定语从句中关系词的用法

浅谈定语从句中关系词的用法
摘要：定语从句主要都是考查学生使用关系词的用法，所以掌握关系词的含义及使用规则是十分必要的，本文旨在对定语从句关系词的含义及使用规则进行简单的归纳总结。

关键词：关系代词关系副词
定语从句的考题在每年的高考中都占一定的比例，而且试题都是考查学生使用关系词的用法，所以掌握关系词的含义及使用规则是十分必要的，下面我就简单谈一下关系词中关系代词和关系副词的用法。

首先我们得清楚定语从句引导词分为关系代词和关系副词，在定语从句中，关系词本身无固定的意义，其意思随先行词而定，在从句中充当成分。

关系代词分为，who ，whom ，which， that ，whose ，as等。

关系副词分为 when， where， why等，以下就分别谈谈它们的用法。

一：关系代词的用法是在从句中起连接作用，本身又可以作主语，宾语，定语。

1.who， whom ，whose ，
who 指人在定语从句中作主语，不可省略；whom指人在从句中作宾语，可以省略；whose 可以指人又可以指物，在从句修饰名词作定语当它引导的从句修饰物体时，可以与 of which 调换，表达的意思一样。

例： harry porter is a boy who has a scare on his forehead.
the man whom my father saw in the street is my teacher.
mary is a girl whose hair is red.（whose 指人在从句中作girl 的定语）
she lives in a house whose windows face a beautiful lake .（whose指人在从句中作windows的定语）
the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
2. which
which 指物作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。

例：the house which stands on the top of mountain is my house.
the building which he referred to is beautiful.
3. that
that 既可指人也可指物，作主语或宾语；作宾语可以省略。

例：the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
the book that /which you bought is a nice book.
a.只能用that 的情况
（1）先行词为all， much ，little， few， none ，something，anything， everything， nothing 等不定代词时。

例：all that can be done has been done.
（2）既指人又指物
he spoke of the man and the things that he has been abroad.
（3）被序数词或最高级修饰时
例：this is the best films that i have ever seen.
（4）先行词被the very ，the only， the last， any， every 修饰时。

例； this is the very book （that） i am looking for .
（5）先行词是疑问代词who， what ，which时
例；what that is on the table belongs to me .
（6）关系代词在从句中作表语时
例：china is no longer the country （that） it used to be.
b. 不用that的情况
（1）在引导非限定性定语从句时。

（错）the tree， that is four hundred years old， is very famous here.
（2）介词后不能用。

we depend on the land from which we get our food.
4. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
（1） i still remember the day when i first came to the school.
（2） the time when we got together finally came.
5. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
（1） shanghai is the city where i was born.
（2） the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
6. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
（1） please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
（2） i don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
（1） the reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，
（2） from the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
（3） great changes have taken place in the city in which/where i was born.
7.as 引导的非限制性定语从句位于句首，或句末，意为，“正如，正同”。

as you know ，he is a good man.
the meeting is very important， as indeed it is.
8.先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词可用that 也可用as ，但前者意为“同一的”后者意为“同样的”。

试比较：
this is the same book that i lent you yesterday.（这是我昨天借你的那本书）。

this is the same book as i lent you yesterday.（这是我
昨天借你的那种书）。

综上所述，以上是对定语从句关系词做的一个简单总结，但教无定法，而且知识的讲解及应用也是灵活的，但总之都是让学生学以致用，能对他们有所帮助，希望我的总结对您有所帮助。