英语的句法和词法6 -----形容词和副词

英语的词法-6 & 7 -------形容词&副词

形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏，与否。

形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing（复合不定代词）为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice

1.用形容词表示类别和整体

某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。

如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry

2. 以-ly结尾的形容词

(1)friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。

(2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。

daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.

(2) 不规则变化

考点：

原级比较: 两个比较对象程度相同，用as…as结构，中间加副词原形，如果是否定，再前面加上否定词not so…as。比如：She plays the piano as well as I.她弹钢琴和我弹得一样好。

Keeping a diary in English is not so difficult as some students image.每天写英语日记对于学生来说也并不是一件难事。

比较级:两个相比，A比B强，就用比较级，通常用“…比较级+than”的结构。

比如：She sings better than her sister.她比她妹妹唱得好。

你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗？

还有两个结构很常用，一个是“越来越”more+and+more；一个是“越…，越…”，the more…，the more。

比如：In order to earn more money, he worked harder and harder.为了挣更多的钱，他工作越来越努力。

The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get.你学习越努力，你的知识就越丰富。

那孩子哭得越来越厉害。

上个星期的天气不如今天的天气那么潮湿。as +adj./ adv.+ as ...…not as(so) +adj. / adv. +as ...

我认为艺术不如音乐重要。more/ less +adj.+ than...

最高级: 用于多者中比较，用“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构，注意，副词最高级前的冠词可以省略。

比如：Now tell me, my dears, which of you loves me most?现在告诉我，亲爱的孩子们，你们当中谁最爱我

She runs (the) most slowly among us.她在我们中跑得最慢。

3.interested与interesting 及与这类相关的几个词：excited/ exciting, scared/ scaring, terrified/ terrifying, surprised/ surprising,

interesting指人或东西“有趣的”，作定语或表语，而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”，只能作表语(excited/exciting;bored/boring等类似)。如:

The teacher is very interesting and all the children like him.那个老师很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他。

This cartoon movie is really interesting. Most kids like it.这部卡通电影确实有意思。大部分孩子都喜欢。

Li Lei is very interested in physics.李磊对物理非常感兴趣。

辨析使用：---ing , ----ed

A. Tom doesn't like thrillers because it's. (scary)

B. Bob often says that swimming is than hiking in reducing weight, but he always spends more time on swimming. (interest)

C. I was so for the movie was very . ( excite)

D. we were all at the news. ( surprise)

4. whole与all

记住两个词序：the whole+名词；all(of) the+名词。如:

He was busy the whole morning.整个早晨他都很忙。

He can remember all the words he learns.他能记住学过的所有单词。

辨析使用：43. both/all/whole

A. _____ the books are here. You may choose any of them!

B. _____ of the twins like spending _____ their money on books.

C. "The workers worked the _____ day." means. "The workers worked _____ day."

5. sick与ill

sick和ill都表示“生病的”，但是sick可以作定语、表语，而ill只能做表语。如:

He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.他病了很久,现在非常虚弱。

Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱。

6. much too, too much词序颠倒，意不同

(1) too much可以用作副词，也可以形容词，意为“太多、过于”。用作副词时，在句中作状语。如：

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太久,对你的眼睛不好。

His father was too much surprised to see him here.他的爸爸看到他在这儿非常吃惊。

too much用作形容词时，常用来修饰不可数名词。如：

He drank too much beer last night.他昨晚酒喝得太多。

Please don't waste too much money.请不要浪费太多的钱。

Mike, you have eaten too much. You can't eat any more.迈克,你吃得太多了,你不能再吃了。

It's too much for me.这个我干不了。

(2) much too用作副词时，通常用来修饰形容词或副词，意为“极其、非常、实在太”。如：

This problem is much too difficult for me to work out.这个问题非常难,我算不出来。

This shirt is much too expensive for him.这件衬衫对他来说,实在太贵了。

辨析使用：56. much too/too much/too many

A. Mr. Green eats _______ food, so he is ______ fat.

B. I have ______ books to read and ______homework to do today.