中考英语专题3:句型转换

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专题三、句型转换

【知识盘点】

句型转换这一题型是先给出一个句子,然后再给出一个包含几个空白处的句子,要求根据括号内的具体要求在第二句的空白处填入适当的词来完成。它有完全的句式转换和句子中某一部分或几部分的转换。

该题型主要考查同学们的语言基础知识及句子结构的构成、变化、运用等。其特点是规律性强、灵活性小,旨在考查考生用不同的句型结构来表达相同、相近或相反的语意的能力,训练灵活运用语言的技巧。

【命题规律】

从题型上看,句型转换可分为两大类:

一是按要求改写句子。即按照指定要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子,如肯定句改为否定句,陈述句改为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句,对划线部分提问等。

另一类是同义句、近义句的转换,即要求用不同的句型,不同的语言手段表达相同的思想。

【命题趋势】

从近年来的考题趋势来看,句型转换从单纯测试语法知识向改变句子结构填空,填词后使句意不变或与要求相符的方向发展。其中许多属于常用句型。

【解题技巧】

一、肯定句改为否定句

1. 改变谓语结构

在系动词be, become, feel, smell等,助动词be, have, do 等以及情态动词can, may, should等后加not。如果句子的谓语中不是以上这些词,而是行为动词,则相应地将动词的原形,第三人称单数或过去式变为否定形式。如:

He has seen the film before.

→He hasn’t seen the film before.

He will write the book in two months.

→He won’t write the book in two months.

He does his homework in the evening.

→He doesn’t do his homework in the evening.

2. 用含否定意义的词(如never, nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few等)。

(1)always / ever →never, and →or。如:

He was always late for school last term.

→He was never late for school last term.

(2)too →not…either, already→not…yet。如:

He goes to school by bike, too.

→He doesn’t go to school by bike, either.

(3)all →none, both→neither, both…and →neither…nor,此时,谓语动词仍用肯定形式,但当neither作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;“neither …nor…”连接两个主语时,谓语动词应和靠近它的主语保持一致。如:

He knows all of the workers here.

→He knows none of t he workers here.

Both of the twins are from England.

→Neither of the twins is from England.

3. 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时,通常用否定主句的谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如:

I think they can come tonight.

→I don’t think they can come tonight.

二、陈述句改为疑问句

1. 一般疑问句。

Sam often does his homework in the evening.

→Does Sam do his homework in the evening?

2. 特殊疑问句。

I got there the day before yesterday.

→When did you get there?

3. 反意疑问句。

Mary doesn’t work hard.

→Mary doesn’t work hard, does she?

注意:Let’s和Let us祈使句的附加问句分别为shall we 和will you。如:

Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?

三、陈述句改为感叹句

The film is very interesting.

→How interesting the film is!

It’s a beautiful flower.

→What a beautiful flower it is!

一般情况下,what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句可相互转换。如:

How nice the watch is! →What a nice watch i t is!

四、对划线部分提问

就划线部分提问,是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分,使之成为一个特殊问句。其方法主要是:先依据语意选择相应的疑问词和疑问句语序,句末改用问号。这时我们要

注意以下几点:

(1)选择恰当的疑问词。

(2)对主语或主语的定语提问时,用陈述句语序。对定语提问时,所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。

(3)对其它成分提问,用“疑问词+一般疑问句”语序。如:

My grandpa has been in Shanxi for ten years.

→Who has been in Shan xi for ten years?

Lily’s dog has lost.

→Whose dog has lost?

Emma bought one dictionary yesterday.

→How many dictionaries did Emma buy yesterday?

句型转换设题广,部分试题难度较大,这就要求同学们有扎实的语言基本功和熟练的解题技巧。

对于按要求改写句子的试题:首先应注意“要求”的内容;二是要注意选词的准确;三是要注意各种句型的特殊点;四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。如:

1. The maths problem is too difficult for him to work out. (改为复合句)

The maths problem is ______ difficult _____ he can’t work it out.

2. The surfers both won first prize in the city surfing competition. (改为否定句)

_____ ______ the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.

3. I think the fastest way to travel is by plane. (改为特殊疑问句)

____ do you think the fastest way to travel ______?

4. Miss Li showed us a picture of the feathered dinosaur. (改为被动语态)

We _____ ______ a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.

答案与简析:

1. too…to…(太……而不能……)=so …that …not (如此……以致……不……),所以,应该填so, that。

2. 从转换后的句式中没有明确的否定词not可知不能用助动词加not的形式来完成。再根据both的反义词是neither,主语又是the surfers,因此应填Neither of。

3. 本题实际上是对“by plane”提问,改换后的句子只是缺少了“is by plane”,因此,该将“by plane”改为“what”,后一个空用“is”。

4. 由showed确定要用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were shown / showed。

做句型转换时应注意的几个问题:

首先应看清题意,分析句子结构,再按句子要求变换句型。

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