深圳中考英语阅读

中考阅读技巧及专题训练

（一）细节理解题

一般针对某个特定的细节而提供，难度较小，属表层信息理解，考生通读短文后可直接找出答案依据。其主要提问方式是：

1) Which of the following is right?

2) Which of the following is not mentioned?

3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?

4) Choose the right order of this passage.

5) From this passage we know ________.

解题技巧：

通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：

1. 五个W （who ，which ，when ，where ，what ）和一个

H （how ）；

2. 数字、日期、时间等；

3. 注意加强语气的词。然后运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。

（二）词句理解题

此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。

解题技巧：

1. 正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。

2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：

（1）注意定义和解释；

（2）同义词或近义词的提示；

（3）近义词和反义词的提示；

（4）利用悬念的属种关系；

（5）借助已有知识或生活常识。

（三）推理判断题

通过字里行间的阅读，作合理的推断。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：

1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.

2) We can infer from the text that _______.

3) From the story we can guess ______.

4) What would be happy if …?

解题技巧：

1. 分析文章的主旨。

2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

3. 寻找文章的逻辑思路。

4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。

（四）归纳概括题

此题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段），要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思路。其主要提问方式是：

1) Which is the best title of the passage?

2) Which of the following is this passage about?

3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.

4) The passage tells us that______.

5) This passage mainly talks about_______.

解题技巧：

通读全文，了解大意，灵活运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等方法，准确理解文章的话题和中心思想。有时还要求对作者叙述的意图和观点作进一步剖析，甚至推测作者的语气和态度等。

一般说来，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句，且多位于段首或段末，有时也会夹在中间。对无主题句的篇章，考生应对文章进行分析和归纳，然后概括中心思想。

（五）猜测词义题

此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：

1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means ________.

2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.

3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________.

4) Here “it” means________.

解题技巧：

根据上下文以生词为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读时最常见、最直接的一种猜词方法；以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义；以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义；以列举的句子为线索猜测词义；以重述为线索猜测词义。

●答题步骤

1. 先看问题，再读文章。带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题，摘取有用的材料。

2.细读全文，认真分析与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，特别留心一些关键信息词。

3. 复读全文，验证答案。在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否连贯，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。

●典型阅读

The undersea world is very beautiful. Now more and more people want to dive in the water to find the secrets there. Scuba diving is a new sport today. It can take you into a wonderful undersea world.You will find many strange animals in the sea. Some are as large as a school bus. Many sea animals give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth.

During the day, there is enough light. Here, under the sea, everything is blue and green. When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands. When you have bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. However, you can’t dive too deep. And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water.

The deep sea is not an easy place to live in. It’s cold, and it’s dark, too. The deeper it is, the less sunlight there is. At about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is dark in the sea. Many fishes have no eyes. Some have big eyes.A few have eyes on one side.

Besides (除了) the cold and darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger --- other animals. Animals eat! They must find food to eat. Many animals eat plants. However, some Animals eat meat. This means these sea animals have animals have two big jobs. They need to find animals as food, and they have to try no t to become other animals’ meal.

1.Why do people want to dive in the sea? Because

________.

A. they want to catch fish

B. they want to find the secrets of the undersea world

C. the sea is deep

D. there are all kinds of plants in the sea

2. In the daytime, when you dive in the sea, you _________.

A. can see everything green and blue