简单句与名词性从句

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Do you know the man who is standing over
there?
(定从)
It is said that they won the game. (主从)
That is certain.
主语 系动词
表语
That he will come here on Wednesday 主语
(主+谓)
基本句型二: S +V +P (主+系+表)
基本句型三: S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型 一
S +V(主+谓)
此句型的句子有一个共同特 点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。
Are you talking about whether he will come? 他不在乎天气是否好。
He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.
注意:在宾语从句中,表示“是否”既可以用 whether,也可以用if.但是,whether常与or not连用;作介词宾语只用whether; 从句是 否定句时一般用if。
基本句型 二
S +V +P(主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动 词分两类:be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound 等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn,go等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什 么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词 仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand
基本句型 五
S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特点是:
动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟 一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾
语,才能使意思完整。
S V(及物)O(宾语) C(宾补)
1. We keep
2. They painted
3. They call

V(是系动词)
P(表语)
1. This
is
2. The dinner smells(闻)
3. He
fell
4. Everything looks
5. He
is
6. The book is
7. The weather became
8. His face
turned
an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red.
4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?(反 意疑问句)
名 表语从句 词 宾语从句 性 从 主语从句 句 同位语从句
请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句
What I want to do is taking a bath. (主从)
The news that they won the game spread the
注意:that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分,在 口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去
我不知道他来不来。
I don’t know whether/if he will come. 我想知道他来还是不来。 I want to know whether he will come or not. 你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗?
基本句型 三
S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓
语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生 的动作,但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受 者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫 做及物动词。
S V(实义动词)
O(宾语)
1. Who knows
2. She laugh at
3. He understands
注意:主语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”
主语从句
主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语,把真正的 主语放在后面,以避免头重脚轻。
It is known to us that he will come here.
用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配:
It + be + 形容词 + that从句
问题是它是否值得做 The question is whether it is worth doing.
注意:表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”
宾语从句
在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做 宾语从句。 我不知道你会来这里. I don’t know (that) you will come here.
1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
(紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk,是单数,故be的 形式要用is)
2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.( 否定句)
3.Is there anything wrong with your ears? (Yes,there is/No,there isn't.)
is certain.
主语从句
在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。
他星期三来这里是肯定的。 That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.
注意:从句作主语时,就算是句子意思完整, 都要加上从属连词that
他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。 Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.
分析 analyze
名词 noun
形容词 adjective (adj.)
动词 verb
副词 adverb (adv.)
不及物动词 transitive verb (vi. )
代词 pronoun (pron.)
及物动词 intransitive verb (vt. )
wenku.baidu.com
冠词 article
连系动词 link verb
It appears that…
似乎…
It happens that ….
碰巧…
It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……
表语从句
在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面) 叫做表语从句。 我们的目的是他能认识到错误。 Our purpose is that he can realize his faults. 注意:引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。
这类动词叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。

1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They
V (不及物动词)
flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing have gone
whole school. (同位语从句) I don’t think he is an honest boy. (宾从)
The fact is that he stole the car. (表从) Do you know the fact that he stole the car?
(同位语从句)
S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语
动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意 思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者, 另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连 接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承 受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。
S V(及 o(多 物) 指人)
It is necessary that… It is important that …. It is obvious that……
有必要… 重要的是… 很明显……
It + be + -ed分词 + that从句
It is believed that…
人们相信…
It is known to us/all that …. 众所周知…
介词 preposition (prep.)
助动词 auxiliary verb
连词 conjunction (conj.)
Analyze the role of the underlined in the sentence (主,谓,宾,补足语,状语)
1. He ran fast.
主谓 状 2. Who got the first in the 200-metre race?
6. There be + S
There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)存在 有某人(或某物)”,其形式为“There be+代词或名词( 短语)+地点/时间状语”。there是引导词,没有词义 ,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与 主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not; 一般疑问句是将be放在句首;反意疑问句中的简短问 句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”构成。例如:
8. He made
5. They ate
6. Danny likes
7. I
want
4. He said
the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. oranges. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
基本句型 四
O(多指物)
1. She passed 2. She cooked 3. He brought 8. He bought 5. I showed 6. I gave 7. I told 4. He showed
him her husband you her him him me
a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late.
作用 role
主语 subject
谓语 predicate
宾语 object
间接宾语 indirect object
直接宾语direct object
定语 attribute
状语 adverbial
补足语 complement
表语 predicative
句子结构 sentence structure
主谓 宾

3. The idea sounds wonderful.


4. All teachers think Tom clever and honest.

谓宾
宾补
5. Mary’s sister want you to tell me the truth.

谓宾
宾补
6. He gave me a book.
主谓 间 直 宾宾
英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千
变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系, 找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种 基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基 本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S +V
4. They found
5. What makes
6. We saw
7. He asked
8. I
saw
the table clean.
the door green.
supper dinner.
the house dirty.
him
sad?
him
out.
me
to come back soon.
them getting on the bus.
It has been decided that…… 已经决定……
It + be + 名词 + that从句
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is a surprise that ….
令人惊奇的是…
It is a fact that……
事实是……
It + 不及物动词 + that从句
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