中考英语词汇突破讲义

初三英语词汇讲义
名词
advertisement广告，广告活动，广告业（ad，advertise，-ment名词词尾：-tion, -sion）
I don’t know how to use this machine.
It doesn’t matter. Here is the __. (07南昌)
A. instruction B. explanation C. information D. advertisement
答案：A，instruct-instruction 指导，说明，explain-explanation解释说明，inform-information通知，信息，
Always read the __ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions
答案：B
-ment, -tion, -sion名词词尾：
equipment装备，器材experiment试验，实验attention注意，专心，留心
expression表达，表达方式business商业，生意，businessman商人，businesswoman女商人，It’s none of your business.不关你事
custom风俗，习惯，复数customs海关

形容词和副词
afraid害怕的，犯愁的，相关词组：be afraid of sth.害怕某事，
区别：be afraid to do害怕去做，不敢去做（主观）， be afraid of doing sth. 担心某事会发生（客观）
He is afraid of waking up his father. 他生怕吵醒爸爸。He is afraid to wake up his father.他不敢叫醒爸爸。
after all毕竟，终究，究竟
It’s not surprising you are tired .After all you were up until three last night.
你感到疲惫并不奇怪，毕竟你昨晚三点才睡。
anyway不管怎样，不论用何种方式
It seems that it will rain. Take my umbrella.
__. I have a raincoat in my bag. (06江西)
A. I’d love to B. Sorry C. Thanks anyway D. No problem
答案：C
excited兴奋的，激动的
Chinese people were cheering at the most __ moment when Liu Xiang broke the world record.
A. excited B. to excite C. excite D. exciting
答案：D
full吃饱的，过饱的，相关词组：be full of…充满，be filled with…用…充满
The handbag is full with papers. 错误（The handbag is filled with papers.正确）
The handbag is full of papers. 正确
instead of代替，而不是instead取而代之，反而，
1. He put the money on the chair __ in his pocket.
2. Tom didn’t answer. __, he asked his father.
A. instead B. instead of
答案：1. B，2. A
plenty of很多的，足够的，plenty of+可数名词复数/不可数名词
There __ plenty of room to have 5 people in this car. (is)
There __ plenty of rooms for the guests in the hotel. (are)
It’s __ your health to stay up late in the evening.
I’m not __ do so, but my mother was __ me. I didn’t go to bed until I finished all my homework.
A. bad for, interested in, angry with B. bad for, willing to, angry with
C. interested in, angry with, willing to D. interested in, angry with, good for
答案：B，
be angry with生…的气，对…感到气愤be good/bad for对…有害
be interested in对…感兴趣
be willing to乐意（做某事）

代词
myself我自己yourself你自己herself她自己himself他

自己itself它自己ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己
__ saw __ in the mirror.
A. me, yourselves B. She, him C. He, himself D. Him, himself

区别：both, either, neither, every, all
1. There you can see beautiful tall buildings on __ side of the square.
2. There you can see beautiful tall buildings on __ side of the road.
3. There you can see beautiful tall buildings on __ sides of the road.
A. neither B. either C. all D. both E. every

动词
appreciate感激，用法：appreciate doing
I would appreciate __ it a secret.
A. your keeping B. you to keep C. that you keep D. that you will keep
arrive到达
区别：arrive at/in, get to, reach“到达”：get to + 地点，reach + 地点， arrive at+小地方，arrive in + 大地方
With the help of the Internet, news can __ every corner of the world.
A. arrive B. reach D. get
ask问，相关词组：ask for…要，请求，要求（ask for help请求帮助）， ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人去做某事
If you have difficulty in learning English, you should ask your teachers or your classmates __ help.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
Where did you go last night?
I __ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.
A. asked B. am asked C. have been asked D. was asked
belong属于，相关词组belong to属于
Everyone knows that Taiwan __ China.
A. belongs B. belong to C. belongs to
buy买
How long have you __ the book?
For several weeks.
A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. had
catch赶上（车船等），捕获，相关词组：catch up with 赶上
区别：catch up with, keep up with
Peter tried very hard to __ up with the others in the relay race, and he __ up with them to the finishing line.
cause造成，使发生
We are very sad and angry to hear that the bad milk powder (劣质奶粉) __ the death of over 30 babies.
A. made B. did C. brought D. caused
come来，相关词组： come out 出版，发表，come true实现，成为现实，come up with提出，想出
After years of hard work, his dream __ in the end.
A. came out B. came true C. came in
She is planning on driving. Let’s help her __ some good ideas.
A. come out B. come up with C. catch up with
drop落下，掉下，相关词组drop by顺便（或偶然）拜访
People in Colombia needn’t make plans to meet their friends. They often just drop by them.
A. give a ride to B. give up visiting C. forget to visit D. come over to
expect期待，预料，相关词组：expect sb. to do sth.
Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in World Cup today?
Yes. They have better players, so I __ them to win.
A. hope B. prefer C. expect
enjoy喜欢，享受，相关词组：enjoy oneself玩的开心，enjoy doing喜欢做某事
In the park, children enjoyed themselves yesterday.
A. liked themselves B. had a good time C. loved them
Laura enjoys __ story books.
Me, too.
A. read B. reads C. to read D.

reading
go去，走.相关词组：go shopping/swimming去购物/游泳，go through经历，go for a walk去散步，go home回家
区别：have gone to去了…（某地），have been to曾经去过…（某地）
Where is your father?
He __ Shanghai. He’ll be back next week.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
My aunt isn’t here. She __ Shanghai on business. She will be back in three days.
A. went B. has gone to C. has been to D. will go to
hand（名词）手，（动词）交出，传递，相关词组：hand in提交，呈送，hand out分发，发放，give a hand帮助
Brian is so kind that he often gives me a __ when I’m in trouble.
A. reply B. seat C. hand D. reason
help帮助，相关词组：help…do/to do…, 帮助…做某事，help..with…帮助（某人）某事，help oneself请随便吃，can’t help doing禁不住（做某事）
__ yourself to some tea after the hard work.
Thanks a lot.
A. Enjoy B. Drink C. Cook D. Help
hold拿着，握住，持有，相关词组：hold on等一会（别挂电话）
May I speak to the headmaster, please?
__.
A. Call again, please B. Speak clearly C. Speak louder, please D. Hold on, please
increase增加，增大，相关词组：increase to增长到，increase by增长了
increase to 100 RMB：增加到100元，increase by 100RMB：增长了100元（如果原价是50元，增长后变为150元）
join加入，参加，相关词组：join in sth./doing sth.加入（某种活动），join the army/party参军/入党
I suppose we’ll go to plant trees next week.
Terrific! Planting trees is a lot of fun. I’d like to __ you.
A. visit B. join C. follow D. meet
laugh笑，相关词组：laugh at sb.嘲笑某人
Don’t laugh __ the students who make mistakes while speaking English.
A. at B. to C. for D. of
mind介意，在意，相关词组：never mind不要紧，mind doing介意做（某事）
I’m sorry for losing your book. I will buy a new one for you.
__. I have another copy.
A. Thank you B. Happy to hear that C. Never mind D. Of course
Would you mind __ more slowly? I can’t follow you.
A. speak B. spoke C. spoken D. speaking
prefer更喜爱，更喜欢，相关词组：prefer to do rather than do与其…不如…，prefer A to B（AB相比）更喜欢A，注意AB同为sth.或doing
Little Tom preferred to __ rather than __.
A. swimming, skating B. swim, skating C. swimming, skate D. swim, skate
I prefer __ the net to watching TV at weekends.
A. sailing B. swimming C. surfing D. running
raise使升高，举起，养育（及物动词）
rise上升，上涨（不及物动词）
The sun ____ in the ease. (rises)
KFC ___ the price. (raised)
区别：say/speaktalk, say+ 说的内容，speak+ in+语言，如speak in English，talk谈论talk about sth.或talk with sb.，tell告诉tell sb. sth. 或tell sth. to sb.
When Alice telephoned me, I couldn't hear what she was __
A. telli

ng B. speaking C. saying D. talking
stop停止，相关词组：stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，stop to do停下来去做某事，stop doing停止做某事
She should stop __, she has a headache because she __ too long.
A. to work, was reading B. to work, has read C. working, has read D. working, read
stop, remember, forget + to do/doing: to do表示还没做的事，doing表示已经做了的事
Mary is looking forward to __ from me, please remember __ this letter on your way to school.
A. hear; post B. hearing; to post C. be heard; posting D. hearing; posting
thank谢谢，相关词组：thanks to幸亏，由于，因为，thank for…由于…向某人表示感谢
__ the rain, the farmers had a good harvest.
A. Thanks for B. Thanks to C. Because D. Without
turn旋转，翻动，相关词组：turn off关掉，turn on开启，turn down关小，调低，
Please __ the TV. It’s time for the evening news.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn up
I’m writing a letter here. Please don’t __ the light.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off
water浇水，浇灌
Where’s your mother, Helen?
She __ the flowers in the garden.
A. watered B. is watering C. waters D. has watered
invent发明，创造
区别：invent原来没有的东西被创造出来，discover原本存在的而没有被发现东西被发现了
Gilbert __ electricity, but Edison __ the light bulb.
A. invented, discovered B. invented, invented C. discovered, invented D. discovered, discovered
worried烦恼的，焦虑的，相关词组：worry about为…担心
Mum, the exam is coming. I’m afraid…
__. I’m sure you can pass it.
A. Good luck B. It’s nothing C. Don’t worry.

介词
表时间
in, on, at在…at+具体时间in+一段时间on+具体的某一天during+一段时间，在…期间
Father’s Day came __ June 10th this year.
A. on B. at C. in D. during
Oh, so many people in the amusement park!
Nobody likes to stay at home __ Sunday morning.
A. in B. on C. at
Can you finish the work __ two days?
Yes, I can.
A. for B. about C. in
The accident happened __ a cold winter morning.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
表地点in, on, to
in表示在某一地区范围内to表示在某一地区范围之外on表示与某地毗邻，挨着
Xinjiang is one of the largest provinces in China. It’s __ the northwest of China.
A. at B. in C. to D. from
其他
区别：in the tree（外来物）在树上，on the tree长在树上
in front of在…前面（外部的前面），in the front of…在…前面（内部的前面）
in, with, by表使用，in +语言/原材料，with+具体的有形的东西（交通工具除外），by表示“用…方式或手段”
How are you going to the Summer Palace?
We’re going there __ bike.
A. for B. at C. of D. by