中小学校园景观设计的自然生态研究

中小学校园景观设计的自然生态研究

重庆大学硕士学位论文

学生姓名：余治富

指导教师：李向北副教授

专业：艺术学

学科门类：文学

重庆大学艺术学院

二O一O年十月

The Studies of Ecological Natural Landscape

in School Grounds

A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

the Degree of Master of Profession

By

Yu Zhifu

Supervised by Li Xiangbei

Specialty: Arts

College of Arts of Chongqing University,

Chongqing, China

April,2010

摘要

我国有近56万所校园和近2000所大学校园，无论在城市核心还是乡镇郊区，这些校园各自都会迅速成为城乡核心部分之一或是本地区的一个区域(教育)中心，对校园景观设计的自然生态研究，将对改变这些地区的生态面貌及生态知识的普及有着重大推动作用。

与此同时，由于能源紧张、污染加剧、气候变化等环境问题，以及城市环境污染日益严重的现实，迫使师生和领导开始思考校园环境问题，而自然生态型校园正好成为了解决这一问题的有效途径。20 世纪下半叶，生态学、绿色建筑等理论所产生的影响日益扩大，传统的以实用、功能为主的设计思想逐渐转变为天人合一、注重自然生态系统有机营造的可持续发展的新型设计理念。

传统的大兴土木、亭台楼阁、堂馆院所的规划理念已经不符合当代可持续性发展的要求，这些关于校园景观的落后的设计理念已经完全不能满足人们对于优美宜人，生态环保的校园环境建设的期待。如何在众多校园面临重新整合的这一特殊历史时期合理地规划利用空间，营造宜人的自然生态景观，促进生物多样化，赋予这片土地以生气和灵感，在中小学生思想启蒙之前播下热爱自然、保护自然的种子，这些问题急需我们进行探讨和研究。

本文以生态校园为前提，从校园景观设计的自然生态理论研究入手，提出我国当前在校园规划建设的过程当中盲目城市化的大背景之下对校园自然景观研究的不足及其问题所在，分析校园自然生态景观的设计原则及其主要内容，结合国内外校园自然景观设计的成功案例，提出分别从校园植物景观的合理设计、水体景观自然过渡和生物多样化环境的营造三大策略综合提高我国校园自然环境质量，探讨如何促进校园生态平衡、生物多样化及其对广大青少年学生的教育意义。通过讨论每种生态自然景观要素在教育中的可用性，探讨在校园生态自然景观设计建设过程当中如何保护野生动物及促进生物多样化，并如何被设计与实施的。

关键词：校园，生态，自然景观，生物多样化，教育

ABSTRACT

In China, there are nearly 560,000 primary and secondary schools both in urban core areas or rural areas. Those schools are rapidly becoming education or living center in their own areas. The research of the ecological natural landscape in primary and secondary school grounds will enhance the ecological appearance and education of ecological.

At the same time, due to energy shortages, increasing pollution, climate change and other environmental problems, and the growing reality of urban environmental pollution, it is forcing teachers and school leaders to start thinking about the environment protection. Then, to construct natural ecological campus just as the solution to this problem is an effective way. In half of the 20th century, the impact of ecology and green building theories is increasingly great, so the traditional design concept based on utility or function changes into harmony development between human and nature, and natural ecosystems to create a new type of sustainable design.

The traditional design concept of hard landscape can not meet the demand of sustainable development. The outdate concept of campus landscape also can not meet people’s hope to livable and ecological environment. In the special period of campus reintegration, how to reasonably plan space, create ecological landscape and enhance biodiversity is necessary to discuss and study to bring inspiration and vigorous to these lands and these students’ mind.

In this paper, with premise of ecological landscape, and the beginning of the concept of ecology design in school grounds, put forward the current issues under the background of the urbanization of school development in China. Respectively, dividing the natural landscape of school grounds into three aspects: animal landscape, wetland landscape and planting landscape, and then on how to promote ecological balance, biodiversity and its significance education value in school grounds.

Keywords：School Grounds, Ecology, Natural Landscape, Biodiversity, Education