高考英语书面表达技巧
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高考英语书面表达技巧
通常,英语学习,听、说、读、写、译五项基本技能缺一不可。《普通高中英语课程标准》,对九级语言技能目标英语写作有6点明确的要求。同时列出了写作技能与试题设计的要求和写作评价标准,其测试方式有五种。学生作文主要从内容要点、语言使用效果、结构和连贯性、格式和语域及与目标读者的交流五个方面进行评价。英语书面表达是英语语言基础知识和语法基础知识的综合运用,还要具有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力,要求内容清楚、意思连贯、结构完整、逻辑性强、主题突出、用词准确、文体恰当。一般,要文理通畅,非单纯地翻译。要答卷满意,平时确实需要长期的信心的培养,耐心的启发,由易到难,从简单到复杂,循序渐进地坚持内容、语言、语法、表达、结构、逻辑和卷面等进行规范地训练,而且训练有素。现在,不少学生对英语书面表达不予或不够重视。这并非完全意义上的写作,只要求用书面语言基本表达出要表达的东西。一般原则是:不多写、不少写和不错写。现结合存在的问题和多年的教学积累,谈谈高考英语书面表达应注重的五方面。
1 用顺
审准题义,明确情景,看清要求。不少考生写作时,还有不看要求或不看完看全要求就解题的习惯,特别是不注意生词或短语提示,或干脆完全根据所给材料先后顺序逐一翻译。前后不连贯,层次不清晰,逻辑性不强。因此应认真思考材料,找到所要表达的主旨文意及线索,在线索引导下通畅地表达内容,增加可读性。为此,应注意使用and, so, then, at the same time, on the one hand, on the other hand, first, second,at last, what''s more, I''m afraid, I think 等表示过度及连接的词汇,使之有较强的感情色彩。
2 用对
对每一个句子都尽可能避免语法错误。通常错处出在:
2.1动词错误
(1)多用。
1)There were five hundred students couldn’t go to school because of the earthquake.(划线部分改为Five hundred)2)A hero comes from Beichuan will give us a talk tomorrow afternoon. (划线部分改为coming或去掉comes)
(2)缺失。
1)He wouldn’t ∧ able to work out the math problem. (遗漏处加be)
2)It isn’t said that they ∧ often careless in class. (遗漏处加are)
(3)时态错误。
1)Hurry up! Here is coming the bus. (划线部分改为comes)2)Class start at 8:00 am. (划线部分改为starts)
书面表达可能出现多种时态,但特定时间背景下时态相同。如人事物现状的介绍,应以一般现在时为主;过去的介绍,应以一般过去时为主;日记应以一般过去时为主;通知应以一般现在时为主。千万不要随心所欲,不假思索地使用,造成大面积失分。
(4)语态错误。由于汉语被动色彩不浓,因此英语表达易受影响,该用而不用,不该用而用be动词。如:
1)He remembered his wallet had ∧ lost in the bus. (遗漏处加been)
2)The matter was happened two years ago. (划线处去掉was)
还有喜欢在动词前面加be动词。如:
3)I am think that I’ll learn how to use a computer. (划线处去掉am)
4)They are decide that they will study harder. (划线处去掉are)
2.2名词单复数混用
1)He wrote an 800-words article yesterday. (划线处改为800-word)
2)It is a ten-minutes walk from here to there. (划线处改为ten-minute或ten minutes'')
2.3冠词错误
冠词属小词,重视不够,影响表达。
1)How do you spell the computer?(划线处去掉the)
2)We should treasure the time because the time is money. (划线处去掉the)
3 用准
用准确地道的语言,不能生涩难懂,不合英语表达习惯。常见现象如下:
3.1单词堆砌
写句子,用语不准,而根据汉语句序进行相应的英语单词堆砌而成。如:
1) Study hard, are because they know is the Hope Project give their chance to go to school. (错)→They study hard because they know it is the Hope Project that gives them a chance to go to school. (正)
2)Welcome you come back to our school to visit. (错)→You’re welcome back to visit our school. (正)
另外,不重视掌握单词,写作时碰到生词难句就委婉地去解释,用模糊定义,语言生涩难懂,文意混乱,表达不清。如:Mr. Zhao is good at teaching English; he has many good ways to use to teach us. (错)
→Mr. Zhao is good at teaching, and he has many methods of teaching us English. (正)
3.2使用Chinglish
英语作文,受汉语影响,虽语法正确,却不符英语表达习惯。如:1) Our friends are all over the world. (错)→We have friends all over the world. (正)
2) My height is 180 centimeters and my body is healthy. (错)→I am 180 centimeters tall and I’m healthy. (正)
语言转换功在平时。简明扼要,表达清楚,是关键所在。冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。
4 用全
初学写作要简单完整清楚地表达,就要把握两个关系:
4.1完整不一定就句式复杂
一味追求新、奇、特、难,容易出错。如:
1) Li Lang, a brave boy who is only 6 years old and that is a middle school student and that comes from the northwest of the Sichuan Province. (错)→Li Lang, a brave boy who is only 6 years old , and he is a middle school student from the northwest part of the Sichuan Province.(正)