关于死亡的诗歌,Thomas Gray,Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by 澄_LOST_!
关于死亡的诗歌,Thomas Gray,Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by 澄_LOST_!
[订阅] 关于死亡的诗歌，Thomas Gray，Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by 澄·LOST?!写评论名字 ( 必填 )Email ( 选填,不会在页面中显示 )主页 ( 选填 ) 记住我的信息如何插图、加链接??发?布取消首页爱米胖美食小游戏 | 我 | 朋友群组乱翻帮助注册 | 登录全部LIVE YOUR LIFE尽日灵风不满旗日志 | 照片 | 朋友 | 更多▼回澄·LOST?!的空间首页关于死亡的诗歌，Thomas Gray，Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard写于2008-11-18 12:57:31 1条评论今天早上难得的早起，赶上了久违的英国文学，今天刚好上的是Thomas Gray的 Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ，128行的长诗。
读着读着突然想起海明威的《For whom the bell tolls》，丧钟为谁而鸣？记得上学期20世纪美国文学的老师说，她最喜欢的就是《丧》的开篇，海明威引用了约翰·邓恩一段著名的布道辞：No Man Is an Island 没有人是座孤岛No man is an island, 没有人是座孤岛，entire of itself 独自一人，Every man is a piece of the continent 每个人都是一座大陆的一片，A part of the main 是大地的一部分。
If a clod be washed away by the sea, 如果一小块泥土被海水卷走，Europe is the less 欧洲就少一点，As well as if a promontory were 如同一座海岬少了些一样；As well as if a manor of thy friendOr of thine own,wereAny man's death diminishes me 任何人的死亡都是对我的缩小，Because I am involved in mankind 因为我处于人类之中，And,therefore,never send to know 因此不必去知道丧钟为谁而鸣，For whom the bell tolls:It tolls for thee. 它就为你而鸣！！Mainly by John Donne（1572－1631）翻译：当时我读的那个荡气回肠啊，立马就背下来了，可是一个假期以后就忘光光了，直到今天看到Elegy的时候才恍然想起，没人是一座孤岛。
墓园派诗人托马斯格雷2
11
Poem summary for Stanza 1
• In the first stanza, the speaker observes the signs of a country day drawing to a close: a curfew bell ringing, a herd of cattle moving across the pasture, and a farm laborer returning home. The speaker is then left alone to contemplate the isolated rural scene. The first line of the poem sets a distinctly somber tone: the curfew bell does not simply ring; it “knells” — a term usually applied to bells rung at a death or funeral. From the start, then, Gray reminds us of human mortality.
墓园挽歌英美诗歌欣赏
墓园挽歌英美诗歌欣赏Thomas Gray Thomas Gray was born in London into a broker’s family. He got very good school education, first at Eton and then at Cambridge. He left Cambridge without taking a degree.Thomas Gray was one of the most important poets of the eighteenth century. This scholar and poet was the most famous for his poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard." Thomas Gray was born on December 26, 1716 in Cornhill section of London, England. He was the only child in his family. In 1764 he had an operation from which he never recovered. At the age of fifty-five, Gray suffered a violent attack of gout 痛风in the stomach and finally died in his room on July 30, 1771 in Cambridge, London. He was buried beside his beloved mother at Stoke Poges churchyard, the scene of the "Elegy".斯托克波吉斯(英国英格兰白金汉郡南部村庄，据信为格雷的《墓园挽歌》的背景地)Stoke Poges churchyardHe toured around Europe with Horace Walpole, author of the world famous Gothic novel The Castle of Otranto《奥特兰托的古堡》. In 1768 he was made Professor of History and Modern Languages at Cambridge. In his lifetime, he was known as one of the most learned persons and a very successful poet. He was not sociable. He declined the Poet Laureateship in 1657 and led a peaceful life as a scholar.名作墓园挽歌的作者在所有早期的浪漫主义诗人中,学识最为渊博,性格也最为通达. 年青时,他体质非常孱弱, 是他们家十二个孩子中惟一幸存的一位.他的童年很不幸,父亲很粗暴,并且后来他离开他深爱的母亲,不幸的童年使他的一生在忧郁中度过, 在他的所有诗作中都可看到这种伤感风格.墓园挽歌弥漫着淡淡的忧伤,它是早期浪漫主义诗歌的标志,是那个时代最完美的诗,它属于那个时代.读弥尔顿的深思的人和格雷的挽歌就等于看到了占据英国诗人思想一个多世纪的”忧伤文学”的开端和完美阶段.Comments on Gray Gray’s literary out put was small. He wrote slowly and carefully. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form. His masterpiece Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard once and for all established his fame as the leader of sentimentalist poetry and the spokesman of the Graveyard School.What is an elegy? A lyric poem lamenting the death of anindividual. It is usually formal in language and structure, and solemn or even melancholy in tone.What is the poem’s stanza form? Quatrain 四行诗What is the rhyme scheme of the elegy? abab (the first line rhymes with the third line, and the second line rhymes with the fourth line) What is the meter of the elegy? Iambic pentameter. (each line has ten syllables, an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable; it is iambic. Each line has five feet. )不妨把挽歌的前8行重复朗读几遍，就可以感受到作者高超的诗艺了。
Elegy-Written-in-a-Country-Churchyard-赏析
Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardBy Thomas Gray (1716-1771)1. Type of Work"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" is—as the title indicates—an elegy. Such a poem centers on the death of a person or persons and is, therefore, somber in tone. An elegy is lyrical rather than narrative—that is, its primary purpose is to express feelings and insights about its subject rather than to tell a story. Typically, an elegy expresses feelings of loss and sorrow while also praising the deceased and commenting on the meaning of the deceased's time on earth. Gray's poem reflects on the lives of humble and unheralded未为人所知的people buried in the cemetery 墓地of a church.2. Setting （time and place）The time is the mid 1700s, about a decade before the Industrial Revolution began in England. The place is the cemetery of a church. Evidenceindicates that the church is St. Giles, in the small town of Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire, in southern England. Gray himself is buried in that cemetery. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, once maintained a manor 领地house at Stoge Poges.3. Years of Composition and PublicationGray began writing the elegy in 1742, put it aside for a while, and finished it in 1750. Robert Dodsley published the poem in London in 1751. Revised or altered versions of the poem appeared in 1753, 1758, 1768, and 1775. Copies of the various versions are on the Thomas Gray Archive at Oxford University.4. Meter 节拍and Rhyme 韵律SchemeGray wrote the poem in four-line stanzas (quatrains). Each line is in iambic pentameter, meaning the following:1. Each line has five pairs of syllables for a total of ten syllables.2. In each pair, the first syllable is unstressed (orunaccented), and the second is stressed (or accented), as in the two lines that open the poem:The CUR few TOLLS the KNELL of P ART ing DAY The LOW ing HERD wind SLOW ly O'ER the LEAIn each stanza, the first line rhymes with the third and the second line rhymes with the fourtha The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,b The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea,a The plowman homeward plods his weary way,b And leaves the world to darkness and to me.晚钟响起来一阵阵给白昼报丧，牛群在草原上迂回，吼声起落，耕地人累了，回家走，脚步踉跄，把整个世界给了黄昏与我。
ThomasGrayElegy,WritteninaCountryChurchyard
Lecture 11The 18th CenturyThe Age of Enlightenment in England(II)Thomas Gray --- Elegy, Written in a Country ChurchyardI. Teaching Aim1.The literary trend---Sentimentalism2. Thomas Gray --- Elegy, Written in a Country ChurchyardII. Key Points:1. The literary trend--- Sentimentalism2. Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard by Thomas GrayIII. Difficulties:The sentiment emphasized in the poem.IV. Teaching methods:1.Direct Method & Communicative Method2.Authorware PresentationV. Teaching Procedures:1.Check the assignment2.Authorware Presentation.3. The literary trend---SentimentalismThe prevailing literary current of the 18th century in England is Classicism. But in the middle of the century, a new literary current---sentimentalism appeared, which came into being as a result of bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social reality.The 18th century is called an age of enlightenment, the enlighteners fought against the survivals of feudalism, but some of them vaguely found the bourgeois progress brought with it ruin to the people, and they also found the power of reason to be insufficient in dealing with the social injustice which was held strong, and therefore they appealed to sentiments, or senses as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.The two representatives of sentimentalism to be studied are Oliver Goldsmith and Thomas Gray, The former has the novel The Vicar of Wakefield and the latter, the poem Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard.4.The poem Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard1) The interpretation of the poem2) The themeThe best-known poem in the English language, the poem Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem full of the gentle melancholy which marks all early romantic poetry. The poem is “the most perfect poem of the age”, (P277) which expressed the sympathy for the peasants who were being ruined by the corruption of the town life and the idyll (a simple, happy(adj. immoral, wicked, bad伤风化的，腐败的)period of life, often in the country) of quiet family happiness and the peaceful manners of the village.VI. Homework1.Read The School for Scandals by Richard Brinsley Sheridan.2. Prepare Oliver Goldsmith’s The Vicar of Wakefield.References :1.刘炳善. 英国文学简史. 上海:上海外语教育出版社，1990.2.罗经国. 新编英国文学选读. 北京: 北京大学出版社，2000.3.王佩兰, 英国文学史及作品选读. 东北师范大学出版社,1992.4.王佐良. 英国文学名篇选注. 北京: 商务印书馆,1983.5.杨岂深, 英国文学选读. 上海译文出版社, 1987.。
墓园挽歌
Elegy Written in a CountryChurch-Yarkby Thomas Gray翻译101 陆晓琴10110108Thomas Gray Works Poem AnalyseThomas Gray•Thomas Gray (26December 1716 –30 July1771), was an Englishpoet,one of the mostimportant poets of theeighteenth century,classicalscholar and professor atCambridge University.•born on December 26, 1716•At the age of eight, he was sent to Eton •met Horace Walpole,Thomas Ashton, Richard West•formed the Quadruple Alliance •entered Peterhouse College•left without a degree for a three-year Continental tour•In 1741 returned to London•his father died•moved to the Village of Stoke Poges•Richard West died•achieved his degree of Bachelor of Civil Law in 1743 at Cambridge•In 1768 he became a professor of modern history at Cambridge•died on July 30, 1771 in Cambridge, buried at Stoke Poges churchyard, the scene of the "Elegy"•the graveyard school, estabished his fame as the poet laureateship•he declined the social activities•his literary output was small •characterized by an exquisite sense of form•style was sophisticated and allusiveWorks PoemsOde on the SpringOde on the Death of a Favourite CatOde on a Distant Prospect of Eton College Hymn to AdversityThe Progress of PoesyThe BardThe Fatal SistersThe Descent of OdinThe Triumphs of OwenElegy written in a Country Church-yark•墓园挽歌（卞之琳译）•托马斯·格雷•暮钟声声，宣告白日即将隐去，•牛群悠悠，如清风刮过低洼的草地。
英国文学史-名词解释
名词解释Heroic Couplet: a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, andwritten in an elevated style.1．Renaissance: a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.2．Sonnet: 14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.3．Blank verse: poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. 4．Neoclassicism: the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism. 5．Sentimentalism: it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinking, passion overreason.6．Romanticism: imagination, emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship ofnature.7．Lake Poets: the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake Districtat the beginning of the 19th century.8．Byronic Heroes: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character( enthusiasm, persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron. 9．Realism: seeks to portray familiar characters, situations, and settings in a realisticmanner. This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through thebuildup of accurate detail.10．Aestheticism: an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts. 11．Stream-of-Consciousness: it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrativemode.12．Dramatic Monologue: a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.13．Iambic Pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb. 14．Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.15．Elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type oflyric poem.16．Canto: a section of a long poem. The cantos can be a great poem 17．Ode: a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subjects. Odes are written for a special occasion, to honor a person or aseason or to commemorate an event.Spenserian Stanza: a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc. This stanza was common to travelliterature.18．Metrical Pattern: a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanzas containing four tercets and aclosing couplet. The rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee.文学史中古时期1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》: the natural epic of the English people; Denmark story, alliteration,metaphor, understatements2.Sir Gawain and Green Knight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》3.Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里乔叟）：the Father of English Poetry; The Canterbury Tales《埃特伯雷故事集》（24stories)文艺复兴时期1.Thomas More: Utopia《乌托邦》- the communication between more and the travelerwhich just came back from Utopia.2.Francis Bacon: the first English Essayist; Essays《随笔集》- Of Studies, Of Truth(philosophical and literary works)3.Thus Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.4.Edmund Spenser: Poet's poet; The Fairy Queen《仙后》(to Queen Elizabeth I)5.William Shakespeare:Sonnet 18(Shall I compare thee to a summer's day)17世纪英国文学1.John Donne: the leading poet of Metaphysical school of poetry; A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《分离：莫忧伤》2.John Milton: Paradise Lost《失乐园》（a revolt against God's authority), Paradise Regained《复乐园》（how Christ overcame Santa) ——stories were taken from Bible3.John Bunyan: the son of Renaissance; Pilgrim's Progress《天路历程》(imagination, shadowing, realistic religious allegory)18世纪英国文学Novel：1.the age of reason, classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism (novels, prose, dramas, poetry)2.Daniel Defoe: representative of English realistic novel; Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》(the development of a young man from a naive and artless youth to a clever and hardened man)3.Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels《格列佛游记》(fictional, satirical- human nature, the European Government, the differences between religions, whole English state system)4.Henry Fielding: the Father of English novel; The History of Tome Jones, a Foundling 《汤姆琼斯》，satiricPoetry：5.Thomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》6.Alexander Pope: perfected in heroic couplet; An Essay on Criticism《论批评》7.William Blake: pre-romantic; Songs of Innonce《天真之歌》，Songs of Experience《经验之歌》-London, The Tiger8.Robert Burns: A Red Red Rose《一朵红红的玫瑰》Drama:9.Richard Brinsley Sheridan:Master of Comedy of manners;The School for Scandal《造谣学校》浪漫主义时期1798-18321.William Wordsworth: the Lake Poets; The Prelude《序曲》；I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud《我似流云天自游》；The Solitary Reaper《孤寂的割麦女》；features: poet of nature and human heart2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge: the first critic of the Romantic school; The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》3.George Gordon Byron: vigorous, strong and beautiful; Childe Harold's Pilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗尔德游记》(spenserian stanza, fights for liberty); Don Juan《唐璜》(a broad critical picture of European life); When We Two Parted《昔日依依别》；She Walks in Beauty《她走在美的光影中》；The Isles of Greece《哀希腊》4.Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》-赞颂西风，希望与其紧密相连; Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》(the victory for man's struggle against tyranny and oppression)5.John Keats: sensuous, colorful and rich in imagery; Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》；Ode on a Grecian Urn《希腊古瓮颂》6.Walter Scott: Father of Historical Novel; combine historical fact and romantic imagination7.Jane Austen: wit, dry humour, subtle irony,realistic; Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》(Elizabeth and Darcy)；Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》；Emma《爱玛》8.Charles Lamb: Poor Relations《穷亲戚》; Dream-children《童年梦幻》; A Reverie 《幻想曲》维多利亚时期1.summit：realistic novel2.Charles Dickens: critical realist writer; humour, wit, happy endings; A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》(London & Paris, where there is oppression, there is revolution); David Copperfield《大卫科波菲尔》；Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》；Hard Time《艰难时世》；Great Expectations《远大前程》；Dombey and Son《董贝父子》；Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》3.William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair《名利场》(to satirize the social more, decadence and corruption of his time; to criticize the values measured by wealth)4.George Eliot: novelist, her novels are celebrated for their realism and psychological insights; Adam Bede《亚当比德》(social inequality)；The Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》；Silas Marner《织工马南》5.Alfred Tennyson: succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850; Break, Break, Break 《拍吧，拍吧，拍吧》；Crossing the Bar《过沙洲》6.Robert Browning: dramatic monologues; My Last Duchess《我已故的公爵夫人》7.The Bronte Sisters:Charlotte: Jane Eyre《简爱》：简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性，她生活在社会底层，受尽磨难。
英语学习资料：经典英文诗：墓畔挽歌
英语学习资料：经典英文诗：墓畔挽歌经典英文诗：墓畔挽歌诗人简介托马斯·格雷是英国18世纪重要抒情诗人。
《墓畔挽歌》《Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard》是其代表作。
这首诗整篇充满了淡淡的忧郁，是英国早期浪漫主义诗歌开始的标志。
1750年的《墓园挽歌》不仅仅是他的那个年代，而且是今天最完美的诗篇。
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓畔挽歌Thomas Gray 托马斯·格雷The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,晚钟为告别的白昼敲起了丧钟，The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea,咩咩羊群在草地上慢慢盘桓,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,农夫疲惫地蹒跚在回家途中，And leaves the world to darkness and to me.把整个世界留给我与黑暗。
Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,此刻的大地闪着微光慢慢消退，And all the air a solemn stillness holds,四周弥漫着一片寂静和庄严，Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight,只听见甲壳虫在空中嗡嗡乱飞，And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds;沉沉 *** 为远处的羊圈催眠。
Save that from yonder ivy-mantled tower,只听见那边披着常春藤的塔楼上,The moping owl does to the moon plain,有只忧郁的猫头鹰对月抱怨，Of such, as wandering near her secret bower,怨有人在她秘密的深闺附近游逛，Molest her ancient solitary reign.打扰了她古老而幽静的庭院。
浪漫主义时期英国文学
五．浪漫主义时期（1798年-1832年）托马斯·格雷（Thomas Gray）：“感伤主义”（Sentimentalism）诗人。
“墓园派诗人”(graveyard school)。
代表作《墓园挽诗》（An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard）。
威廉·布莱克（William Blake）：诗人，代表作《天真之歌》（Songs of Innocence），《经验之歌》（Songs of Experience）。
罗伯特·彭斯（Robert Burns）：苏格兰杰出的农民诗人。
作品：《一朵红红的玫瑰》（A Red, Red Rose），《昔日的好时光》（Auld Lang Syne）。
威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）：“湖畔派”诗人（Lake poets），“桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate）。
代表作《独自云游》（I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud），《孤寂的割麦女》（The Solitary Reaper），《丁登寺杂咏》（Lines Composed a Few Miles about Tintern Abbey），《序曲》（The Prelude）。
塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）：“湖畔派”诗人（Lake poets）。
代表作《古舟子咏》（The Rime of the Ancient Marine），《忽必烈汗》（Kubla Khan），《克里斯塔贝尔》（Christabel）。
罗伯特·骚塞（Robert Southey）：最年轻的“湖畔派”诗人（Lake poets），“桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate）。
代表作短诗《布莱尼姆之战》（The Battle of Blenheim），《我与死者做伴的日子已经结束》（My Days among the Dead are Past），《撒拉巴》（Thalaba the Destroyer），长诗《克哈马的诅咒》（The Curse of Kehama）。
Thomas Gray
Early life and educationThomas Gray was born in Cornhill, London, the son of an exchange broker and a milliner. He was the fifth of 12 children and the only child of Philip and Dorothy Gray to survive infancy. He lived with his mother after she left his abusive father. He was educated at Eton College where his uncle was one of the masters. He recalled his schooldays as a time of great happiness, as is evident in his Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College. Gray was a delicate and naturally scholarly boy who spent his time reading great literature and avoiding athletics. It was probably fortunate for the young and sensitive Gray that he was able to live in his uncle’s household rather than at college. He made three close friends at Eton: Horace Walpole, son of Prime Minister Robert Walpole, Thomas Ashton, and Richard West. The four of them prided themselves on their sense of style, their sense of humour, and their appreciation of beauty.In 1734 Gray went up to Peterhouse, Cambridge.[1]He found the curriculum dull. He wrote letters to his friends listing all the things he disliked: the masters ("mad with Pride") and the Fellows ("sleepy, drunken, dull, illiterate Things.") Supposedly he was intended for the law, but in fact he spent his time as an undergraduate reading classical and modern literature and playing Vivaldi and Scarlatti on the harpsichord for relaxation. In 1738 he accompanied his old school-friend Walpole on his Grand Tour, probably at Walpole's expense. They fell out and parted in Tuscany because Walpole wanted to attend fashionable parties and Gray wanted to visit all the antiquities. However, they were reconciled a few years later.Writing and academiaHe began seriously writing poems in 1742, mainly after his close friend Richard West died. He moved to Cambridge and began a self-imposed programme of literary study, becoming one of the most learned men of his time, though he claimed to be lazy by inclination. He became a Fellow first of Peterhouse, and later of Pembroke College, Cambridge. It is said that the change of college was the result of a practical joke. Terrified of fire, he had installed a metal bar by his window on the top floor of the Burrough’s building at Peterhouse, so that in the event of a fire he could tie his sheets to it and climb to safety.Gray spent most of his life as a scholar in Cambridge, and only later in his life did he begin travelling again. Although he was one of the least productive poets (his collected works published during his lifetimeamount to fewer than 1,000 lines), he is regarded as the predominant poetic figure of the mid-18th century. In 1757, he was offered the post of Poet Laureate, which he refused.In 1762, the Regius chair of Modern History at Cambridge, a sinecure which carried a salary of £400, fell vacant after the d eath of Shallet Turner, and Gray's friends lobbied the government unsuccessfully to secure the position for him. In the event, Gray lost out to Lawrence Brockett, but he secured the position in 1768 after Brockett's death.[2]Gray was so self critical and fearful of failure that he only published thirteen poems during his lifetime and once wrote that he feared his collected works would be "mistaken for the works of a flea". Walpole said that "He never wrote anything easily but things of Humour."Gray was also known as one of the "Graveyard poets" of the late 18th century, along with Oliver Goldsmith, William Cowper, and Christopher Smart. Gray most likely knew these men, sharing ideas about death, mortality, and the finality and sublimity of death."Elegy" masterpieceIt is believed that Gray began writing his masterpiece, the Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, in the graveyard of the church in Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire, in 1742, completing it, after several years lying unfinished, in 1750. It is the greatest Elegy in English literature. The poem was a literary sensation when published by Robert Dodsley in February 1751 (see 1751 in poetry) and has made a lasting contribution to English literature. Its reflective, calm and stoic tone was greatly admired, and it was pirated, imitated, quoted and translated into Latin and Greek. It is still one of the most popular and most frequently quoted poems in the English language. In 1759 during the Seven Years War, before the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, British General James Wolfe is said to have recited it to his officers, adding: "Gentlemen, I would rather have written that poem than take Quebec tomorrow". The poem's famous depiction of an "ivy-mantled tow'r" could be a reference to the early-medieval St. Laurence's Church in Upton, Slough.Monument inscribed with the Elegy in Stoke PogesThe Elegy was recognised immediately for its beauty and skill. It contains many outstanding phrases which have entered the common English lexicon, either on their own or as quoted in other works. A few of these include:"The Paths of Glory"∙"Celestial fire"∙"Some mute inglorious Milton"∙"Far from the Madding Crowd"∙"The unlettered muse"∙"Kindred spirit"Gray also wrote light verse, such as Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes, a mock elegy concerning Horace Walpole's cat. After setting the scene with the couplet "What female heart can gold despise? What cat's averse to fish?", the poem moves to its multiple proverbial conclusion: "a fav'rite has no friend", "[k]now one false step is ne'er retrieved" and "nor all that glisters, gold". (Walpole later displayed the fatal china vase on a pedestal at his house in Strawberry Hill.) Gray’s surviving letters also show his sharp observation and playful sense of humour. He is also well known for his phrase,"where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise."This is from his Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College (1742). DeathTomb of Thomas Gray in Stoke Poges ChurchyardGray died on 30 July 1771 in Cambridge and was buried beside his mother in the churchyard of Stoke Poges, the setting for his famous Elegy. His grave can still be seen there. There is a plaque in Cornhill, marking his birthplace.[edit] ReferenceThomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" was first published in 1751. Gray may, however, have begun writing the poem in 1742, shortly after the death of his close friend Richard West. An elegy is a poem which laments the dead. Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" is noteworthy in that it mourns the death not of great or famous people, but ofcommon men. The speaker of this poem sees a country churchyard at sunset, which impels him to meditate on the nature of human mortality. The poem invokes the classical idea of memento mori, a Latin phrase which states plainly to all mankind, "Remember that you must die." The speaker considers the fact that in death, there is no difference between great and common people. He goes on to wonder if among the lowly people buried in the churchyard there had been any natural poets or politicians whose talent had simply never been discovered or nurtured. This thought leads himto praise the dead for the honest, simple lives that they lived.Gray did not produce a great deal of poetry; the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," however, has earned him a respected and deserved place in literary history. The poem was written at the end of the Augustan Age and at the beginning of the Romantic period, and the poem has characteristics associated with both literary periods. On the one hand, it has the ordered, balanced phrasing and rational sentiments of Neoclassical poetry. On the other hand, it tends toward the emotionalism and individualism of the Romantic poets; most importantly, it idealizes and elevates the common man.托马斯·格雷（Thomas Gray，1716-1771）是感伤主义诗歌的代表诗人。
墓园派诗人托马斯格雷1
Sentimentalist Fiction
• Sentimentalist fiction was engraved on psychoanalysis of human mind. • Sentimentalism also finds its voice in English fiction (Richardson; Goldsmith; Sterne). • The representative writers are: Samuel Richardson, the author of Pamela; Laurence Stern, the author of Tristram Shandy and Oliver Goldsmith, the author of
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Graveyard School
• It is a poet school, derived from English sentimentalism, which began in the middle of 18th century. It obtains its name from the poet Thomas Gray’s work “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”. The poets of this school always uses death, tomb as their material. Their works are full of melancholy and sadness. It more reflects the negative side of sentimentalism.
Sentimentalism and Thomas Gray
墓园挽歌英美诗歌欣赏
Comments on Gray
• Gray’s literary output was small. He wrote slowly and carefully. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form.
• His masterpiece Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard once and for all
• Thomas Gray was one of the most important poets of the eighteenth century. This scholar and poet was the most famous for his poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard." Thomas Gray was born on December 26, 1716 in Cornhill section of London, England. He was the only child in his family.
established his fame as the leader of sentimentalist poetry and the spokesman of the Graveyard School.
What is an elegy?
• A lyric poem lamenting the death of an individual. It is usually formal in language and structure, and solemn or even melancholy in tone.
Chapter 13 Sentimentalism and Pre-Romanticism in Poetry
「純真」→ 「純真」→透过孩童的眼光敘述未被社會 污染的纯洁状态 污染的纯洁状态 「經驗」→讽刺令人失望的現实 「經驗」→讽刺令人失望的現实世界
小羔羊，我要告訴你 小羔羊，我要告訴你 他是以你的名字命名 因為他以羔羊爲自己的名 他既溫順又和藹 變成了一個小孩 我是小孩，你是小羊 我們都以祂的名字叫羔羊 小羔羊，上帝祝福你！ 小羔羊，上帝祝福你！
The Chimney Sweeper
(扫烟囱孩子) 扫烟囱孩子)
A little black thing among the snow: 风雪里一个满身乌黑的小东西 Crying weep, weep, in notes of woe! “号呀，号”在那里哭哭啼啼！ 号呀，号” Where are thy father & mother? say? “你的爹娘上哪儿去了，你讲讲？” 你的爹娘上哪儿去了，你讲讲？” They are both gone up to the church to pray. “他们呀都去祷告了，上了教堂。
WILLIAM BLAKE
威廉. 威廉.布莱克 （1757-1827） 1757-1827）
英國浪漫主義畫家、詩人 兼雕刻家 /版画家 A Forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century (浪漫詩人先驅之一) 浪漫詩ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ先驅之一)
BLAKE’ BLAKE’S ART
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Comment on Different Versions of TranslationElegy Written in a Country ChurchyardBy Thomas Gray (1716-1771 )The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. (The first stanza)译文一：暮钟鸣，昼已暝牛羊相呼，迂回草径农人荷锄归，蹒跚而行把全盘世界剩给我与黄昏（郭沫若译）译文二：晚钟响起来一阵阵给白昼报丧，牛群在草原上迂回，吼声起落。
耕地人累了，回家走脚步踉跄，把整个世界给了黄昏与我。
（卞之琳译）译文三：晚钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉，群牛呼叫归，迂回走草径，农人荷锄犁，倦倦回家门，惟我立旷野，独自对黄昏。
（丰华瞻译）Comparing the three Chinese translated versions,I’m inclined to favor the third one.In the first place,it pays more attention to the form of a poem.Each line in the third version has the same number of words,which impresses us by its completely orderly wording.However, the first and the second versions are loosely arranged which are in free style.As the beauty in organization and style are concerned,the third one is distinguished at first glance.As to the content,I would like to put it this way:1)The first line:the curfew tolls the knell of parting day.In the first version,the translation is quite good:it is very concise and to the point;also,“鸣”rhymes with“暝”,which is fairly rhythmic and shows us a poetic picture.Although the second version of this line is faithful to the original,yet the diction is a little bitter casual and colloquial.Besides,I think Bian’s version is rather wordy so that it doesn’t fit in with the rule of a poem that requires of succinctness.As to the third version,it is also concise and faithful to the original as well.“殷殷”depicts the sound of the knell to make it more concrete and vivid.2)The second line:the lowing herd wind slowly over the lea.In literal meaning,Guo’s version is succinct and faithful.But concerning the context,the herd are heading home.The fi rst version of this line doesn’t convey such meaning,while the third one uses “归”,which is self-evident to depict such a situation.In the second version,“吼声”，in my point of view, is not properly used here(Good point.). “吼声” has some kidship with loud and powerful sound,such as a tiger’s howl,but here ThomasGray refers to the herd’s lowing which means relatively lower sound.In addition,this poem is an elegy and thebasic tone is sad and down.“吼”sometimes leads us to think of conquest or fight,which is totally out of place in such a situation. (Good points of view.)3)The third line:the plowman homeward plods his weary way.“Weary” means very tired especially after a long time of work.In the first and second versions,“蹒跚”and“踉跄”，mean walking or moving unsteadily and with great difficulty, almost falling.Sometimes these two impressions have the connotation of being drunk.So, they may lead to different interpretations on the readers’ side.However,in the third version,“倦倦”just hits the nail on the head and brings the situation home to us.4)The fourth line:and leaves the world to the darkness and to me.I have referred to the Internet and learnt that this elegy was written shortly after the death of the auther’s close friend Richard West.The poet at first set a distinctly somber tone:a curfew bell ringing,a herd of cattle moving across the pasture and a farmer returning home. All the scenes imply the idea of expiration.May whoever facing such a situation will can’t help thinking of human morality.As the poet was a sentimental person (I get it from the net), after the death of his close friend,he would inevitably feel sad and trapped in a pool of isolation.“把全盘世界剩给我与黄昏”and“把整个世界给了黄昏与我”，to some extent, convey the meaning of isolation,though they are far from appropriateness when compares with the third version,in which “惟我”，“旷野”，“独自”are used. These three phrases distinctly highlight the poet’s isolation.To put all in a nutshell,either from stylistic aspect or from diction,the third version is more appreciated.This is a poem written by Thomas Grey after one of his friend’s death. The author wrote this poem to lament the death as well as to talk about life so that we? can be comforted. If we go on reading the poem we can find that the poet does not write about a great person. On the contrary he wrote about a common man who died “A youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown”. We can find that the poet made no disti n ction between the great and the the common as far as death is concerned.As for the three versions, I think that each has its advantages and drawbacks. In the translation we must focus on the faithfulness and smoothness, two basic and importantrequirements in all kinds of translation.(Good point.) In the fisrt stanza we can see many signs of a country day drawing to a close —a curfew, a herd of cattle and a farmer trudging home after a day’s work. So as far as the faithfulness is concerned, all three versions have achieved this goal. However the third version has added an image of sunset （夕阳）in the first sentence to make it rhymed. But in the original poem we cannot find such an image. The poet actually sets the setting of the poem in a sunset, but he did not use a quite commonly used cliche to present this setting. The “parting day” itself has the meaning of the sunset but it also has a connotation of the farewell because when we part wi t h something we will say goodbye to it. So the added image in Feng’s version makes it not as good as the other two versions in the respect of faithfulness.As to the respect of the smoothness I think the second version is better because it is rhymed in the abab pattern, as in the original poem . Besides it is very smooth and comfortable to read. The first version’s last sentence is not rhymed on the “ing”. The third version is also not as good as the second version in that it is rhymed in the pattern of abac. Though I do not advocate that the original rhyming pattern should be followed strictly, I prefer the second version for its abab rhyming that can make sentences smoother than the other two versions. To conclude my comparison I would like to draw some attentions to the theme of the poem, which is stated in beginning of my essay. This poem is not only about the sorrow of lamenting the dead, but also about the life. The poet writes the simple life of the dead in great detail in the middle of the poem and describes all the things in a somber tone, not sadly heart-broken. The poem carries with it a feeling of tranquility and quietness. So in this respect I think the third version is superior than the two others. The diction in the third version altogether leaves an impression of loneliness and somberness on me, especially the word “旷野”. The beauty in this version may also be attributed to the Chinese ancient poetical form the author adopted when translating.After taking all three aspects stated above, I feel that the third version is better though it has its own drawbacks. But it is not a big deal(It is an informal expressioin.) It is not easy at all when we consider the difficulty in translatinge an English poem into a typical lüshi, ancient Chinese-styled poem.诗歌是语言和文学的顶峰。
英美文学 - 填空题(记忆版)
II Fill in the blank1.Beowulf was written in 8th century.The existing manuscript of the poem is dated 10th century.The poem tell a story of a 6th century hero.2.Robin hood is a ballad .3.Geoffrey Chaucer is the first famous poet.4.The essence of Renaissance is humanism .The rebirth or revival of classical learning: Greek and Roman learning.It saw the beauty of human form and learned about the importance ofhuman life and human value . Man began to live for his own sake more than5.《乌托邦》)It offers the best ideal social system possible that could be offered at the time and it consists of 26.Edmund Spenser’)Style: epic poem7.Thomas Wyatt introduced the sonnet to the country.8.Christopher Marlow is the preeminent figure among University Wits.He is the greatest .《帖木儿大帝》)9.Ben Johnson is probably the first poet laureate (桂冠诗人).His death mourned as the end of the era (the Elizabethan Age).10.Glorious Revolution is the end of feudal rule of an absolute monarch.11.John Bunyan’《天路历程》) Style: Allegory12.John Dryden13.Thomas Gray’(《墓园挽歌》).It started the tradition of graveyard poetry in English and American literature.14.Richard Brinsley Sheridan is famous for hisHis 造谣学校》)listed as the most important plays in the 18thmade him famous and rich, and ultimately entitled him to a place inPoets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey (威斯敏斯特教堂).15.Oliver Goldsmith was a literary genius.He wrote in three genres including poetry, play and novel .16.The 18th century is a century, when Neoclassicism occupies the dominantplace in Britain Literature.17.The two most representative writers of Neoclassicism are Alexander Popeand Samuel Johnson .18.With William Blake and Robert Burn coming forth eventually on thescene, the stage was well set for a new generation of poets, the Romanticists.19.《天真之歌》)andeyes, those of a.20.)21.Alexander Pope is famous for use of heroic couplet .He cuts off feelings and22.Samuel Johnson23.Daniel Defoe’(《鲁滨逊漂流记》) which is a work of middle class24.Henry Fielding Called as Father of English fiction.His representative novels: Tom Jones (《汤姆琼斯》)and the Foundling (《弃儿》)He is the first writer to define novel as a prose epic （散文史诗）;Novel should be a representation of real life.Novel as a moral inculcation, a mirror and an immitation of nature and life.Truthful in representing the reality of human nature .25.“The child is father of the man” is oxymoron .26.Wordsworth and Coleridge are the most representative writers ofRomanticism.William Wordsworth published the famous Lyrical Ballad,（《抒情歌谣》）a volume verse.Samuel Taylor Coleridge is not only a great poet, but also a philosopher and a critic.《忽必烈汗》）27.Emerson’s a very important part in theintellectual (知识分子) history of the nation.28.Transcendentalists recognized nature as the “highest power of thesoul”29.Mark Twain Wrote most of his literary works with a vernacular language.30.The first autobiography in American literature is written by BenjaminFranklin.。
墓园挽歌修辞分析 4班张熔芳
Stanza 3 Save that from yonder ivy-mantled tower The moping owl does to the moon complain Of such as, wandering near her secret bower, Molest her ancient solitary reign.
• 本段运用的修辞手法有拟人、拟声、移位修饰语、明喻、暗喻、双 关、委婉。 第一句的"morn" (It calls and breathes.) ,这里用了拟人。 "incense-breathing Morn"香气四溢的晨风，这里用了移位修饰。 单词"twittering燕子呢喃"和"clarion公鸡如喇叭报晓"都用了拟声。 "The cock's shrill clarion"这里把公鸡的鸣叫声比作如喇叭一样尖刺 ，用了明喻。 第四句的"bed"用了委婉的手法，其实是指坟墓。同时，这里也用 了暗喻，暗指那些死去的人。用lowly修饰bed，这里的lowly其实 也可以说是暗指农民的社会地位低下。 "bed'有床的意思，在这里指坟墓，有双重含义，所以这里用了双 关。
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Thomas Gray
修辞分析
张熔芳 0433
《墓园挽歌》为四行体诗，由128诗行32诗节组成，每 诗节为一个四行诗句，每句都是由一个抑扬五音步组成 的，韵律为隔行押韵的"abab"，结构匀称，读起来朗朗 上口，不仅在语感上，而且在听觉和视觉上都给人一种 和谐、匀称、流畅的美感享受。 《墓园挽歌》中运用了大量的修辞，经个人分析和上网 查找资料等，发现的修辞有:借代metonymy、双关pun、 反语Irony、委婉euphemism、似非而是paradox、暗 喻metaphor、明喻simile、拟人personification、移位 修饰语transferred epithet、标名aptronym、用典 allusion、头韵alliteration和尾韵rhyme等。
ElegyWritten-in-a-Country-Church-yard
Gray's "Elegy" combined elements from several literary traditions. First, it is a pastoral elegy. Its setting is outdoor in a beautiful summary landscape. Another element in the "Elegy" is the Gothic, which supplies the mopping owl, the grave yard, and the general gloominess. Unlike most Gothic writers, Gray was not interested in giving his readers shivers and thrills; he is trying to create an atmosphere. Finally, like most writers in his time, Gray decorated his poems with polished generalizations about life and death: "the path of glory lead but to the grave." These generalizations give the elegy the solidity of classical architecture.
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Thomas Gray (17161771) British Poet
and scholar
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Thomas Gray(1716-1771)
Born in London, Thomas Gray was the son of a
Thomas_Gray
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பைடு நூலகம்
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雄心别嘲讽他们实用的操劳， 家常的欢乐、默默无闻的命运； 豪华也不用带着轻蔑的冷笑 来听讲穷人的又短又简的生平。 门第的炫耀，有权有势的煊赫， 凡是美和财富所能赋与的好处， 前头都等待着不可避免的时刻： 光荣的道路无非是引导到坟墓。 骄傲人，你也不要怪这些人不 行， 怀念没有给这些坟建立纪念堂， 没有让悠长的廊道、雕花的拱 顶 洋溢着宏亮的赞美歌，进行颂 扬。 栩栩的半身像、铭刻了事略的 瓮碑， 难道能恢复断气，促使还魂？ 荣誉的声音能激发沉默的死灰？ 谄媚能叫死神听软了耳根？
3.Thomas Gray’s features and themes
Thomas Gray is the representative figure of sentimentalists感伤主义. With a classical precision and polish, the poet shows a keen interest in the English countryside and a sincere feeling of the life of common people. Nature is his greatest concern. Each natural object, either directly or by contrast, reflects the mood of man.
Thomas Gray 托马斯· 格雷
Thomas Gray
(26December 1716 – 30 July 1771), was an English poet, classical scholar and professor at
英美文学选读第二章笔记Neoclassical-period
I.Multle choice1.The 18th century England is known as the Enlightenment in thehistory英國的十八世紀也同時是啟蒙主義時代，或曰理性時代, 啟蒙運動是進步的知識分子運動，興盛於法國，後來席卷整個歐洲2.The Pilgrim’s progress is the most successful religious allegoryin the English language天路歷程是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言，它的主旨是讓人們遵循基督教教義3.The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to beconcerned with the search for spiritual Salvation4.Among the representative of the Enlightenment, who was the firstto introduce rationlism to England?Alexander Pope 亞歷山大.蒲柏作為啟蒙主義時期的代表人物，蒲柏第一個將理性主義引入英國,他將現行的社會制度奉為理想的制度，但依然能看透那嚴重的道德，政治及文化上的腐朽沒落5.An essay on criticism , written in heroic couplet by Pope, isconsidered manifesto of English neoclassism論批評是用英雄雙韻體寫的說教詩, 倡導了古典主義標準，在英國普及了新古典主義6.Alexander Pope stongly advocated neoclassicism,emphasizing thatliterary works should be judged by classical rules of order,reason , logic , restrained emotion, good taste and decorum蒲柏是當時最偉大的詩人，他大力倡導新古典主義，強調文學作品的優劣應由古典的秩序尺度，理性，邏輯，情感的克制，高雅的品位及是否體面，正派來衡量7.The Dunciad is generally considered to be Pope’s best satiricwork群愚史詩是蒲柏最優秀的諷刺作品，他花了十年心血才將其完成8.Daniel Defore describes as a typical Englishmiddle-class man of the eighteen century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonistMoll Flanders 莫爾。
Thomas Gray
托马斯·格雷Thomas Gray (1716—1771 ),英国18世纪重要诗人,也是英国新古典主义后期的重要诗人。
格雷一生作诗不多，仅十余首传世，其中以《墓园挽歌》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (1750) 最为著名。
此诗创作长达8年之久，最初是为了哀悼他在伊顿公学读书时的好友里查德·韦斯特，至少诗末所附的“墓志铭”是为他而作。
但纵观全诗，其内容已经明显超越了对某个具体人物的哀思，而是通过对乡村一处墓地的描写，表达对下层默默无闻的人民的深切同情。
对他们纯朴善良品质的赞扬，为他们没有机会施展天赋和才华而惋惜，同时也表现了对权贵、人间虚荣的蔑视和嘲讽，对大人物傲慢奢侈生活的谴责。
这首诗充分体现了格雷的民主思想。
由于贫困，农民不能发挥自己的才能，不能成为像弥尔顿John Milton 那样的文学家，像克伦威尔Oliver Cromwell 那样的政治家。
但是从另一方面说，在他们身上没有“野心”，“傲慢”，“骄”“奢”和“谄媚”。
他们虽然“贫瘠”，没有知识，但却有“德性”和“天良”，他们是自然本身。
这样的思想和弥漫于全诗的感伤情调，使《墓园挽歌》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (1750) 成为18 世纪后期感伤主义诗歌的典范之作。
《墓园挽歌》之所以是历代注评家青睐的对象。
是因为“第一，它凝聚了一个时期中的某种社会情绪；其次，它有比较完整的形式表达了这种情绪，在一定程度上解决了如何革新旧传统的问题，具有较高的艺术成就”。
从《墓园挽歌》这首诗中，我们可以看到英国诗人从新古典主义向浪漫主义的国度。
一方面，格雷的诗歌语言精雕细琢，符合新古典主义推崇的诗歌词藻要求，另一方面，他的诗歌表现了浪漫的对自然以及对人与人之间和谐关系的渴望。
这两者的结合用以表达深一层的感伤，使古典主义者所追求的对永恒真理的描述，这一古往今来始终如此的叹惋被精美的诗歌形式架构起来，更有着动人心弦的力量。
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Europe is the less 欧洲 就少一点，
As well as if a promontory were 如同一座海岬少了些一样；
As well as if a manor of thy friend
No Man Is an Island 没有人是座 孤岛
No man is an island, 没有人是座 孤岛 ，
entire of itself 独自一人，
Every man is a piece of the continent 每个人都是一座大陆的一片，
A part of the main 是大地的一部分。
by Thomas Hardy
They throw in Drummer Hodge, to rest
Uncoffined – just as found:
His landmark is a kopje-crest
That breaks the veldt around;
And foreign constellations west
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关于死亡的诗歌，Thomas Gray，Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day,
Nor cast one longing lingering look behind ?
On some fond breast the parting soul relies,
Some pious drops the closing eye requires;
这里有全文，喜欢的人可以看下，这个版本的翻译也很好，Hard y的东西语法是很难懂的。
鼓手霍奇
托玛斯·哈代
鼓手霍奇被扔进坑里掩埋，
正如找到时那样ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ没有棺材：
他的坟地是 南非 的一座小山，
把周围的 平原 稍稍撕开；
这坟墓上空的每个夜晚，
异国的星座在西边摆开。
刚从威塞克斯老家来到这里，
写于2008-11-18 12:57:31 1条评论
今天早上难得的早起，赶上了久违的 英国 文学，今天刚好上的是Thomas Gray的 Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ，128行的长诗。读着读着突然想起海明威的《For whom the bell tolls》，丧钟为谁而鸣？记得上学期20世纪 美国 文学的老师说，她最喜欢的就是《丧》的开篇，海明威引用了约翰· 邓恩一段著名的布道辞：
诗情画意：窗里窗外的风情 - 文苑樵夫袁袤翔
诗情画意：龙柏情思 - 文苑樵夫袁袤翔
挂甲峪的领路人——张朝起 - 心欲如风
诗情墨影：春花墙外一枝横 - 文苑樵夫袁袤翔
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最喜欢《挽歌》里的这一句，网上能找到的官方翻译太矫情。我的理 解就是：无论是谁，都渴望被铭记；在弥留之际，那些过往的欢乐时 光与痛苦焦虑，谁不会渴望回头在看看这个世界？
For who, to dumb forgetfulness a prey,
This pleasing anxious being e'er resign'd,
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Or of thine own,were
Any man's death diminishes me 任何人的死亡都是对我的缩小，
Because I am involved in mankind 因为我处于人类之中，
And,therefore,never send to know 因此不必去知道丧钟为谁而鸣，
For whom the bell tolls:
It tolls for thee. 它就为你而鸣！！
Mainly by John Donne（1572－1631）
翻译：
当时我读的那个荡气回肠啊，立马就背下来了，可是一个假期以后就 忘光光了，直到今天看到Elegy的时候才恍然想起，没人是一座 孤岛 。就像Gray说的，在无名的角落也许埋葬着权贵与智者，每个人 的一生都值得回味。
And why uprose to nightly view
Strange stars amid the gloam.
Yet portion of that unknown plain
Will Hodge forever be;
His homely Northern breast and brain
标签:
诗歌 Gray Thomas
分类:
随笔
前一篇: [郁闷]居然侵权了
后一篇: [原创] 浅析《三国志通俗演义》中的人性，以及对 后世精神层面的影响(好久没碰的老本行)
评论(1)
米米去去 2008-12-28 13:19:47
很有意思呐～
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关于成都的记忆(一) - 黯蓝
Each night above his mound.
Young Hodge the Drummer never knew –
Fresh from his Wessex home –
The meaning of the broad Karoo,
The Bush, the dusty loam,
[原创] 浅析《三国志通俗演义》中的人性，以及对 后世精神层面的影响(好久没碰的老本行) 2008年11月20日
» 关于死亡的诗歌，Thomas Gray，Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 2008年11月18日
[郁闷]居然侵权了 2008年11月17日
E'en from the tomb the voice of Nature cries,
E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires.
我那一刻突然觉得死亡是那样的近，无论此刻我是多么的年轻，会说 会笑，脸色红润，总有一天我会像诗里那样，不舍的离开。一大早就 读这些东西，让我的心灵突然被净化了好多，以致后来朋友给我看N C-17的蝙蝠超，我还依然没有缓过神了。
我曾经是那么的讨厌学文学，也许以前我是没有带着心去，如果可以 学进去的话，文学确实让人收益良多。关于死亡，我最喜欢的是Th omas Hardy的Drummer Hodge，死亡在他的笔下是另一段旅程与生命的开始，他会重 新长成一棵南方的大树，却带着北方的胸怀和头脑。苍凉却不绝望， 正是中文里所说的“哀而不伤”。
Grow to some Southern tree,
And strange-eyed constellation reign
His stars eternally.
至于挽歌我就不贴了，太长了，估计有欲望看的人看了这个长度以后 也恶心了，如果想看的话，去网上一搜就有了。
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年轻的鼓手霍奇弄不明白，
灌木丛丛，沃土扬尘，
广阔干旱的高原意义何在？
昏暗的黑夜茫茫一片，
闪烁的星座好生奇怪。
正是这无名 平原 的一角，
霍奇将要长眠，永不离开；
他将长成一棵南方的大树，
带着北方质朴的头脑、胸怀，
任凭星星闪烁陌生的眼睛，
把他的命运永远主宰。
Drummer Hodge
[订阅] 关于死亡的诗歌，Thomas Gray，Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by 澄·LOST?!
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