初三英语动词专题及专项练习

动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去式、现

在分词和过去分词。

（3种结构）

表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。

“主·谓·（宾）”结构

Peter always spends too much time playing computer games.

Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning.

I like listening to classical music.

“There· be”结构

There is a map on the wall. There are some birds in the sky.

“主·系·表”结构

It’s very cold today. The earth is bigger than the moon.

My father is a teacher.

动词第三人称单数

（3种结构）

表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中, 动词必须用过去式.

不规则变化 （参考课本）

一般过去时常见的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last （week/ month/

year/Sunday --）

this ---；

just now ； --- ago; after ---; when --- 等等。

注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否定句时，需借

助did或didn’t构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如：

I went to the zoo yesterday.

My mother didn’t go to the park last weekend.

Did Jim come to see you last night?

.

表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。（只有延续性动词有进行时；非延续性动词没有进行时）

主语 + 系动词（am / is / are ）+ 现在分词

现在分词的构成

现在进行时的标志：Look； Listen； now； at the moment / at present

Look. Alice is reading a magazine over there.

Listen. Peter is singing a Chinese song.

Alice is talking to Peter now.

I’m learning Japanese at the moment.

特殊情况：非延续性动词没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式表示将来时。

主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词：表示将来时。

I’m going to school now.

Mary is leaving for New York soon.

Spring Festival is coming.

I’m arriving in Beijing.

表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。

主语 + 系动词（was / were ）+ 现在分词

David was doing his homework at 8 o’clock yesterday.

I was doing my homework at his time yesterday.

Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him.

表示将要发生的动作，或计划或打算作某事。

主语 + will + 动词原形

主语 + ( am / is / are ) + going to + 动词原形

主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词：

例如：

I will tell you the good news.

John is going to visit Hangzhou next week.

My father is coming to Qingdao tomorrow.

一般将来时常见的提示:

tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next week; in the future; in three days; this evening, soon, at the end of this term

一般将来时的用法

1.表示将来的动作或状态。例如：

We will get to Shanghai tomorrow.

2.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中，“句子”用一般将来时。例如：

Get up early, and you will catch the early bus.

Hurry up, or you will be late for school.

“be going to+动词原形”与“will+动词原形”

be going to和will在一般情况下可以互换，但是在下列情况下将来时要用will。

表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。 ( 间接引语 / 宾语从句 )

主语 + would + 动词原形

主语 + ( was / were ) + going to + 动词原形

主语 + ( was / were ) +非延续动词的动名词

例如：

I thought you would help the old man.

Mary was going to take part in this meeting.

He said he was leaving for Hong Kong.

含义：现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响”.

汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、“曾经”、“还没有”等词语.

构成：主语 + have / has + 过去分词例如：

I have seen this movie before. (结果：我了解这部影片的内容 )

He has had a good education. (结果：他的知识水平很高 )

现在完成时常见的标志:

so far / up to now ; recently ; in recent years ; before ; in the past …/ in the last … / over the past … / over the last …

since / for: 既可以用于“现在完成时”, 也可以用于“现在完成进行时”.

already / yet / ever / never / before: 既可以用于“现在完成时”, 也可以用于“过

去完成时”.

I have already finished the work. / I have just finished the work.

Have you finished the work yet ?

I haven’t finished my work yet.

延续性动词与非延续性动词

延续性动词可以接一段时间；

非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间, 如果要接一段时间, 就必须把非延续性动词替换成

相应的延续性动词.

come -- be here He came here two hours ago.

He has been here for two hours.

go -- be out/ be away They went out an hour ago.

They have been out for an hour.

leave --- be away Tom left ten minutes ago.