专业英语【土木工程(路桥方向)】

专业英语

English article in Civil Engineering (土木工程专业英语课文)

Lesson1

Careers in Civil Engineering

Engineering is a profession, which means that an engineer must have a specialized university education. Many government jurisdictions also have licensing procedures which require engineering graduates to pass an examination, similar to the bar examination for a lawyer, before they can actively start on their careers.

specialized专门的, 专科的jurisdiction管辖权，权限license许可（证），执照bar 律师业土木工程是一个意味着工程师必须要经过专门的大学教育的职业。许多政府管辖部门还有（一套）认证程序，这一程序要求工科毕业生在他们能积极地开始（从事）他们的事业之前，通过（认证）考试, 这种考试类似于律师职业里的律师考试一样。

In the university, mathematics, physics, and chemistry are heavily emphasized throughout the engineering curriculum, but particularly in the first two or three years. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering, so it is greatly stressed. Today, mathematics includes courses in statistics, which deals with gathering, classifying, and using numerical data, or pieces of information.

mathematics n.数学curriculum n.课程branch n. (学科)分科stress 强调courses n.课程,路线statistics n. 统计学,统计deal with涉及，处理

An important aspect of statistical mathematics is probability, which deals with what may happen when there are different factors, or variables, that can change the results of a problem. Before the construction of a bridge is undertaken, for example, a statistical study is made of the amount of traffic (which) the bridge will be expected to handle. In the design of the bridge, variables such as water pressure on the foundation, impact, the effects of different wind forces, and many other factors must be considered handle

undertake vt.承担amount of traffic n.交通量impact碰撞，冲击Variable 变量大学里, 工科课程中着重强调数学、物理, 和化学,尤其在开始的二到三年。在工科所有分支中，数学非常重要, 因此它被着重地强调。今天, 数学包括统计学中的课程主要涉及集合, 分类, 和使用数字数据, 或信息。统计数学的一个重要方面是概率, 它涉及当有改变问题的结果的不同的因素, 或变量时，可能会发生什么。例如，在承担桥梁的建设之前, 运用统计研究来预计未来桥梁期望承受的交通量. 在桥梁的设计中，(各种)变量如作用在基础上的水压, 碰撞, 不同的风力的作用, 以及许多其它因素必须考虑。

Because a great deal of calculation is involved in solving these problems, computer programming is now included in almost all engineering curricula. Computers, of course, can solve many problems involving calculations with greater speed and accuracy than a human being can. But computer are useless unless they are given clear and accurate instructions and information-in other words, a good program.

be involved in涉及program 编程序，电脑程序curricula n.课程instruction指令由于在解决这些问题涉及大量的计算, 现在几乎所有工科课程中都包括计算机编程。当然,计算机能比人类以更快的速度和准确性解决许多问题。但如果不给计算机清楚和准确指令和信息，换句话说，一个好程序，它也是无用的。

In spite of the heavy emphasis on technical subjects in the engineering curriculum, a current trend is to require students to take courses in the social science and the language arts. The relationship between engineering and society is getting closer; it is sufficient, therefore, to say again that the work performed by an engineer affects society in many different and important ways that he or she should be aware of. An engineer also needs a sufficient command of language to be able to prepare reports that are clear and, in many cases, persuasive. An engineer engaged in research will need to be able to write up his or her finding for scientific publications.

command 把握，支配，控制------翻译时需要引申engage in v.使从事于, 参加write up v.详细描写scientific publication 科技出版物虽然，在工科课程中，对技术科目着重强调，但当前的趋势还是要求学生学习社会科学和语言艺术的课程。工程和社会间的关系变得更加紧密; 因此,再一次充分说明, 工程师负责