德国歌剧英文介绍
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Opera Director
• Prague 1813 • Dresden 1817
Der Freischü tz (1821)
Established German Romantic Opera Leitmotif
• Coined by Weber’s biographer/cataloger F. W. Jähns
Carl Maria von Weber (1786-1826)
Education
Michael Haydn Kapellmeister at 17 Concert Pianist (1809-13)
• Composed Concert Works
Three-Fold Career
Systematic Use of Recurrent Themes
Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
Theatrical Interest by14 Published Writer (1849-51) Art and Revolution Private Music Lessons (Leipzig) The Artwork of the Future 1833 Chorus Master Opera and Drama 1834 Began Producing Operas Jewry in Music 1836 Married Minna Planer Began work on the “Ring” 1839 Paris Tristan und Isolde (1857-59)
Gesamtkunstwerk
• Total, Complete, Joint Artwork • Inner: Orchestra • Outer: Sung Words
Leitmotif
• Association with a particular person, thing, emotion or idea • Accumulates Significance
1842 Dresden
1866 Minna Dies
1871-76 Bayreuth
1849 Weimar/Zurich
Contributions
The Verdi of Germany Music only for Dramatic Expression Music Drama
German Opera
Background
No Established Tradition
Singspiel Only (French Opera)
More open to Experimentation Simple folk-like melodies Village or Country Life Conflict of Good and Evil
Infinite Melody
Dissolution of Tonality
Rienzi (1837-40) The Flying Dutchman (1840-41) Tannhä user (1842-45) Lohengrin (பைடு நூலகம்845-48)
Die Meistersinger von Nü rnberg (1861-67) Cosima Liszt von Bü low “Ring” Performed in entirety Parsifal (1857-1882)
Other Important Music Outlets
Nationalism
Plots from history, legend, or fairy tale
Supernatural
Deliverance from sin through suffering, conversion or revelation Increasingly Chromatic Harmony Importance of the Orchestra