agreement英语语法

Subject-verb Concord主谓一致

一、主谓一致：指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系。

二、三种原则：语法一致原则；意义一致原则；就近原则

1、语法一致：主要表现在数的形式上——主语中心词是复数动词用复数形式；主语中心词是单数或不可数名词，动词用单数。

e.g. Both boys have their own merits.

Few students are really lazy.

Each boy has his own book.

Every girl comes on time.

2、意义一致原则：有时主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单复数意义。

e.g. The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.

Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.

Fifty-six dollars was stolen.

. The old _____ (be) being taken good care of there.

. The young ___ (be) the hope of our country.

3、就进原则：有时谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词的单复数形式。Either my brothers or my father is coming.

Only one out of five were present.

No one except his own supporters agree with him.

三、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题

1、有些疾病名称（arthritis关节炎bronchitis支气管炎rickets腮腺炎diabetes糖尿病）用单数。Arthritis is a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body.

2、表示游戏名称的名词常做单数用

Darts(投镖游戏) is essentially a free and easy game.

但也有一些游戏名称作复数用。Cards are not allowed here.

3、以-ics结尾的学科名称用单数（physics, mathematics, politics, economics, athletics）但这些词表示学科以外的意义时作复数用。

Athletics (体育运动) have been greatly promoted at this college.

4、以-s结尾的地理名称: 国名（the United States, the United Nations）——单数

群岛，山脉，海峡，瀑布——复数（the West India西印度群岛，the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉，the Straits of Gibraltar直布罗陀海峡）

5、其他：scissors剪子pincers钳子glasses眼镜shorts短裤trousers裤子suspenders 吊带裤，这些词假如不带“一副”“一把”“一条”等单位词而单独使用——复数Joe’s new trousers are black and white.

A pair of shoes costs 5 dollars.

四、以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题。

集体名词family, team, class, group, government, enemy, company, committee 等被看作一个主题时, 谓语动词用单数. 如看作一个个成员, 谓语动词用复数.

集体名词people , police 只当复数用, 谓语动必须要用复数.

The police are searching for the thief.

Machinery, equipment, merchandise商品——单数

Audience, committee, class, family, public等词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词

A committee of/ a panel of / a board of +复数名词——单数

五、并列短语作主语

1、And/both…and…——复数但（ham and egg, bread and butter等表单数意义）

也有一些省略情况：what I say and think are no business of yours.

2、用and 连接的并列主语被each, every, many a或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Each doctor and each nurse ____ (were /was) given a new shirt.

No sound and no voice ___(is / are) heard.

3、由or, nor, either…or.., neither… nor…, not only…but also…——就进原则

4、主语+as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等引导的从属结构时，或主语+as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。

His brother rather than his parents is to blame.

No one except two girls was late for dinner.

六、表数量概念的名词词组作主语

Ten miles is a god distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。

1、分数/百分数+of 依of后的名词类别而定

Two-third of the swampland(沼泽)has been reclaimed(开垦)for farming.

Thirty-five percent of the doctors were women.

2、两数相减或相除——单数，相加或相乘——复数或单数

Forty minus fifteen leaves twenty-five.

Divide除plus/and加time乘

3、one in/ one out of +复数名词：正式体中——单数；非正式体——就近原则

4、表非确定数量的名词词组：

all of, some of, none of, half of, most of——依后面的词而定

lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of, plenty of表许许多多，依后面的词而定

a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of——单数

限定词+kind/type/sort of+单数/不可数名词——单数

七、其他