中考定语从句讲解与专题训练

专题训练：定语从句( The Attributive Clause).

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定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句。

被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常跟在先行词之后，由关系词（that, which, who, whom, whose等）引出，因此，定语从句有可称为关系分句。

Eg. The woman who is standing by the classroom is our English teacher.

站在教室旁边的那个女人是我们的英语老师。

This is the room where Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。

关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who 代替人作用：1. 做主语eg. The girl who plays the piano well is her daughter.

那个弹钢琴的女孩是她的女儿。

2. 作表语eg. He is no longer the man who he used to be.

他不再是以前那个人了。

2.whom 代替人作用：1. 动词宾语eg. He is the very man whom I want to see.

他正是我想要见的那个人。

2. 介词宾语eg. The man with whom she was traveling is her

boyfriend.

跟她一起旅行的那个人是她的男朋友。

3. whose 代替人或物作用：从句中某名词的定语。

Eg. She is looking after the little child whose parents have gone to London.

她在照看其父母去了伦敦的那个小孩。

He lives in the room whose windows face south.

他住在窗户面朝南的那个房间。

3.that 代替人或物作用：

1.主语

eg. The man that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist.

在会上讲话的那个男人是一个著名的科学家。

The train that has just left is for Shanghai.

刚刚离开的火车是开往上海的。

2.宾语

eg. Is this the teacher that you talked about yesterday.

这就是你昨天谈到的那位老师吗？

Is this the photo that you took last year?

这是你去年照的照片吗？

4.表语

eg. She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood.

她不再是她童年时代的那个女孩了。

My hometown is not a polluted place that you think it to be.

我的家乡不是像你认为的一个污染的地方。

4. which 代替物作用：

1．主语

eg. The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

2. 宾语

eg. The computer which I wanted to buy was sold out.

我想要买的那种电脑卖完了。

3.表语

eg. She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was.

她喜欢跳舞，她弟弟从不喜欢。

一些具体用法

1.用who 代替whom 在从句中作宾语，主要用于口语。

2.在口语中，who，whom，which 在从句中作动词宾语时常常省去。

Eg. The boy ( whom ) I mentioned is his son. 我刚提到的那个男孩是他的儿子。

3.当关系代词紧跟介词，做介词宾语时，不可用that，只能用whom 或which。但是当街

次位于定语从句句末时，可用that，也可以省去。关系代词whom和which 作介词的宾语时，介词可以放在关系代词之前，也可以放在定语从句的动词之后。如果介词放在前，则whom和which 不可省，如果放在动词之后，则可以省去。固定词组的介词不能前置。

Eg. This is the house in which we lived last year. = This is the house (that\ where) we lived in last year. 这就是我们去年住的房子。

This is the person ( whom) you are looking for. 这就是不要找的那个人。

4.在下面几种情况下必须用that引导作定语从句。

1.先行词是不定代词，如：all, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything, none等。

Eg. Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

有什么你想要在商店买的吗？

2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。

Eg. This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen.

这是我看到的最好的电影。

3.先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very, the same, the last

修饰时。Eg. I have read all the books ( that ) you gave me.

我读了你给我的所有的书。

He is the only person that I want to talk to.

他就是我想要谈话的那个人。

4. 当并列的先行词表示人和物时。

Eg. They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.

他们在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人和事。

5. 在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复用that。

Eg. Who is the girl that is crying?

正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

Which of the books that borrowed from the library is yours?

从图书馆借的哪一本书是你的？

6. 主句以there be 开头。

Eg. There is a seat in the corner that is still free. 在那个角落还有个作为空着。

注：关系副词引导的定语从句和非限定性定语从句为自习内容。