COMPARISONANDCONTRAST比较与对比解读

2.1 To examine one thing thoroughly and then
start the other.
• Focus: The aspects examined in the two things should be identical and in the same order.
In spite of these differences, the similarities are striding. First, both cities are the political centers of their countries. The president of France lives in the heart of Paris, in the Elysees Palace. Likewise, the president of the United States has its meeting place in Washington, in the Capitol. Second, the two cities look similar. L’Enfant, the French engineer who designed Washington, was greatly influenced by the layout of the capital of France. For this reason, many of the buildings and monuments in Washington are symmetrically located in views of one another, just as they are in Paris. Both cities are also the sites of magnificent monuments, important historical landmarks, fine museums, beautiful parks, and board, treelined avenues. Finally, tourism is as important for Washington as it is for Paris Every year millions of tourists from all parts of the world visit these cities to view their attractions
• A（3）: 2] Finally, a terminator---whether a restatement, , or observation---ends the paragraph.
• B（3）: 2]The essay, too, has a device which brings its ideas to a logically and psychologically satisfying
the topic sentence. • B（2）: 2]Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of
paragraphs that expand and support the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph.
concluding sentence.
2.3 An Analysis of An Essay
• These two patterns can also be used to compose an essay.Now read the following short essay and analyze it according to what you have learned so far
2.4 Planes of Generality of the
Essay
1] Paris and Washington differ in age and population; however, anyone who has seen the two cities can tell that they are very similar. (Thesis statement: tell the readers what they can expect to read in the essay.) 2]The two cities differ in age and population. 3] Of course, Paris is much older than Washington. 4] The French city is over2000 years old. Washington, in contrast, is very young. It is less than 250 years old. 3] The population of of Paris is also much larger than Washington’s. 4] Paris has more than 2,500,000 people. Washington has just over 700,000.
• B（2）: 3]The streets, whether long or short, are straight, spacious, and well-shaded.
• B（3）: 3] Crowds of people can be found here and there, hurrying, noisy, and well-dressed.
2.2 To examine two things at the same time, discussing them point by point.
• Focus: Aspects examined in two things should be identical and in the same order.
• Paris and Washington differ in age and population; however, anyone who has seen the two cities can tell that they are very similar.
• Of course, Paris is much older than Washington. The French city is over2000 years old. Washington, in contrast, is very young. It is less than 250 years old. The population of Paris is also much larger than Washington’s Paris has more than 2,500,000 people. Washington has just over 700,000.
• Pattern: A1, B1;A2, B2;A3,B3 (Seesaw Pattern) • Example: comparison. • 1]Despite their obvious differences in length, the paragraph and the
essay are quite similar structurally. • A（1）: 2]For example, the paragraph is introduced by either a topic
hometown was a small quiet place. • A（1） 3]The houses were small and mean. • A（2） 3]The streets were for the most part narrow
and winding. • A（3） 3]There were few people in the streets and
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST 比较与对比
• 教学重点：1）比较与对比的段落的写作手法；2）常 用表达法和基本句型；3）连接词的运用。
• 教学难点：段落的两种结构方式。
• 教学内容：1 Concepts of comparison and contrast
•
2 Strategies
•
Questions
• 1. Which is the thesis statement of the • essay? • 2. Find the topic sentence and controlling • idea of the 2nd and 3rd paragraph. • 3. Find the connectives in the 3rd paragraph. • 4. Which pattern does this essay follow?
3 Useful expressions and sentence
patterns
•
4 Connectives
1. Pictures
Brainstorming – Generating Ideas
2. Writing Strategies
• In making contrast, we have to compare. There is no other way to point out the difference, i.e. the contrast. What is of great importance is to know that professional writers frequently use these two strategies to develop paragraphs.
structure.
• Notes:1) 1],2],3] indicates the level of generality at which
a sentence is in the paragraph.
•
2) C] is the short form of conclusion, that is, the
• C From a dull little village with clusters of shabby houses in the past, my hometown has now transformed into a big city, cheerful, colorful,and prosperous.
• There are two major ways of organizing paragraphs of comparison and contrast.
• One way is to examine one thing thoroughly and then start the other– Allabout pattern; The other way is to examine two things at the same time, discussing them point by point– Seesaw pattern.
• Pattern: A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, B3. （Allabout Pattern） • Example: Contrast • 1]My hometown is quite different from what it used to be. • Subtopic: 2]Just a little more that ten years ago my
shops.
• Subtopic: 2]Now, everything has changed.
• B（1）:
3]Looking in every direction from the
center of the town, one sees a long succession of giant,
imposing buildings.
completion: the concluding paragraph.
• C] Although exceptions to these generalizations may be
observed in modern creative writing,most well written
expository paragraphs and essays are comparable in
sentence or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. • B（1）: 2]In the essay, the first paragraph provides introductory
material and establishes the topic focus. • A（2）: 2]Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop