词法(名词、限定词)

ADVANCED ENGLISH GRAMMAR

1. Why?

A. Grammar Rules vs. Grammar Competence

B. Three Levels

C. Speaking vs. Interpreting; Writing vs. Translation

2. What? (Course Syllabus)

A. I have been coming Beijing for fourteen years.

B. 男孩：请问你在哪儿学的轮滑呢？

女孩：就在这儿（公园），今天我是第二次滑。

男孩：我今天第一滑。你能不能给我指点指点呢？

女孩：当然可以，跟着我滑吧。

（过了一会儿）

男孩：哇塞，滑冰太有意思了，谢谢你教我！

C. 我已经结婚了，去年结婚的，到现在结婚有一年多了。

D. He is interesting to listen to.

3. How?

A. Think much, practice much.

B. Comparative Study. Interpretation and Translation (mainly C-E)

C. Error Analysis

Week Breakdowns

1 Prospectus

2 Noun (n.): number, case

3 Determiner (det.): Article (art.) and Pronoun (pron.)

4 Figures and Quantifiers

5 Adjectives and Adverbs

6 Preposition

7 Conjunctions and Interjection

9 Notional Verb and Auxiliary Verb

10 Modal Verb

11 Subjunctive Mood

12 Tense and Aspect

13 voice

14 Non-finite Forms: Infinitive, Gerund, Participle

15 Word Building

16 Final Exam

* Changes available

* Evaluation: Attendance, Participation, Assignment, code of conduct

NOUNS

1. Family

Meaning Examples Tips Proper Nouns ... ... Capitalization

Common Nouns 【C】

Individual ... 注意个体名词抽象化

Collective

team, police, family,

committee, bacteria, the …

注意单形复义【U】

Mass

paper, machinery, poetry,

scenery, character, money,

区分总称概念和具体

概念

Abstract ...注意抽象名词具体化

2. Uncountable Nouns

3. Relativity between 【C】and 【U】

Eating for Energy

Do you know anything about this food (1) pyramid? What does it show?

Many professional sports teams have recently added a new member to their organization—a nutritionist. That’s because athletes have become aware that food(2)affects performance. You don’t have to be an athlete to notice this e ffect. If you’ve ever skipped breakfast and then tried to clean the house, you know that you need food for energy. Here are some tips about eating to increase your physical performance:

Eat enough food(3). Your body needs a certain number of calories each day. If you’re too thin, you’ll often feel tried and you’ll be more likely to get sick.

Read the labels on food(4)products. This information will tell you how nutritious the foods(5) are.

Avoid eating foods(6) that are high in simple carbohydrates, protein, and

fat. Use the food(7) pyramid to help you decide how much to eat of each type of food(8). Complex carbohydrates provide the body with “fuel”. They are found in fruits and vegetables, and in bread, rice, pasta, and other foods(9) made from grains. The body uses protein to build muscles, and it uses fat to absorb the vitamins in food(10). Protein and fat are found in foods(11) like milk, cheese, meat, fish, and eggs. Too much fat, however, can be harmful.

4. Single or Plural

A. “二合一”：scissors, scales天平（scale 称），shorts, pajamas(睡衣有很

多种，这里指分体式)

B. “单形复义”people, cattle, police, poultry, livestock

C. “the+形容词”the rich, the poor

D. 单复数同形:sheep, deer, quail, salmon, cod, 国籍名称

E. 没有形式变化的三类：Music（【U】单数）, People（单形复义）, Sheep（可

单可复）

F. 有新义的复数名词

arm/arms, damage/damages, letter/letters, spirit/spirits, line/lines

5. Possessive Case

Logics Links

所属，主谓，动宾，同位

Interpretation Practice

1. 我很高兴他的家人在这里。

2. 翻译系的教师队伍很优秀。

3. 细菌常常是引起疾病的原因。

4. 劳驾，两份草莓冰激凌，三杯啤酒，一杯咖啡。

5. 她有足够的钱过舒服日子。

6．对她年迈的父亲来说，她是一种安慰。