管理信息系统11-讲义
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11-10
11.6.2 DFDs
Data flow diagram
– Document a system in a hierarchical manner – Data flows, processes, environmental elements
Context level is overall system within environment Leveled and Balanced DFDs
管理信息系统11
11.2 What is Data Processing?
Manipulation or transformation of symbols for the purpose of increasing their usefulness. Data processing (DP) and transaction processing (TP) are often used interchangeably. Applied to business data
Payables ledger data
2.
Other reports
Order replenish-
Budget reports
ment
stock
Purchase Orders
Shipments Supplier invoices
Suppliers
Income statement
Balance sheet
Management
Other reports
Stock
图11-2
Materials stockroom
11-12
Customers
Sales Orders Rejected sales order notices
Invoices Statements Payments by customers Receivables ledger data
Purchases orders
Distribution system
Shipments
Supplier invoices
Suppliers
Supplier statements
Payments to suppliers
Income statement
Balance sheet
Budget reports
11-11
Customers Sales orders
A Context Diagram of the Distribution System
Commitments
Rejected sales order notices Invoices Statements Payments by customers
11-9
11.6 Sample AIS
The Distribution System
Users
– Manufacturers – Wholesalers – Retailers
General in nature Used in many different types of firms
– Retailers – Manufacturing – Service
– Hardcopy or on-screen
11-8
11.5 Characteristics of the AIS
Performs necessary tasks Standard procedures Detailed data Historical focus Provides minimal problem-solving information
– Describes each transaction – Represents most of the database
11-7
Data Processing Tasks [cont.]
4. Document preparation
– Triggers
»By an action »Bห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ a time schedule
Transform
Output physical resources
Environment
11-4
11.4 Data Processing Tasks
1. Gather data
– Each transaction is documented – What happened? – When did it happen? – How much (volume, value)? – Transactions describe
11-5
Data Processing Tasks [cont.]
2.Manipulate data
– Classify (use codes) – Sort – Calculate – Summarize
11-6
Data Processing Tasks [cont.]
3. Store data
1. Fill Orders
A Figure 0 Diagram of the Distribution System
图11-3
Inventory ledger data
Received items
Purchasing data Commitments
3. Maintain general
ledger
11-2
11.3 Accounting Information Systems (AIS)
Gathers data describing a firm’s activity Transforms data into information Makes information available to users inside and outside the firm
Supplier statements Payments to suppliers
11-3
A Model of an Accounting Information System
Environment
Information
Management
Data
Data processing
software
Accounting Information System
Database
Input physical resources
11.6.2 DFDs
Data flow diagram
– Document a system in a hierarchical manner – Data flows, processes, environmental elements
Context level is overall system within environment Leveled and Balanced DFDs
管理信息系统11
11.2 What is Data Processing?
Manipulation or transformation of symbols for the purpose of increasing their usefulness. Data processing (DP) and transaction processing (TP) are often used interchangeably. Applied to business data
Payables ledger data
2.
Other reports
Order replenish-
Budget reports
ment
stock
Purchase Orders
Shipments Supplier invoices
Suppliers
Income statement
Balance sheet
Management
Other reports
Stock
图11-2
Materials stockroom
11-12
Customers
Sales Orders Rejected sales order notices
Invoices Statements Payments by customers Receivables ledger data
Purchases orders
Distribution system
Shipments
Supplier invoices
Suppliers
Supplier statements
Payments to suppliers
Income statement
Balance sheet
Budget reports
11-11
Customers Sales orders
A Context Diagram of the Distribution System
Commitments
Rejected sales order notices Invoices Statements Payments by customers
11-9
11.6 Sample AIS
The Distribution System
Users
– Manufacturers – Wholesalers – Retailers
General in nature Used in many different types of firms
– Retailers – Manufacturing – Service
– Hardcopy or on-screen
11-8
11.5 Characteristics of the AIS
Performs necessary tasks Standard procedures Detailed data Historical focus Provides minimal problem-solving information
– Describes each transaction – Represents most of the database
11-7
Data Processing Tasks [cont.]
4. Document preparation
– Triggers
»By an action »Bห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ a time schedule
Transform
Output physical resources
Environment
11-4
11.4 Data Processing Tasks
1. Gather data
– Each transaction is documented – What happened? – When did it happen? – How much (volume, value)? – Transactions describe
11-5
Data Processing Tasks [cont.]
2.Manipulate data
– Classify (use codes) – Sort – Calculate – Summarize
11-6
Data Processing Tasks [cont.]
3. Store data
1. Fill Orders
A Figure 0 Diagram of the Distribution System
图11-3
Inventory ledger data
Received items
Purchasing data Commitments
3. Maintain general
ledger
11-2
11.3 Accounting Information Systems (AIS)
Gathers data describing a firm’s activity Transforms data into information Makes information available to users inside and outside the firm
Supplier statements Payments to suppliers
11-3
A Model of an Accounting Information System
Environment
Information
Management
Data
Data processing
software
Accounting Information System
Database
Input physical resources