高考英语备考策略 主谓一致的讲解与训练
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主谓一致的讲解与训练
语法
主谓一致
1、主谓一致的基本原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近原则。
2、各原则具体概述:
1)语法一致原则:指主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。2)意义一致原则:指主语形式上是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词也要用复数形式;或主语形式上是复数形式,但却表达单数意义,那么谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
(1)My family were watching TV at 7 o’clock.我家里人在七点钟的时候正在看电视。
(2)My family has moved three times .我的家已经搬了三次。
3)就近原则:指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语来决定。例如:
(1)There is a man,two women and three children in the room.
在这房间里有一个男人,两个女人和三个小孩。
(2)There are two women ,a man and three children in the room .
在这房间里有两个女人,一个男人和三个小孩。
1、谓语动词用单数的情况:
1)可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。例如:
(1)The bread tastes delicious.
(2)The book was bought by my father.
2)more than one +单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
(1)More than one books on the desk was written by the teacher.
(2)More than one student agrees to the plan.
3)a/an+单名+or two大多用单数谓语;One or two+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
(1)One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.
要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙。
(2)A machine or two was made in that factory.
有一两台机器是在那个工厂生产的。
4)many a +单数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
(1)Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树。
(2)Many a teacher has been to London. 许多老师去过伦敦。
5)某些以s结尾的单数名词,如:news, works, physics等,以及书名、戏剧名、报纸及国家名称做主语时,谓语用单数。例如:
(1)The news comes that our class has won the first prize for the basket-ball match.
(2)Physics is difficult to learn for us.
6)主语从句,动词不定式,动词-ing 形式作主语时,谓语动词也用单数。例如:
(1)What she said was true.她的话是真的。
(2)Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
7)如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人,同一事物或同一概念,这时两名词虽然由and 连接,但只有一
个限定词,谓语动词要用单数。例如:
(1)The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。
(2) My friend and lawyer has caught a bad cold.我的律师,也就是我的朋友,得了重感冒。
8)两个单数名词用and 连接表示不可分的整体做主语时,谓语用单数。例如:
Bread and butter is their daily food .面包和黄油是他们的日常食物。
这类常见词有:war and peace战争与和平, iron and steel钢铁,truth and honesty 真诚,a watch and chain一块带链的表,a knife and fork一副刀叉,a peasant and writer 一个农民作家
9)不定代词anybody,anyone ,anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything, nobody, no one, nothing等做主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
(1)Anybody that breaks the rules is to be punished.任何违反规则的人将会受到惩罚。
(2)Something strange often happens in the street.那街上常常发生奇怪的事情。
10)each ,either, neither, another, the other,(a) little,或much做主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
(1) Much of what you said is true.你所说的许多话是真的
(2) Each of the books costs five yuan .每本书售价5元。
11)表示“时间”“距离”“价格”“度量衡”的复数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
(1)Ten miles is too long .10公里路太远了!
(2)Four hours is enough to do your homework .4个小时做家庭作业够了。
12)运算数次做主语时,谓语动词也用单数。例如:
(1)Three times five is fifteen.3×5=15
(2)Five minus four is one .5-4=1
13)表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词”做主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
One and a half hours is enough .一个半小时足够了。
14)在each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…,many a …and many a …等由and 连接并列单数主语的结构中,谓语动词也用单数。例如:
(1)Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都用一个女孩。
(2)Every man and every woman is at work .每个男人和女人都在工作。
(3)No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.很长时间没听到一点儿声音了。
2、谓语动词用复数的情况:
1)表示总称意义的名词people, police, cattle, crew, clothes, public等做主语时谓语动词用复数。
例如:
People are talking about the news.人们正在谈论那条消息。
2)由两部分构成的物体,如;shoes ,trousers, gloves ,glasses ,scissors等复合名词做主语时,谓语用复数。例如:
My shoes are under the bed.我的鞋在床下。
3)两个单数名词(人或物)用and 或both …and 连接,做主语时,谓语用复数,但要注意,前后两名词的前面都必须无冠词。例如:
Both rice and wheat are grown in this place .这个地方种植水稻和小麦。
4)one or two +复数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在种树。
5)两个或两个以上的主语从句,动词不定式,动词-ing 形式作主语,表示两个或两个以上的概念或意