2020高考英语增分大二轮讲义:语法部分+专题三+重难点课时+第3讲+Word版含答案
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第3讲并列句和复合句
并列句和复合句也是历年高考的必考点和易失分点,考生应高度重视。造成失分的主要原因是不能区分并列句和复合句而误用连词,因此考生必须知晓并列句与定语从句、状语从句及名词性从句的用法区别。解答此类试题的关键在于要学会分析句子并理清逻辑关系。
考点感悟
考点素能
一并列句
1.并列连词及重点句式
(1)并列连词的功能及常用的并列连词
并列连词既可以连接并列的单词或短语,也可以连接并列的分句。在语法填空无提示词的考查中,当两个或两个以上的单词、短语之间没有连词时,一般是填并列连词;当两个或两个以上的句子之间没有连词时,就需要根据逻辑关系来判定用并列连词还是从属关联词。
常见的并列连词有:
(2)并列句的重点句式
●祈使句+and/or+陈述句。
●sb. was doing sth. when .../sb. was about to do sth. when ...
2.并列句的易错点
(1)并列句本身的易错点
并列句本身的易错点主要集中在三方面:一是逻辑关系不清,误用连词;二是连词的多余,如,although/though不能和but连用,because不能和so连用;三是连词的缺失,要牢记,两个谓语之间或两个分句之间应有一个连词。
(2)并列句与定语从句的区别
并列句与定语从句的主要区别在于:并列句是由and, but等并列连词连接两个简单句,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
[典例1]①They live in a small house, in front of ________ stands an orange
tree.
②They live in a small house, and in front of ________ stands an orange tree.
解析两句的区别是连词and,句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句,空格处为引导词,表示物,故填which;句②and连接两个并列分句,空格处指代前面分句中的small house,故填it。
(3)并列句与状语从句的区别
并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”,两者之间是并列关系;而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句,一个是从句,从句是用来修饰主句的。
[典例2]①________ money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness.
②Money is necessary for a happy life, ________ it can't buy happiness.
解析两个题都应该填连词。句①空格所在句子是让步状语从句,故填从属连词Although/Though;句②空格前后是转折关系,是两个并列的简单句,故填并列连词but。
二定语从句
1.定语从句的引导词和解题步骤
●定语从句的引导词
●定语从句的解题步骤
[典例]But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析第一步:找出句子中的先行词,并将其还原代入从句中,使从句成为
一个完整的句子“in the mid-1980s I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild”;
第二步:确定被代入部分在从句中充当的成分。in the mid-1980s在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词;
第三步:先行词in the mid-1980s指时间,故填when。
2.定语从句的易错点
易错点1what不能引导定语从句
[典例](2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.
解析dishes后为定语从句,what不能引导定语从句,此处引导词在从句中作cooked的宾语。故what→that/which或去掉what。
易错点2that不能引导非限制性定语从句
[典例](2014·北京高考)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, that my classmates recommended to me.
解析分析句子结构可知,先行词为the book,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,且关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,故that→which。
易错点3定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择
[典例]I simply cut the branch ________ the bird was sitting on.
解析定语从句的先行词为表示地点的branch,但定语从句缺少宾语,故填that/which。注意:此处不能用where。
易错点4逗号后面的引导词不一定用which
[典例](2019·六安模拟)To realize my dream, I must learn as much as I can to get into a good medical college, which I can make full preparations for the job of a doctor.
解析逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a good medical college,引导词在从句中作地点状语,故which→where或which前加in。
易错点5that与which的误用
下列情况只用that不用which
●当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时;