triforium:The story in the nave elevation consisting of arcades, usuall but occasionally filled with stained glass).

11. Nave arcade: The series of arches supported by piers separating the nave fr side aisles.

中殿连拱，一组由支柱支撑的拱，分开了中殿和侧廊。

12. Compound pier with shafts (responds): Also called the cluster pier, a pier w group, or cluster, of attached shafts, or responds, extending to the springing of vaults（composite pier） pier 墩

附加

Four common types of vault. A barrel vault (also called a cradle vault, tunnel va wagon vault) has a semicircular cross section. A groin (or cross) vault is forme perpendicular intersection of two barrel vaults. A rib (or ribbed) vault is suppor series of arched diagonal ribs that divide the vault’s surface into panels. A fan v composed of concave sections with ribs spreading out like a fan.

Pointed arch尖拱

groin vault 交叉拱

norman arch 诺曼式拱券

molding 线脚装饰线

rib 拱肋

facade正面外墙

ambulatory半圆回廊

apse(尤指)教堂半圆形的后殿

chapel礼拜堂

cathedral 天主教堂，大教堂

church （泛指）教堂

altar 圣坛祭坛

capital柱头