蜂胶(翻译

天然产物巴西蜂胶加强吞噬细胞杀真菌的活性AbstractNatural product incorporation into microcarriers increases the bioavailability of these compounds, consequently improving their therapeutic properties. Natural products, particularly those from bees such as propolis, are widely used in popular medicine. Propolis is a powerful treatment for several diseases. In this context, the present study evaluated the effect of propolis Scaptotrigona sp. and its fractions, alone or adsorbed to polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres, on the activity of human phagocytes against Candida albicans.The results show that propolis exerts a stimulatory effect on these cells to assist in combating the fungus, especially as the crude extract is compared with the fractions. However, when incorporated into microspheres, these properties were significantly potentiated. These results suggest that propolis adsorbed onto PEG microspheres has immunostimulatory effects on phagocytes in human blood. Therefore, propolis may potentially be an additional natural product that can be used for a variety of therapies.天然产物包埋在载体中能够增加这些化合物的生物药效，因此能够提高它们的治疗功效。

天然产物，特别是些来自蜜蜂的，例如蜂胶，正被广泛的应用到流行药中。

对于一些疾病，蜂胶具有非常好的治疗功效。

鉴于此，现在研究评估Scaptotrigona sp.的蜂胶及其馏分在单独的或吸附到聚乙二醇微粒上时，对人类吞噬细胞作用白色念珠菌的效果。

结果表明蜂胶对这些细胞对抗真菌具有辅助的促进作用，值得注意的是粗提物的效果要比馏分的促进效果更好。

但是包埋到PEG微粒中的蜂胶的这些功效要更强。

这些结果表明：吸附到PEG微粒上的蜂胶在人类血液中对吞噬细胞具有免疫调节功效。

因此，蜂胶有可能作为一种天然产物添加，用在各种各样的治疗中。

前言Th e current focus on natural products and alternative medicines has renewed interest in bee products such as honey, royal jelly, pollen, and propolis. Propolis is a sticky dark-coloured material collected by worker bees from the leaf buds or exuded from numerous tree species. Once collected, this material is enriched with salivary and enzy-matic secretions and used in the construction, adaptation, and protection of their nests [3,4]. In this way propolis chemical composition is a direct reflex of the vegetable flora and bee species [5,6].目前关于天然产物和可替代性药品的研究又重新集中于像蜂蜜、蜂王浆、花粉、蜂胶等蜜蜂产品上，蜂王浆是一种黑色粘稠的物质，是由雄蜂采集自叶芽或许多树种的渗出液。

一旦采集完，这种物质又富加以唾液和酶促分泌物，然后用来筑造、改建、和保护它们的蜂巢。

这样一来，蜂胶的化学成分就能直接反映出蔬菜的种类和蜜蜂的种类。

In Brazil, besides wide variety of flora there are also several bees species, among which stand out those belonging to Apidae family and Meliponinae subfamily, better known as indigenous stingless bees, and which produce propolis from the resinous material of plants with wax and soil. In this group are found bees of the Scaptotrigona genus with twenty four species described and eight of which already identified in Brazil [4, 7–9].在巴西，除了广泛种类的植物群，还有一些密封种类，他们中有代表性的属于蜜蜂科和Meliponinae亚科，比较有名的土著无刺蜂它们产的蜂胶来自于含蜡植物的树脂和土壤。

在这个群体中，Scaptotrigona属的24个种的蜜蜂都有所描述，其中有8个种都已经在巴西发现了。

In particular, the propolis shows potential because of its therapeutic properties and possible applications in the pharmaceutical industry [10–12]. A range of biological activities have been attributed to propolis, including immunomodulatory [13,14], antibacterial [15], fungicidal [16, 17], anti-inflammatory, healing [18], anesthetic [19], and anticarcinogenic effects [20].一般说来，由于其治疗特性，蜂胶具有可能应用于医药行业的潜在价值。

蜂胶有一系列的生物活性，包括免疫调节、抗菌、杀真菌、消炎、治愈、麻醉、抗癌的效果。

On the other hand, many natural products are not therapeutically effective when used without modification. In many cases, this failure is attributed to low concentrations at the therapeutic targets. One factor that influences the bioavailability of natural products is the extensive metabolism that they undergo in vivo by commensals or probiotics during their passage through the intestine and liver, significantly changing the exact species that is found in systemic circulation [21]. Susceptibility to chemical hydrolysis at physiological pH has been demonstrated for natural substances with high biological activity [22].另一方面，许多天然产物如果不经修饰是没有治疗效果的。

在许多案例中，它们没有疗效的原因是在治疗的靶位点浓度很低。

影响天然产物的生物利用率的一个原因是广泛代谢的存在，广泛代谢是在体循环中发现的，当体内的共生体或益生菌在通过肠道和肝脏时，受广泛代谢的影响，微生物的种类会发生显著改变的现象。

生理pH环境中易发生的水解反应已经证明了天然产物具有高的生物活性。

One alternative to these problems is the use of polymeric microparticle systems, which have shown promise for the adsorption of phytopharmaceuticals. these systems also promote the controlled release of drugs or biologically active hydrophilic or hydrophobic substances [23, 24]. Among the polymers used in the preparation of microcarriers，polyethylene glycol (PEG) has excellent properties such as solubility in both water and organic solvents and the absence of toxicity and antigenicity, which are essential for biomedical applications. there have been multiple studies of the effect of pairing natural or synthetic drugs with PEG microparticle systems [25-33]. these combinations present numerous advantages, such as prolonging residence in the body, decreasing metabolic degradation by enzymes, and reducing or eliminating the immunogenicity of proteins [27] It is likely that the development of drugs that incorporate natural materials will be able to reduce side effects, decrease costs, and maximize the benefits of natural product formulations to avoid the aforementioned problems.这些问题的另一个原因是聚合物微粒体系的应用，在植物药物学中，聚合物微粒体系是吸附的前提。