[考研类试卷]英语专业语言学(综合)模拟试卷9.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷9
一、简答题
1 Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show that you understand the ambiguity involved:
Example; Smoking grass can be nauseating.
a. Putting grass in a pipe and smoking it can make you sick.
b. Fumes from smoldering grass can make you sick.
Terry loves his wife and so do I.
They said she would go yesterday.
(3)The governor is a dirty street fighter.
The design has big squares and circles.
1 Explain the semantic ambiguity of the following sentences by providing two or more sentences that paraphrase the multiple meanings. Example: She can't bear children can mean either She can't give birth to children or She can't tolerate children.
2 He waited by the bank.
3 Is he really that kind?
4 We bought her dog biscuits.
5 He saw that gasoline can explode.
6 Fifty soldiers shot three wild foxes.
7 He saw her drawing pencils.
8 Two relations involving word meaning are antonymy and synonymy. Which relation is illustrated in each of the pairs of words below?
flourish - thriveintelligent - stupid(3)casual - informal
young-olduncle-auntintelligent - able
flog - whipdrunk - sober
9 What connotations or connotative meanings do you think the following nouns have in English? charity iron mole snow street
9 Some of the sets of terms below form semantic fields. For each set:
a. acquire, buy, collect, hoard, win, inherit, steal
b. whisper, talk, narrate, report, tell, harangue, scribble, instruct, brief
c. road, path, barn, way, street, freeway, avenue, thoroughfare, interstate, method
d. stench, smell, reek, aroma, bouquet, odoriferous, perfume, fragrance, scent, olfactory
10 Identify the words that do not belong to the same semantic field as the others in the set.
11 Identify the superordinate term of the remaining semantic field, if there is one(it may be a word in the set).
12 Determine whether some terms are less marked than others, and justify your claim.
13 Identify which of the following may be considered to have or to be homographs, homophones, homonyms or polysemy:
sea break line ear prayer mature trace house
14 What are the differences between less marked and more marked terms in the same semantic field?
14 For each group of words given below, state what semantic feature or features distinguish between the classes of(a)words and(b)words. If asked, also indicate a semantic feature shared by both the(a)words and the(b)words.
Example; a. widow, mother, sister, aunt, maid
b. widower, father, brother uncle, valet The(a)and(b)words are "human". The(a)words are "female" and the(b)words are "male".
15 a. bachelor, man, son, paperboy, pope, chief b. bull, rooster, drake, ram
The(a)and(b)words are______
The(a)words are______
The(b)words are______
16 a. ask, tell, say, talk, converse
b. shout, whisper, mutter, drawl, holler
The(a)and(b)words are______
The(a)words are______
The(b)words are______
17 a. walk, run, skip, jump, hop, swim
b. fly, skate, ski, ride, cycle, canoe, hang-glide
The(a)and(b)words are______
The(a)words are______
The(b)words are______
18 What are the deictic expressions in the following utterance? I'm busy now so you can't do that here. Come back tomorrow.
19 What are the anaphoric expressions in the following utterance? Dr. Dang gave Jane some medicine after she asked him for it.
20 What is one obvious presupposition of a speaker who says;
Where did he buy the beer?
Your watch is broken.
(3)We regret buying that car.
21 Someone stands between you and the TV set you were watching, so you decide to say one of the following. Identify which would be direct and which would be indirect speech acts.
Move!
You're in the way.
(3)Could you sit down?
I can't see anything.
Please get out of the way.
22 What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?
23 Which maxim does this speaker seem to be particularly careful about: Well, to be quite honest, I don't think she is ill today.
24 How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the actions performed by the speakers? .
Carol; Are you coming to the party tonight?
Lara; I've got an exam tomorrow.
25 What is meant by the term "cohesion" in the study of discourses?
26 Say what one is replacing in the following text.
A group of people marching on the road should keep to the left. There should be look-outs in front and at the back wearing reflective clothing at night and fluorescent clothing
by day. At night the look-out in front should carry a white light and the one at the back should carry a bright red light visible from the rear.
27 Pick out all the instances of discourse reference in the following text.
At one point the Brundtland report states that " The loss of plant and animal species can greatly limit the options of future generations; so sustainable development requires the conservation of plant and animal species". What, all of them? At what price? ... At another point the Brundtland report says that economic growth and development obviously involve changes in the physical ecosystem. " Every ecosystem everywhere cannot be preserved intact. " Well, that's a relief. But how can it be made consistent with the earlier objective? Does it mean that it is all right to deprive some people in some parts of the world of a piece of their ecosystem but not others? What justification is there for this discrimination?。