(完整word版)英语三大从句对比复习

英语三大从句复习
第一节从句的基本认识
一、从句的概念
英语中的从句是指在主句中担任某个句子成分的句子。

二、从句的分类
一般按其功能分为三大类：名词性从句，形容词性从句，及副词性从句。

主语从句
名词性从句表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
形容词性从句---定语从句。

是用来修饰名词或代词的句子，具有形容词性。

副词性从句---状语从句。

在句中作状语。

第二节从句的基本特点及用法
一、各个从句的共同特点：
1、都有引导词；
2、都有主谓结构；
3、都在主句中担任一个句子成分，不能独立存在。

二、各种从句在主句中的位置及其作用
1、主语从句+谓语
2、主语+系动词+表语从句
3、主语+谓语+宾语从句
eg. I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.
Can you tell me where Mary lives?
注：宾语从句还可以在介词、不定式、V-ing ,及少数形容词后当它们的宾语。

eg. We all agree with him on what he said.
I haven’t found my book yet; in fact, I am not sure where I could have done with it.
4、…同位语词news(idea , fact , hope , promise etc)+同位语从句
eg. We heard the news that our team had won.
5.…主语（先行词）+定语从句+谓语
主语+谓语+宾语（先行词）+定语从句
主语+系动词+表语（先行词）+定语从句
+eg. Gone are the days when Shanghai was a paradise for imperialist adventures.
Is this the restaurant in which you work?
6. 主句+状语从句或状语从句，+主句注意逗号
三．各种从句的引导词的选择。

关于这个问题是学生学习从句这一内容的最大障碍，要弄清属于什么从句，除了分清各从句在主句中的位置外，关键在于弄懂各个引导词在从句中的作用。

要使学生做到这点，我们可根据各类从句的特点通过列表说明。

表1：名词性从句的引导词
注意: [1]表语从句还可以用as if/though(好像，婉如)来引导
[2]whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever主要引导主语从句和宾语从句。

[3]同位语从句往往用连词that和连接副词来引导。

[4]名词性从句的引导词除that外，都有词义；除that, if, whether外，都在从句中担任句子成分。

[5]连词that在宾语从句中往往省去。

如：He told me (that) he had bought a new lamp.
[6]名词性从句的引导词根据其词义进行选择，并参考其在从句中担任的成分。

表2：定语从句的引导词
注意:[1]定语从句的引导词在从句中都担任句子。

[2]定语从句的引导词无具体词义，大都可翻译成汉语的“的”字。

[3]定语从句的引导词和先行词是同一概念的事物。

[4]引导词在定语从句中当宾语时可以省去。

[5]定语从句的引导词是根据先行词进行选择。

[6]what不能当定语从句的引导词。

7. 强调句型
表3：状语从句的引导词
注：（1）状语从句的引导词都有具体词义，担在从句中不担任句子成分。

（2）状语从句的引导词的选择首先看是属于哪一类从句，再根据引导词的词义适当地进行选择。

（3）状语从句的引导词一般不省略。

（4）让步状语从句由as（尽管）引导时，从句的表语或状语要放在as之前。

如：Poor as he was, he was honest.
Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.
（5）however（无论怎样）,no matter how（无论怎样）引导的让步状语从句其后须紧跟形容词或副词。

如：No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink.
No matter how difficult the work may be, we must surely complete it.
各大从句解题思路：
第一步：首先弄清句子结构，再查看考查的是哪一种从句。

第二步：知道是什么从句后，再确定相应的关系词
题组一从句
)24. It is by no means clear _______ the president can do to end the strike.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what
)9. It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing —both roads lead to the park.
A. whether
B. how
C. if
D. when
（22. It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whether
B. when
C. which
D. where
31. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. why
)38. — We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?
— No, I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
22. __________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which
B. What
C. That
D. Whom
7. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. where
B. whether
C. that
D. why
35.We promise _____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
(
26. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doe r, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. why
24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A. why
B. how
C. that
D. whether
31. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
）26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
）32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
A. they
B. where
C. what
D. that
28．By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A．which B．when C．what D．that
14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A. them
B. that
C. which
D. what
39. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. as
11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which
B. where
C. who
D. that
19. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
A. though
B. whether
C. as
D. since
29. __________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at baske tball.
A. Since
B. Once
C. Unless
D. While
36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ____ it comes out
on DVD.
A. whether
B. after
C. though
D. until
7. The police officers in our city work hard _____ the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case
B. as if
C. in order that
D. only if
6. As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
A. when
B. before
C. after
D. since
）29. He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
A. since
B. as
C. when
D. than
25. I don't believe we've met before, _______ I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore
B. although
C. since
D. unless。