苔丝的性格背景分析英文论文
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析英语毕业论文
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析英语毕业论文Character Analysis of Tess in "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" - English Graduation ThesisIntroduction:Written by Thomas Hardy in 1891, "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" unfolds the tragic life of Tess, a beautiful and innocent girl who faces destitution, hardship, and betrayal. This thesis aimsto analyze the character of Tess, focusing on her personality traits, development, and conflicts, highlighting her strength, vulnerability, and the impact of society on her life.1. Pure and Innocent:Tess is introduced as a pure and innocent girl from a humble background. Her beauty captivates others, symbolizing her purity. Her innocence is evident in her encounter with Alec, which leads to her downfall. She is unaware of his intentions and struggles with the consequences of this encounter throughout the novel. Tess's pure and innocent nature is her defining quality, which sets her apart from the corrupt and shallow society she lives in.2. Strong and Resilient:Despite the challenges she faces, Tess demonstrates great strength and resilience. She takes responsibility for herfamily's welfare after her father's death, showing herdetermination to provide for them. Tess's strength is also seen in her decision to leave Alec and search for a new life. She endures physical and emotional hardships, yet she never loses her will to survive. Her resilience allows her to carry on, even in the face of despair.3. Vulnerability and Victimhood:4. Internal Conflict:Throughout the novel, Tess experiences profound internal conflicts. Her conflict with herself is particularly evident in her relationships with Angel and Alec. She feels torn between her desire for love and her fear of losing her innocence. Tess's internal conflict intensifies as she grapples with guilt and societal condemnation. She questions her worthiness and struggles with her perceived status as a fallen woman. This internal battle adds depth to her character and highlights the moral dilemmas she faces.5. Influence of Society:Conclusion:。
苔丝 论文
Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all Thomas Hardy’s works. The novel tells a tragic life about a beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. This thesis analyzes the personal character and society tragedy open out at that time. The author, Hardy, revealed a common girl, Tess, fought with the society helplessly. Finally, Tess’s tragic life can not be separated from her own weakness in character Keywords :Tess; Tragic Life; personal character；Victim of Society摘要《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代最为有影响力的一部著作。
该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。
论文分析了造成苔丝悲剧的原因，个人的性格和社会的因素。
苔丝的悲剧生活于其自身的弱点是分不开的。
作者哈代揭示了一个普通女孩，苔丝无助地与当时社会抗争，最终苔丝成为社会的牺牲品。
关键词：苔丝；悲惨的命运；性格因素；社会的牺牲品Introduction (3)I Historic al Background (5)1.1: A brief introduction to Hardy (5)1.2: Work Background (6)II Deep consideration about tragic fate (6)III Society tragedy (7)3.1 Family tragedy (7)3.2 Society tragedy (8)3.3Worldly prejudice (8)IV:Her own personality Conclusion (9)Bibliography (9)IntroductionTess was born in a poor family. One day, her father was told that he was the lineal descendants of ancient family of the D’Urbervilles. He and his vain and vulgar wife decided to sent Tess to a rich family also called D’Urbervilles’s descendant. In order to increase their society status, Tess went to the rich family, after that being raped and pregnant. The child was born, then died soon. Several years later, she left home to a milk factory to work. There did she meet her true love Angel Clare. They fell in love and engaged. She greatly admired Angel Clare and loved him. But Angel did not learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night. On the wedding night, Tess told all about it to his husband, but she did not get his understanding. After that Angel abandoned her then he went to Brazil to develop his business alone. When Tess and Alec met again, because of the hard life, she lived with Alec again. Several years later, Angel returned from abroad. He was very sorry for what he did. And he told Tess his thought. For Tess loved him so addicted, she wanted to back to Angel. So Tess murdered Alec.After she spent a few days of happiness with Angel, Tess was arrested and then died. Thomas Hardy was the last important novelist of the Victoria ages, an age of realism rather than of romanticism –a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are. Victorian literature in general truthfully represents the reality and spirit of this age long—realistic, thickly plotted, and crowded with characters. Hardy’s expression of the truth of this age which came from the agitation of life and fatalism of human being also had a high placein Western literature. The tragic idea in H ardy’s novels spring and develop in form and connotation. The tragedy consciousness in Hardy’s novels originated from Western traditional tragic spirit which was full of rationalism and profound reflection on the contradictions of human society. And it also revealed an ineluctable and inevitable conditionality of fate. That is to say, the heroes or heroines would slip into the tragic path of life in the end in Western literature no matter whether they liked or not, or where they hided. Tragedy was their final arrangement. When he was young, he derived a love of music from his father and a devotion to literature from his mother. He grew up in the Dorset shire, of which the environment there became the main backdrop of his writings. Thomas Hardy was afamous critical realistic wreter at the turn of the 19th century in England, His writings often reflected the change after capitalism intruded the countries in England and the people’s hard life. Hardy began to creating the novels in the early 1870s. In the late 1890s, he turned to write poetry. The Britain in this period was undergoing a transition period from laisser-faire capitalism to imperialism. The capitalism thought that the social system of this period could not be changed. But Hardy’s works exactly clas hed with it, which reflected the tremendous changes of society due to the invasion of industrial capital to the village. Tess of the D’Urbervilles was published in the year of 1891, which was one of his most famous novels. This novel explosed women’s tra gic life in that time.The thesis discribs two reasons, one is Tess’s personality character, another one is society reasonsI Historical Background1.1: A brief introduction to HardyTess is the heroine of Tomas Hardy’s representative work—Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Thomas Hardy was a British post-realism, the most distinguished novelists and poet. Hardy is the most representative he claims to be "the character and environment of the novel" of a group of works in the late 19th century and the early 20th century.In many ways, he belonged more to the 20th century than to the 19th century.He was known as a Victorian Poet .He used his writings to elaborate his own pessimistic view of life.His poetry marks the transition from the Victorian Age to the modernist movement of the 20th century.He carried forward and developed the literary traditions of the Victorian Age. He described the tragic plots vividly and truthfully in his works. He was considered as ―Shakespeare of British novels‖. Hardy's langu age has the simplicity of a countryman’s speech coupled with the sophisticated vocabulary of an educated man.Symbolism is an important feature of Hardy’s words, so that many objects, natural phenomena and characters in the novels are given symbolic meaning s.Unlike some other authors, most of Hardy’s novels are tragic.His novels are so well-knit that they calls us for deep thought about the true life in Victorian age.1.2: Work BackgroundTess is the most representative work of Hardy as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer.This story happened in the late of ―Britain's Victorian era‖. At thattime, Capitalist class controlled the society, and all laws served for them. Farmers were at the bottom of the society, they had no equal right as the capitalist class. In addition, men were the center of the society and women has no right at all at that time. The story is about the tragic life of Tess Durbeyfield, the daughter of a poor family. She is sent to work as a maid for d’Urbervilles, because she has to support her poor family. Tess is seduced by Alec, the son of the family which she serves for, and then gives birth to a child. However, the child dies in infancy, which makes her very depressed. After that, she goes to work on a dairy farm, and then she is engaged to Angel Clare, the son of a clergyman. On their wedding night, they tell each other about their past hoping to be forgiven by each other. However, Clare leaves her after that because he can’t accept the truth. Then Tess becomes a labor again. She is insulted and ill-treated by her master. What’s worse, her father’s death and the bad condition of her family drive her to seek help from Alec who is a preacher now, and she can do nothing but to abbey him. Angel Clare comes back and wants to be reco nciled to Tess, but the fact that Tess’ living with Alec hinders her from coming back to Clare. At last, Tess kills Alec in despair and she is soon arrested, tried and hanged.Origins of Tess’ tragic destiny are mainly composed of three aspects—tragic fate,society tragedy and her own personalityII Deep consideration about tragic fateThis related with author's own personality and view. He believe there exist a super nature force.Hardy was pessimistic about life. The main theme of his novels is thefutilit y of man’s effort to struggle against cruel and unintelligible fate, chance, and circumstances, which are all predestined by the immanent will.Tess did not want to be seduced by man and she had no power to defender herself. So she lost her innocence and th at’s all! Angel also did the wrong thing and it was even more serious than Tess’ crime, but he was not blamed. Why it is always the woman who pays? Why they are always hurt? Why was Tess’ girlish purity lost? Why does the wrong man take the wrong woman? Why does the bad often ruin the good? Why is beauty damaged by ugliness? Women are too weak! Thousands of years of history have shown us that women have always been treated unfairly!III Society tragedy3.1 Family tragedyTess’ family is another important reason for her tragedy. On one hand, her family is very poor. Her father is a lazy vendor and her mother is a vulgar wash worker. She has young brothers and sisters who need care. So she has no choice but to try her best to make money to support her family. On the other hand, her parents want to live a better life and show off the so-called ―aristocrat‖ status, especially her mother. They are eager to send Tess to the D’Urbervilles family to work and marry the wealthy gentleman. It was if only a kinsman, an aristocrat, could approach her. To some extent, it is Tess’ parents who make the chance for Alec. In other words, Tess is a tool used to get money and reputation for her parents. Tess would not enter d’Urbervilles family if her family is better off; Tess would not be insulted by Alec if her family does not give her any pressure. What’sworse, her family never teaches her anything that a girl needs to know.Therefore, ―it is this homeless despair of a family which has lost its rights and independence in the village community that gives Tess finally into the invader’s power‖3.2 Society tragedyThe background times of the novel is late nineteenth century, when the British invaded the capitalist mode of production in agriculture in remote areas, it brought agricultural workers misfortune and bad luck. In this period the British Empire is going through a few bad turns, it was maintained in the world of industrial monopoly position in the gradual loss of the capitalist world because the outbreak of severe economic crisis in the seventies . After two decades, British was almost constantly in a crisis and depression. In rural areas, from 70 to 90 a corresponding outbreak of a serious crisis happened. Works in the background is a true reflection of the rural girl Tess short and tragic life.3.3 Worldly prejudiceTess is the unfortunate victim of secular morality prejudice. Tess was seduced by Alec .But she did not get married. She suffered from the gossips and blamed herself. She gained a bad reputation and nobody dared to go near her. On the wedding day, she told her unpleasant experience to Angel, hoping that she would be forgiven as she forgave him. Angel refused to forgive her, although he was also a play-boy.What a shame! The worldly prejudice sacrificed Tess’ pure love and deprived her wrights of pursuing happiness!IV:Her own personalityHer tragdy can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise. As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic.ConclusionTess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just to criticize the society in his time. Hardy’s works are known as ―novels of character and environment.‖ The origins of Tess’ tragic fate are various.Tess became a victim of the modern society. It raise us so many thoughts and it is great wealth to us .It reward us reading thousand times to experience tess's life.Bibliography［1］, Thomas Hardy. Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press,2004.［2］，Li Jian, Yuanjing. The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess［J］. Journal of Daqing Teachers’ College, 2005.［3］，Chenxia.. Analysis of the Tragic Mood in ―Tess of the D’Urbervilles‖ ［J］. Journal of Renmin University of China (social societies), 1998.［4］，陈焘宇编选：《哈代创作论集》，北京，中国社会科学出版社，1982。
英语论文 《德伯家的苔丝》苔丝的悲剧成因分析
contentsAbstract (I)内容摘要 (II)1. Introduction (1)1.1 About tragedy and Tess of D’urbervilles (1)1.2 About Thomas Hardy (2)1.3 Background of the Novel (3)2. Two Deep Stratification of the Tess’ tragedy in the ovel (4)2.1 Family and Society Caused Tess’s Tragedy (4)2.2 Hypocritical Capitalism Morals View and Unequal Legal System (5)2.3 Impoverishment and Decay of Small Farmers (6)3. Characters Analysis in the Novel (6)3.1 Tess’s Character (7)3.2 Alec’s Characters (9)3.3 Clare’s Characters (10)Conclusion (13)Bibliography (14)AbstractLiterature is a mirror of real life which can reflect all aspects of people’s lives. More and more scholars have begun to study a country from the roots of economy, politics and culture. As early as ancient Greece, there were some creations of tragedy. Thomas Hardy was a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century in England; Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all his works. The British famous writer Thomas Hardy was one of the excellent novelists of the Victorian age. His novel reflected the real society. He delineated a lot of characters of tragedies, showing various persons’ enchantment. Hardy succeeded in portraying the image of heroine Tess and revealing the hypocritical ethics and morals of bourgeois society. This novel describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. The article describes the society environment, then begins to analysis of characters’ personality and religion factors open out at that time. Tess’s tragic life is caused by that society and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise. As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic. This paper will discuss the causes of Tess tragedy in terms of environment and characters that Tess involved.Key Words：Tess’s Tragedy; Social Environment; Family Environment; Moral ethic; Character内容摘要文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子，反映了生活的方方面面。
德伯家的苔丝Tessofthed’Urbervilles英文读书报告经典
德伯家的苔丝Tessofthed’Urbervilles英文读书报告经典第一篇：德伯家的苔丝Tess of the d’Urbervilles 英文读书报告经典Tess of the d’UrbervillesIn Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy has directly satirized nature.This novel revealed the tragedy of lower classes’ destiny and flayed hypocritical gentlemen and morals.In this novel, Hardy demonstrated his deep sense of moral sympathy for England’s lower classes, particularly for women.The novel, which indicated the tendency of anti-religious sentiments, against feudal morality and the laws of capitalists, was warmly received by the reading public though British upper class was bitter against it.In the novel, Thomas Hardy succeeded in portraying an artistic image-Tess.There were sensitivity and beauty to her that have nothing to do with looks.Her beauty is not kind of stunning beauty, but the more you approach to her, you will be more likely to indulge in her beauty.Although she is not an orthodox believer, she has her own pure pursuits of life and living criteria.Her integrated image of kindness and tenderness, tough-minded and plainness should own her a happy life.But it seems that God leaves her out.Alec in the novel is the son of a Manor owner, being dissolute and flirtatious in conduct;however, generally, he is not essentially a bad man.His strong desire to T ess is out of a sort of inherently desire and desire for possession.It’s very normal for such a young man.But he adopts a wrong way-he abducts Tess.He would like to take a part of responsibility of his behavior but Tess turn down his suggestion without hesitation.Tess’s self-respect can’t allow herself bend down to harm.Such a pure girl, should be so strong-mind to bear neighbor’s discrimination and secular p ressure and to take the consequences by herself.She has never asked Alec for help even when she is driven to the last ditch.Finally, Tess chooses to leave for another village where her past is not known and secures a job as a milkmaid at T albothays Dairy.She escapes from the old environment, meanwhile, prepares to make a new start.She fears a romantic love, at the same time, strongly looks forward to it.Anyway, she is only 21years old, she has the right to enjoy the pleasure that love can bring to her.There, she re-encounters Angel Clare who is eager for nature and full of dreams, is Tess’s Prince Charming, one of unfinished dreams in her girlhood.As for Angel Clare, Tess is part of his persistent vision.What he wants is a pure girl to be his wife.Such a match made in heaven will certainly wipe out spark of love.However, the process of their love is filled with difficulties and hardship.Tess, who is pure in mind, is tightly tided by worldly views so that she thinks she can’t marry to Clare for her unclean bod y.All the time she is hesitating about, bearing a keen pressure of sentiment and intellect, weather should her tell Angel about her past without reserve.The pain that Angel suffers in the pursuit of T ess is far away from Tess’s inner struggle.She could not confessto her lover for being terrified of losing him.And she could not give up the happiness within her grasp to refuse Clare against her will.At their wedding night, Angel confesses that he once had a brief affair with an older woman.When she hears this story, Tess feels sure that Angel will forgive her own indiscretion, and finally tells about her relationship with Alec.But things go contrary to her wishes.Angel, however, is appalled by Tess’s confession.His love to Tess is based on the sky garden of pure tower.Once the base is deprived, his love will collapse.His love is too fragile andvulnerable.Finally, he leaves for Brazil, leaving T ess alone, no messages, no letters and never back again.Tess has waiting for him eight years but can’t win back his he arts.When he realizes his heart, everything is too late.Tess has married to Alec after a long hopeless waiting.Afterwards, when Angel back, on the one hand, Tess felt happy, for her long waiting has come to an end.But on the other hand, she was more distressful and could not control her abhor to Alec.Thus, she killed the man who had destroyed her life.Though, Tess and Angel have spent the five happy days, her life is ended in revenge for love.But she is quiet when she faces the people coming to arrest her.S he says,”I was ready.”I know that Tess is happy at the last moment of her life.Because it’s her hope to be with the man who she loves sincerely and there is no need for her to worry about Angel’s despise.Tess, such a pretty and virtuous girl, should have led a happy and peaceful life, but God, “the president of the moral” plays a joke on her.The real tragedy is to display the process of ruining the perfection.Tess’s fate is a good representation.第二篇：《德伯家的苔丝》读书报告《德伯家的苔丝》读书报告班级汉语言081班姓名赵彤学号200850515133 书名：《德伯家的苔丝》出版社：外语教学与研究出版社、牛津大学出版社作者：托马斯·哈代（1840—1928）是英国最伟大的小说家和诗人之一。
关于苔丝的英文作文
关于苔丝的英文作文Tess is a young girl who grew up in a small village in England. She has long, flowing hair and big, bright eyes that seem to sparkle in the sunlight. She has a kind heart and always tries to help others in need.Tess loves to spend her time outdoors, exploring the countryside and taking long walks in the fields. She feels a deep connection to nature and often finds solace in the beauty of the natural world.One of Tess's greatest passions is reading. She can often be found with her nose buried in a book, lost in the magical worlds created by her favorite authors. She dreams of one day becoming a writer herself, and hopes to inspire others with her words.Despite her gentle nature, Tess is also incredibly strong-willed. She faces many challenges in her life, but she always manages to overcome them with grace anddetermination. She is a true fighter, and never gives up on her dreams.Tess has a bright and infectious personality, and she has a way of lighting up the room wherever she goes. She is loved by all who know her, and her presence brings joy and happiness to those around her.In conclusion, Tess is a remarkable young woman with a heart of gold. She is a lover of nature, a passionate reader, a determined fighter, and a beacon of light in the lives of those around her. She is truly one of a kind, and the world is a better place with her in it.。
德伯家的苔丝的人物性格分析_英语论文
---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ 德伯家的苔丝的人物性格分析_英语论文摘要《德伯家的苔丝》实质上讲述了一个天真淳朴的乡村女孩，由于家庭贫穷和社会谴责，而最终一步步走向死亡的悲剧故事。
在大多数人眼里，苔丝是一个坏女人，然而，在哈代看来，她是一个纯洁的女人，她是大自然的女儿。
虽然她生活在那个时代，思想上有保守性和软弱性，但她敢于反对邪恶的势力和虚伪的教会，敢于坚持真理，坚持要寻求自己的幸福。
小说结尾苔丝杀了亚力克而被送上绞刑架，这使她的反抗精神达到了顶峰。
通过对文本的细读和对苔丝多重性格的详细分析,文章揭示出苔丝悲剧命运的社会根源。
12609关键词：纯洁；软弱；反抗；勇敢Abstract1 / 10Tess of the D’Urbervilles actually tells a tragic story that a naïve and simple country girl, due to the poverty of her family and social condemnation, finally comes to death. In most people’s eyes, she is a bad woman, however, in Hardy’s opinion, she is a pure woman and she is the daughter of the nature. Although she lived in a period which made her conservative and weak in thought, she dares to fight against the evil forces and hypocritical churches; she dares to stick to the truth and insist on seeking her own happiness. At the end of the novel, Tess killed Alec and was sent to the gallows, which makes her rebellious spirit reach its peak. In this paper, by means of intensive reading and through the analysis of the multiple personalities of the protagonist Tess, the social roots of her tragic fate is, at last, revealed.Key words: pure; weak; rebel; braveAnalysis of the Character of Tess of the D’UrbervillesContents---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ 摘要iAbstractiiⅠ. Introduction1Ⅱ. The Daughter of Nature12.1 Pure Character of Tess22.2 Kind-hearted Country Girl4Ⅱ. The Daughter of Nature3 / 102.1 Pure Character of TessTess was one of the last descendants of once prominent and wealthy aristocratic family of the D’Urbervilles. At the late 19th century, the bourgeoisie got comprehensive rule in Britain, so those past wealthy aristocratic family declined. When the D’Urbervilles families passed on to her father’s generation, only to end up as a rural peddler’s identity, and the only way to show that they were contacted with their forefathers were an ancient spoon and an ancient seal engraved with flowers.By that time her family was a poor tradesman family and was completely relied on their own labor, and their illustrious ancestors imposed no effect on the formation of their industrious and hard-working character. One day, it was by mere chance that Tess’s father knew about his family spectrum system from a clergyman. Having lived more than one half of his whole life, Tess’s father picked up a lot of vanity and worldliness, so he was extremely complacent about his noble origin. Tess’s---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------mother, who was a hard-working and mediocre middle-aged woman, was also very proud of her husband’s noble origin. However, Tess was still keeping the virtue of ordinary working people though she was living in such a vulgar atmosphere in the family. She disgusted the vulgarity of her parents and contempted the noble origin of her family, and she always considered herself as the daughter of a farmer who made a living through hard-working. She said she was originally brought up by her parents who also gave her beauty, and herself was just a milkmaid. In between the lines, the novel shows Tess’s love and pride of her identity as a farmer. Tess insisted that Duberfield was the surname of her family, and was never willing to change their surname into D’Urbervilles. When later she was in love with Angel, she never boasted of her noble ancestors to Angel. When they was about to get married, Angel proposed that Tess change her surname as D’Urbervilles, because in this way his mother would also show respect to her daughter-in-law. However, Tess firmly disagreed with his proposition and argued “I like the other way rather5 / 10best.” (274; ch.30) which formed stark contrast with Alec, a secular squire bourgeois, who picked up D’Urbervilles from museum as his surname just because he thought his own surname was too vulgar. From the comparison, the purity and innocence of Tess can be easily manifested.Sympathetic with his heroine, Hardy pointed out the social absurdity in judging Tess’s morality by a mere biological fact. He defined the convention by offering a new perspective through which he vindicated Tess and declared her to be pure. Tess’s dissipation and eventual death at the end of the story were not punishment for her sin, but the result of social law doing violence against natural law. Her own fate found an apt parallel in Hardy’s description of field animals chased by the mechanical reaper.2.2 Kind-hearted Country Girl---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------Tess’s good quality is embodied in her deep love for life, her courage in confronting all kinds of difficulties, and also her spirit of hard-working and self-sacrifice. Tess lived in Victoria times, however, under the cover of prosperity, rural economy almost got bankrupt under the deep influence of the liberal capitalism. There were nine people in her family, but they all lived on a horse by that some small business was done. Tess was the eldest child in the family, and shouldered the heavy responsibility of the family when she was only about 17 years old without any complaints. Therefore, poverty was the impetus of her tragedy, and finally led to her damage. (He 155)In order to help her family go through hard times, she followed her mother’s advice and went to the Mrs D’Urbervilles who must be one of their relatives to claim kin. However, from that time on, Tess’s tragedy began. There she was seduced by Alec, who coveted beauty and was shameless. Instead of living with him, Tess left him and endured much discrimination and sarcasm alone from other people and the society. And7 / 10when Angel abandoned her and went away, Tess suffered all kinds of discrimination by herself again. Tess concealed the great pain she suffered and unstintingly left living expenses to her family as subsidy, but she herself had to go through the vicissitudes of life, wandering everywhere, in order to find a job to make a living.After she had been seduced by Alec, Tess was condemned and despised by people around her, and she also thought it was her sin to lose chastity though, in fact, it was not her fault.Tess utilized a heap of moral standards to scare herself. “She might have seen that what had bowed her head so profoundly—the thought of the world’s concern at her situation—was founded on an illusion.”(131; ch.14) In order to avoid public voices, she did not dare to go out until when it was dark, and then she would go to a wood to appreciate the transient freedom of spirit. However, even when she placed herself---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------in nature, she would always regard herself as the embodiment of sin, who violated the territory of innocence. This concept of Tess inevitably led her to a situation of self- torture and self-condemnedness. Therefore, she never forgot her past and could not take off the cross she had borne on her spirit.When later Angel proposed to her, she refused him although she also loved him very much because of a sense of inferiority and guilty that deeply rooted in her mind. She told herself she could not accept Angel’s love, for she had lost her chastity and she was unworthy of Angel’s affection.After the repeated proposal of Angel, finally, Tess’s sensibility overcame her sense and agreed to marry to Angel. When she stayed with Angel, she felt both sweet and pain. Several times, she wanted to tell the truth to Angel, but it was just an unutterable thing. On the night before they got married, Tess wrote him a letter, in which Tess told the truth about her painful past. And she shoved9 / 10the letter under the door; unfortunately, Angel did not notice the letter. When Tess saw the letter was still lying under the door, she was afraid and thought it was her fate.At their wedding night, out of her pure love for Angel, Tess told the truth. However, her husband could not accept it and left her quickly without hesitation. Although Angel abandoned her, Tess even did not blame him, instead, she thought it deserved her right and accepted the result without complaint, though she suffered great pain and sorrow from her husband’s leaving.Thus it can be seen that the traditional concepts imposed great influence and oppression on Tess, and it also reflected the limitation of her and of the time. However, this limitation could not restrain her characters of resistance from developing. 德伯家的苔丝的人物性格分析(5):。
关于苔丝的英文作文
关于苔丝的英文作文英文回答：Tess of the d'Urbervilles is one of the most memorable and complex female characters in English literature. She is a young woman who is repeatedly victimized by men, but she never loses her spirit or her compassion. Tess is a tragic figure, but she is also a symbol of resilience and hope.I find Tess to be a relatable character because she is so human. She makes mistakes, but she always tries to do the right thing. She is flawed, but she is also kind and loving. I admire Tess's strength and determination, and I am always inspired by her story.One of the most memorable scenes in the novel is when Tess is raped by Alec d'Urberville. This is a traumatic event, but Tess does not let it define her. She goes on to live a full and meaningful life, and she eventually finds happiness with Angel Clare.Tess of the d'Urbervilles is a powerful and moving novel that explores the themes of love, loss, and redemption. I highly recommend it to anyone who enjoys classic literature or who is interested in strong female characters.中文回答：苔丝·德伯菲尔德是英国文学中最令人难忘、最复杂的人物形象之一。
英文论文浅析德伯家的苔丝的悲剧命运_英语论文
---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ 英文论文浅析德伯家的苔丝的悲剧命运_英语论文Abstract Thomas Hardy，a British novelist and poetat the turn of the 19th century, was one of the representative writers of the English critical realism. His masterpiece Tess of the d’Urbervillesdepicts the heroine’s miserable life. Tess is described as a beautiful and kind-hearted pure womanwho has the quality of responsibility and self-sacrifice. But her life is totally a disaster. She was not only the victim of the Victorian time, but also the victim of her contemporaries. This paperanalyses her tragedy from theperspectives of the social factors and the human ones.The article can be pided into three parts.The first one is a brief introduction of the writing background, the author and the story. The second part analyses the social factors for Tess’s tragedy.The financial, moral and political1 / 8factors are included.Tess’s story happensin the specific period when the United Kingdom is experiencing a social transformation from the agricultural civilization to the industrial civilization. During this time, lots of farmers are forced into bankruptcy and Tess’s family is one of them.The capitalist political oppression upon Tess is mainly from the religion and the law, both of which playa very important role in bringing out Tess’s tragedy.The last partanalyses the human factors for Tess’s tragedy,including Tess’s own characters, Angel and Alec.Tess’s own character, on the one hand, refers to her purity, her kind-heartedness and her being responsible and altruist.Besides, there are also some weaknesses in her character. She is feeble, compromising, sticking to backward ethics and so on.All of these contribute to Tess’s tragedy. The despicable Alec and the sanctimonious Angel also play a very important role in Tess’s tragedy. All these factors lead to Tess’s tragedy.Finally, Tess becomes the sacrifice of that society.---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------Key words:Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Tess, tragedy, social factor, human factor摘要托马斯•哈代是英国19世纪到20世纪过渡时期的一位著名的小说家和诗人，也是英国批判现实主义的代表作家之一。
苔丝英语论文（最终版）
苔丝英语论文（最终版）第一篇：苔丝英语论文（最终版）The Analysis of the Tragic Life of TessThe story happened in the late 19th century, the cruel capitalist exploitation has ruined the English countryside severely and Wessex is not immune from the destruction;the capitalism brings great harm to the agriculture life;all the self-supporting peasants are all live in a rather miserable life.Tess of the D‟Urbervilles is one of the Hardy‟s Wessex novels.The agricultural region of the southern countries England is the novel’s setting.The social conventions and the moral level Angel Clare, a man of liberal mind, is the son of a clergyman.In this novel, he is the direct opposite of Alec.He has broken with the traditions of his family to seek the ideal in a quiet rural life.He looks down upon the material distinction of rank and wealth.He wants to have own farm with Tess.In his eyes, Tess is lovely and pure.He treats Tess“equally”.all the above mentioned make T ess fall in love with him and is engaged to him.T o some extent he is different form other man, for his mind is opening.To our surprised after Tess tells him her past story, although he is a sinner for he had some affair with a bad woman, he refuses to forgive Tess just like Tess forgives him.We can find the weakness and flaws of his personality.In his eyes, the judge of purity still depends on the social conventions and the moral level.We can find that he is the slave of the custom and conventionality.He tells Tess that his lover is not Tess but another woman in her shape.He brings great harm to Tess and play an important role in the tragic life.Tess is seduced by Alec, so Tess is scandalized by the narrow-minded people.When her son who is regarded as a bastard is todie, his father refuses to asked preacher to give the baptism of the child, for her father feels ashamed with Tess and he is afraid of people‟s laughing and discussion.No one care about Tess and every one think she is guilty.Tess suffers a lot while the arch-criminal Alec has become the preacher.No one think he is guilty.The unequal treatment makes her life tragic.Self –sacrifice and responsibilityWithout doubt, Tess is rather obedient girl.when the death of the old horse destroy her family‟s business, Tess thinks it is her fault.Then Durbeyfield began to shovel in the earth and the children cried anew.Tess does not cry.Her face is dry and pale, as though she regarded herself in the light of a murderess.Tess thinks that she has dragged her parents into this quagmire, so she wonders what she could do help her family get out of trouble.She accepts her mother‟s advice and goes to work on Alec‟s farm, and later she is seduced by Alec.The second time, Tess…s father dies and her family have no food and have no p lace to live in.Tess is driven to accept Alec‟s advice and live with Alec to support her family.Tess, a member of the family, thinks that she has responsibility for her family, so she must try her best to change her family‟s situation.Every time it is at the cost of her happiness that her family can continue to live.When Tess tells Angel her past story, Angel refuses to forgive her and leave Tess alone.Tess does not show her anger to him, although she has enough reasons to do that.Angel is also a sinner, because he has affair with a bad woman.Tess can forgive her fault while he can not forgive Tess, which is unfair for Tess.Tess does not hate Angel and she just hope for his forgive.We can find that Tess just think of others.She never just thinks of herself.Her Self –sacrifice and responsibility impress the reader strongly.Braveness andInnocence It is hard for people to think that a young girl seduced by others does not marry the man, but Tess does;under the suffering of losing her baby, without hesitation, Tess goes to a farm as a milkmaid at Talbot hays;all show that she is brave.Because of her braveness she refuses to marry Alec and becomes a baby‟s mother who doesn‟t marry;because of braveness, when Angel came back, in order to shows her love andlive with Angel, T ess kills Alec and hides with Angel in a forest;even when she wakes up only to find the arrest, Tess deals with it calmly and she is not sad.What we can not deny is that braveness and innocence is the good quality that everyone shall have, however, the function of this good quality is the guide to the pure girl‟s tragedy.Because of her innocence, she does not accept her mother‟s advice, she tells her past story to Clare, and Angel does not understand her and refused to forgive her.Tess is abandoned by Angel.Then she begins anther tragedy.In fact, if she does not tell Angel her seduction by Alec, Angel has no choice to know about her past, if Angel does not learn about her past story, Angel does not think her is not pure and abandon her.Innocence and braveness is good personality, while Tess she pays her young and gold life for the cost.Braveness makes people think her is not pure;innocence makes her lose her husband.In this sentence, Tess asked Angel to marry her sister who is a simple and pure woman.From this we can find that the traditional morality and Fatalism is in the blood of Tess and T ess is affected by it deeply.It becomes one part of her body.so although Tess fights with all the unfair treatment, she comes to terms with the society and evil at last.ConclusionIn the novel Tess of the D‟Urbervilles, Tess is a poor countrygirl.In the beginning of the novel, the poor girl goes to work on Alec‟s farm, and then she is seduced by Alec.She is the victim in this case, but People all think she is guilt, even her husband, for people judge “purity” depend on the social conventions and the moral level.So at last, Tess is arrested and hangs, which means that Tess fails to fight with the sociality.The cruel capitalist exploitation is the reason why Tess is in poverty.Because of the struggle to live, Tess force to work under the capitalist exploitation.So in a word ,the bourgeois society is responsible for Tess‟s miseries and sufferings ,and Tess‟s personalities become her own weakness.第二篇：英语论文《苔丝悲剧成因》开题报告1.Research IntentionTess of the D’urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy(1840-1928), describes the misfortune of a poor peasant girl Tess.In this novel, we can see Tess resist her unjust fate again and again, suffer setbacks again and again, till to be destroyed.We can not help but feel the intense emotions of pity and fear.At the same time we deeply feel that her tragedy is inevitable.The cause of her tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin.What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? This paper will try to make a detailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of the heroine’s tragedy.2.Literary ReviewFrom the later nineteenth century until now,Thomas Hardy and his works have been the important topics of the criticism for a long time.After the Second World War, with the development of modern literary criticism, different critics interpret Tess of the D’urbervilles and Thomas Hardy’s other novels from variousperspectives.For instance, Professor Webster begins with a discussion of Hardy’s intentions in writing Tess.According to his views, Tess of the D’urbervilles is a contribution to Hardy’s war against man’s inhumanity.Arnold Kettle takes a different point of view.For him the subject of Tess of the D’urbervilles is not the tragedy of a “pure woman”, but rather the destruction of the English peasantry.Mr.Kettle sees it as complete as a social novel.In China, Prof.Zhang and Wu have published their own books on Hardy’s novels and other works.There are3.Research ProcessThis paper comprises three parts dealing respectively with several main factors that lead to Tess’s final tragedy, including the background, the social environment, two persons who are very closely related to Tess’s fate and finally the weakness of the central character’s personalities.Besides, Tess’s sufferings were the result of some mysterious and incidental factors.The following is the outline of the paper.Part 1.Introduction This part is a brief introduction to the author and his masterpiece.1.1Thomas Hardy and his works1.2Tess of the D’urbervillesPart 2.Causes for the tragedy of TessThe cause of Tess’s tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin.What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? In this paper, I try to make a detailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of heroine’s tragedy.2.1 The impoverishment and decay of small farmersThis novel has for its setting the agricultural region of the southern countries of England.The writer truthfully depicts the impoverishment and decay of small farmers who become hiredfield hands and roam the country in search of seasonal job.These laborers are mercilessly exploited by the rich landowners.In this novel, we can see clearly that one of the real reasons that lead to her extermination is her impoverishment.2.2Alec and Clare In this novel, Hardy describes how Tess was killed by the times she lived in clearly.There are two persons who are very closely related to Tess’s fate.She, a daughter of poor peasants had been reduced to a wage laborer, so Alec---the vicious capitalist power of the Victorian Times and Clare---the representative of liberal bourgeoisie killed her cruelly and without mercy.It seemed that Alec was the prime culprit of Tess, but in fact, it was Clare who killed Tees more cruelly.2.3 The weakness of her characterApart from fierce Alec and hypocritical Clare, it is the weakness of her character that leads to her sad fate.Tess was able to fight against the unfairness of the society.She could face various difficulties in life bravely, yet she couldn’t extricate herself from traditional moral principles.She was aware that she was the victim of social violence and moral principles.On the other hand, though she dared to beat back the unjustness, she couldn’t break with traditional morality completely.2.4 Some mysterious and incidental factorsThe last but not the least, Tess’s sufferings were the result of some mysteriousand incidental factors.Examples of the fateful incidents abound in the novel.Part 3.ConclusionIt is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of hercharacter became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.4.ConclusionThrough studying the representative workTess of the D’urbervilles, we will be able to have a better appreciation of the great achievements of Thomas Hardy.It seemed that if there were no unexpected happenings, she might have a happy life;maybe she would finish her life peacefully.It appeared there were unexpected factors in her every important life stage, those factors lead to her tragedy.But in fact, just as we infer from our previous discussion, it is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of her character became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.Bibliography［1］Chen Jia.Selected Readings in English Literature(Volume 2)［M］.The Commercial Press, 2004 ［2］Chenxia.Analysi s of the Tragic Mood in “T ess of the D’Urbervilles”［J］.Journal of Renmin University of China(social societies), 1998(2):100-102［3］Huangjing.On the causes of the tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of NorthwestMinorities University(social science), 2002,(3):95-98［4］Li Jian, Yuanjing.The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of DaqingTeachers’ College, 2005,(2):65-66［5］Liu Yafei.Doomed from the start ［6］ThomasHardy.Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central Compilation& Translation Press, 2004［7］Wang ments on the Tragedy of T essa ［J］.Journal of ChengdeVocational College, 2005(4)：26-27［8］Zhang Xiaodong.Talk about tongue silk tragic certainty and meaning［J］.Journal of Chaohu College, 2004,(6):74-77第三篇：苔丝Comments on Tess of the D'UrbervillesTess of the D'Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy.Focusing on the tragic experience of its heroine Tess, the plot of story begins.Tess comes from a farmer’s family, the Durbeyfields.She has lived a poor but peaceful life.However, God, “The President of the Immoral” begins to play a cruel joke on this innocent girl.One day her father, John Durbeyfied learns that they are descended from the D’Urbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England.Tess’s parents are in an ecstasy of delight over the news.Her mother urges Tess to claim kinship with the remaining D’Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman.Unwillingly, the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, D’Urbervilles.There she meets Alec D’Urbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her.Having received a job of tending to chickens, Tess stays in the D’Urbervilles.Her tragic life has just begun.Before long the rich and guileful Alec manages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant.Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home.Despite the rumors all around, she gives birth to a child, who is called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness.For several weeks, Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow.Nevertheless, without financial support, Tess has toleave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire.They have met each other before, and Tess has made a favorable impression on Angel.After Angel persistent pursuit of Tess, the two fall in love and become engaged.Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess admits about Alec D’Urbervilles and the child.She begs for forgiveness, but Angel leaves her in disgust.T ess again returns home alone, only find that her family remains impoverished and she even has no place to stay.In the meantime, Alec D’Urbervilles, the evil person appears again.He takes advantage of the Durbeyfields’ poverty and continues to tempt Tess.He promises to support her family, only as a means to make Tess dependent.At the end of hope, the girl jumps into the trap of the shameless man.However, the tragedy has not finished yet.Angel Claire, who is remorseful for his mercilessness, comes back, but to find the cruel reality.And his arrival makes Tess even more desperate.After Angel leaves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him.Then she follows Angel and escape with him.They manage to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge, where she is arrested.She is hanged later.This wasn’t my first time to read “T ess of the D'Urbervilles” Actually, the first time I read the novel was in high school.At that moment, I thought that Tess was really a tragic figure in the book “Tess of the D’Urbervilles”.She was seduced by a so-called gentleman—Alec, and from then on her life totally changed from the loss of innocence.People looked down on her and respected her no more.Virtually, she did nothing wrong because before she was seduced she knew nothing of men.She was just a girl when she first met that terrible man.Nonetheless, she was forced by the gossips and the church to blame herself for this accident, soshe thought she deserved nothing good.In order to get rid of the past, she decided to go to a distant dairy farm but was still saying to herself that she was wrong.Maybe God didn’t agree with that, because the Lord gave her someone she loved with her whole heart and life—Angel Chari.Unfortunately, it was still a sad ending.When I read the story again, I had different affections to the figures of this novel.Why, I meant why Tess fell so much in love with Angel and ended herself up in such misery? I could not tell any merits from Angel from the very beginning, even back to that May Dance on the lawn.Honestly, at the first glance, I concluded that he was an emotional unstable youngster who can barely bear any responsibility.He adopted dual moral standards, I bet Tess's life would be getting better, or even a happy ending with Alec or other normal but kind man without ever Getting the chance to meet Angel.And I was more than willing to adapt this sentence “I f we had danced that day, how happy we might have be” to “ If we have hadn't met on that day, how happy I might have be”.Poor Tess, you got the wrong way!Obviously, Angel was a devil, but this can still make no difference to Tess if she chose to keep that secret what she had already sworn to her mum, an incapable but intelligent mother who always cared for Tess.That's to say, Tess's purity should be blamed, at least partly, for her own tragedy, devil needs counterparts not a real angel to match with each other.In the meantime, Tess is a perfectionist, she can't stand any flaws lying between Angel and herself, yes, and her pursuit of perfect love without any reserve from that man she deeply loves predicts her destiny.Poor Tess, there is never ever perfect love like you imagined in the real world, why not let go of the past and move on? I can't help feeling badly sad for her, she shall know theprinciple of equity can't be translated into reality, particularly a world ruled by men back then, which is almost the case nowadays.Overall, I emphasize that T ess’s purity, perfectionism, principle of equity, and poignancy ended herself up in hanging.Anyway, it's just a fictive novel, but there must be something in common which is applicable even today.第四篇：苔丝遗忘，是来自自由的回忆——论苔丝总会有些过去会让人落一生泪水，总会有些故事暗示七千哀伤。
（全英文论文）苔丝悲剧的成因研究（精选五篇）
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What killed her? This paper will try to make adetailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of the heroine’s tragedy.2.Literary ReviewFrom the later nineteenth century until now,Thomas Hardy and his works have been the important topics of the criticism for a long time.After the Second World War, with the development of modern literary criticism, different critics interpret Tess of the D’urbervilles and Thomas Hardy’s other novels from various perspectives.For instance, Professor Webster begins with a discussion of Hardy’s intentions in writing Tess.According to his views, Tess of the D’urbervilles is a contribution to Hardy’s war against man’s inhumanity.Arnold Kettle takes a different point o f view.For him the subject of Tess of the D’urbervilles is not the tragedy of a “pure woman”, but rather the destruction of the English peasantry.Mr.Kettle sees it as complete as a social novel.In China, Prof.Zhang and Wu have published their own books on Hardy’s novels and other works.There are3.Research ProcessThis paper comprises three parts dealing respectively with several main factors that lead to Tess’s final tragedy, including the background, the social environment, two persons who are very closel y related to Tess’s fate and finally the weakness of the central character’s personalities.Besides, Tess’s sufferings were the result of some mysterious and incidental factors.The following is the outline of the paper.Part 1.Introduction This part is a brief introduction to the author and his masterpiece.1.1Thomas Hardy and his works1.2Tess of the D’urbervillesPart 2.Causes for the tragedy of TessThe cause of Tess’s tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess shouldsuffer inevitable ruin.What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? In this paper, I try to make a detailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of heroine’s tragedy.2.1 The impoverishment and decay of small farmersThis novel has for its setting the agricultural region of the southern countries of England.The writer truthfully depicts the impoverishment and decay of small farmers who become hired field hands and roam the country in search of seasonal job.These laborers are mercilessly exploited by the rich landowners.In this novel, we can see clearly that one of the real reasons that lead to her extermination is her impoverishment.2.2Alec and Clare In this novel, Hardy describes how Tess was killed by the times she lived in clearly.There are two persons who are very closely related to Tess’s fate.She, a daughter of poor peasants had been reduced to a wage laborer, so Alec---the vicious capitalist power of the Victorian Times and Clare---the representative of liberal bourgeoisie killed her cruelly and without mercy.It seemed that Alec was the prime culprit of Tess, but in fact, it was Clare who killed Tees more cruelly.2.3 The weakness of her characterApart from fierce Alec and hypocritical Clare, it is the weakness of her character that leads to her sad fate.Tess was able to fight against the unfairness of the society.She could face various difficulties in life bravely, yet she couldn’t extricate herself from traditional moral principles.She was aware that she was the victim of social violence and moral principles.On the other hand, though she dared to beat back the unjustness, she couldn’t break with traditional morality completely.2.4 Some mysterious and incidental factorsThe last but not the least, Tess’s sufferings were the resultof some mysteriousand incidental factors.Examples of the fateful incidents abound in the novel.Part 3.ConclusionIt is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of her character became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.4.ConclusionThrough studying the representative workTess of the D’urbervilles, we will be able to have a better appreciation of the great achievements of Thomas Hardy.It seemed that if there were no unexpected happenings, she might have a happy life;maybe she would finish her life peacefully.It appeared there were unexpected factors in her every important life stage, those factors lead to her tragedy.But in fact, just as we infer from our previous discussion, it is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of her character became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.Bibliography［1］Chen Jia.Selected Readings in English Literature(Volume 2)［M］.The Commercial Press, 2004 ［2］Chenxia.Analysis of the Tragic Mood in “T ess of th e D’Urbervilles”［J］.Journal of Renmin University of China(social societies), 1998(2):100-102［3］Huangjing.On the causes of the tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of NorthwestMinorities University(social science), 2002,(3):95-98［4］Li Jian, Yuanjing.The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of DaqingTeachers’ College, 2005,(2):65-66［5］Liu Yafei.Doomed from the start ［6］Thomas Hardy.Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central Compilation& Translation Press, 2004［7］Wang ments on the Tragedy of T essa ［J］.Journal of ChengdeVocational College, 2005(4)：26-27［8］Zhang Xiaodong.Talk about tongue silk tragic certainty and meaning［J］.Journal of Chaohu College, 2004,(6):74-77第三篇：苔丝的悲剧《苔丝》读后感读着哈代的作品，看着苔丝的生命一步步走向悲剧，思索着造成悲剧的原因。
苔丝的性格分析悲剧成因
To Analyse Tesss Tradegy in< Tess of TheD 'Urbervilles > From the Character of Tess1.1 n troduction1.1 Introduction to Thomas HardyThomas Hardy(1840-1928), was an English novelist and poet, born near Dorchester, and one of the greatest English writers of the 19th century.The son of a ston emas on, he could not afford to pursue a scholarly career as he wished and was appre nticed to Joh n Hicks, a local church architect. He continu ed, however, to study the Greek and Latin classics.Despite his employment, Hardy was writing continually during this period of his life.Such early novels as Desperate Remedies' (1871)and A Pair of Blue Eyes” (1873) met with small successand may be considered formative works. After the appeara nee of Far From the Maddi ng Crowd(1874), popular as well as critical acclaim enabled him to devote himself exclusively to writing. His success also made marriage feasible, and in 1874 he married Emma Lavinia Gifford.Over the n ext 22 years Hardy wrote many no vels, in clud ing those he referred to as foman ces and fan tasies-most of which were first serialized in popular magaz in es. His major works are The Return of the Native”(1878), The Mayor of Casterbridge' (1886), Tess of the D 'Urbervilles” (1891), and Jude the Obscurd' (1896), the latter two considered masterpieces. Hardy's novels are all set against the bleak and forbidding Dorset Iandscape (referred to as Wessex in the novels), whose physical harsh ness echoes that of an in differe nt, if not malevole nt, uni verse. The author's characters, who are for the most part of the poorer rural classes, are sympathetically and often humorously portrayed. Their lives are ruled not only by nature but also by rigid Victoria n social conven tio ns. Hardy's style is accord in gly rough hew n, sometimes awkward, but always comma nding and inten se.1.2 Introduction to Tess of the D Urbervilles1.2.1 Background of the NovelThis story happened in the late of Britain 'Victorian era, in this time, Capitalist class con trolled all of the rights, and the law was serviced for them. Farmers were at the bottom of the society, they had n ever equal rights as the capitalist class. Tess as a woman in the Victorian era, she cannot avoid the Hegemony” father right consciousness to woman” nature understanding and severe social etiquette. And the patriarchal social system made wome n lost their in depe ndent status. By the Capitalist invasion, those Self-reliant farmers who had a small amount of land and the means of producti on had followed the in solve ncy. Female beauty not only regarded as theTroubles” but also become an excuse for men to shirk their crime; The male requests feminine to be loyal and the bodily pure and chaste, actually disregarded own indulging. But under male power suppression, feminine thought pattern also was con trolled solidly by this kind of strong trend which was eve n melt ing.1.2.2 Introduction to Tess of thed ' UrbervillesAs is known to all, “Tesof the D'Urbervilles” is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy. Focusing on the tragic experience of its heroine Tess, the plot of story begins. Tess comefrom a farmer ' s fanbirle, Durbeyfields. She has lived a poor but peaceful life. However, God, “The°resident of the Immoral ” begins to play a cruel joke on this innocent girl. One day her father, John Durbeyfied learns that they are descended from the D ' UrbesyOln ancient family once renowned in EnglandTess' s pare nts are in an ecstasy of delight over the n ews. Her mother urges Tess to claim kin ship wi th the remai ning D' Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gen tlema n. Un willi ngly, the girl comes in con tact with the Stoke, D' Urbervilles.There she meets Alec D ' Urbervillewho shows off the estate and always seduces her. Having received a job of tending to chickens, T ess stays in the D 'rvUebeHer tragic life has just begu n. Before long the rich and guileful Alec man ages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant. Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home. Despite the rumors all around, she gives birth to a child, who is called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness. For several weeks, Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow. Nevertheless, without financial support, Tess has to leave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a dista nt farm, where she meets An gel Claire. They have met each other before, and Tess has made a favorable impressi on on An gel. After An gel persiste nt pursuit of Tess, the two fall in love and become engaged.Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess admits about Al ec D' Urbervillesand the child. She begs for forgive ness, but An gel leaves her in disgust. Tess aga in returns home alone, only find that her family remains impoverished and she even has no place to stay.In the mean time, Alec D' Urbervilles,the evil pers on appearsaga in. He takes adva ntage of the Durbeyfields poverty and continues to tempt Tess. He promises to support her family, only as a means to make Tess depe nden t.At the end of hope, the girl jumps into the trap of the shameless man. However, the tragedy has not fini shed yet. An gel Claire, who is remorseful for his mercilessness, comes back, but to find the cruel reality. And his arrival makes Tess eve n more desperate. After An gel leaves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him. Then she follows An gel and escape with him. They man age to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Ston ehe nge, where she is arrested. She is han ged later. The tur n of eve nts and the mome nt of catharsis prove that the no vel is a classic Aristotelia n tragedy.2. Analysis of the two important men around Tess-Alec andClareIn this novel to male leading character s description has reflected at that time thecapitalist society darkness and false capitalism morals view. Alec is the emerging bourgeoisie'srepresentatives; he is representing the bourgeois societys authority, the wealth and the evil, Tessstragic life reason to him.His father is a rich mercha nt, but after crow n by aristocrat DUrbervilles sur name. This young man lay on his father's money and power dominates the native place. When he meets Tess, the dissolute lascivious countenance is completely unmasked; he supposes the snare that destroyed young gi'pure and chaste and the life happ in ess. Harms others to ben efit him, resorts to all means to satisfy own absurd fleshly desires, and not only displayed the countryside Iandlord clas'essential characteristic, but also man ifested the property realistic characteristic. Although afterwards he cha nged in old pastor Clare help n ext evilly reforms, however, several doze ns years abuse eradicates by no means. When he meets Tess aga in, has temptati ons rege nerati on. In order to con trol Tess, Alec eve n uses the money and the power and in flue nee stre ngth. It can be said, Tes'life is the violence victim which the Alec thunder represents.If some one say Alec represe ntativ'evil force is the direct reas on to cause Tes s tragedy, the n the traditi onal ethics morality survives on An gel Clare devastates to Tess is one ki nd in visible, the more fearful spirit injures. An gel Clare is a complex artistic image. On his body, not only has the certa in en lighte ned thought, but also is reta ining the traditi onal moral prejudice. Although he born in a pastor family, not willi ng to be a pastor serves for God”，he is willing to work at farm, serves for the humanity”.He despises the class prejudice and the rank idea, tires of aba ndons the metropolis lively life, he wants to go the country to do the arduous physical labor as those farmers, tries hard to grasp each kind of class the agricultural tech no logy .In n ature bosom, he feels the village life is simple and fresh when he stays with the innocent peasantfamily young girls. In treats feminine and in the love question, he mild-mannered and cultivated, serious and earnest, pay more attention on emotion, all of these are different with Alec. This explanations he was the Bourgeois intellectuals who has the free thought at that time, but he departs from to this social class also is extremely limited, He will be engagedin the agricultural production the goal is for later to be a large Ian ded estate. He con tacts with Tess has not always aba ndoned the traditi onal ideas the fetter. He not only as soon as starts to recognize Tess could be a good steward in the future, the most important is he love Tess not like her to love his such selfless and sin cere. In his eyes, Tess is nature's new born daughter,however, once she con fessed the in sult to him which receives, the n on his body preserves the in here nt morals have stra ngled in his heart the real sen time nt. Although he also have had the profligate behavior, and obtained Tes' forgiving, but actually is not willing to forgive originally innocent Tess. This in dicated his heart's core traditi onal morals ethics idea ingrain ed, he regards a woma n from traditi onal chastity view to be chaste or not, this has give n Tess by devastating attack. If we say becausethe Alec thunder ferocious adversary caused the chastity los ing to bring the deep pain to Tess, but has not bee n able to disappear the desire and the future hope of her live.Then, Clare to her aba ndonment, said in some kind of degree, the n has destroyed herspiritual prop(because Tess really loves him). Thus, his return caused her to feel the humiliation which own received, thus caused its pain, the lamentation; to despair has achieved the apex. Her fin ally killed Alec, not on ly must prove own helpless, simultaneously also are must to the person which loves prove own innocence. From this, may say that, is precisely by Alec representativ6s evil force and Clare himself preserves the traditi onal ethics morality, together pushed Tess to the tragic abyss.3. Family Background of TessAt the beg inning of the no vel, Tess was a daughter of poverty desce nt which had once magnificent. She was a dairymaid, who lived in the country, as a daisy on the village roadside, beautiful but humble, and being with her family was broke n up and decimated sixty years ago before the story began. And as the writer express emotion, Norman' descent,not for the support of Victoria 1800,the wealth, a very incon seque ntial” Dist in guished backgro und doesntbri ng any ben efits to Tess, but her tragic life was beg un.Tess s father was a poor coun tryside hawker, who had the n atural dispositi on of lazy and constantly excessive and also was benighted. Te' mother was a dairymaid, who was sloppy superstition and mind simply. They were pitiful creature who chart admires the vanity and listened to depend on the time wind and rain willfully to devastate.Just as such terrible pate nts became the setter of a bad example of Tess' tragedy.In order to show off own so-called aristocrat” status and satisfied mere vanity, Tesss pare nts wan ted to by ack no wledges as relatives”，marries” to improve own status. Although Tess obnoxious parents' hypocrisy, despised noble origin, and persisted thought on eself is peasa nt famil'daughter who liv ing on own labor, but she was the oldest in the family,parents' incompetent made the heavy burden on herself early. She loved her little sisters and brothers deeply that cannot cruel eno ugh to looked they suffer hardships. Unfortunately, when the old horse died what her family liv ing on it, Tess great relucta nee obeyed the aunt to assig n to go for shelter richly in the result she suffered devastati ng, became the sacrificial victim and the Con fucia nism criminal which the beast wants. Afterwards, in order to her family Tess forced to leave native place, everywhere the wooden scoop anchors, experiences the vicissitudes. When end of hills and rivers, Tess came back to Alec again for family, received in excha nge for family member'swarm and sufficie nt con diti on by own huma n body.The God gave Tess a woman of high station s soul, let she has the fine dust does not dye,unusual refined, but the reality actually gave her to fall the soul the family backgro und that made she got rid of betwee n this mortal world in capably all sorts of troubled. This kind of spirit extreme is not harmonious with the meat caused Tess s tragic fate.4. Hypocritical capitalist morality and unfair legal systemTess was lived in the Victorian era which capitalism invasion the rural England.She was a hardworking,kind-hearted,intelligent and beautiful girl; but regard as a laborer, a man of poor agricultural workers, she has low social status that naturally will received oppression and humiliation in the capitalist society. Research this novel we can know at that time in Victoria dynasty time England bourgeois society's moral ethics view, Tess'stragedy was due to social morals root mainly is in the masculine central society that kind of firm woman chastity idea. In the capitalist society, legal regime and moral outlook all were take mai ntai ns the exploit ing class the ben efit and the ack no wledgme nt exploit ing class oppresses peop' authority as the premise, were serviced for protect react ion ary con trol. Alec wildly domin ated in the tow nship, did all kinds of evil thin gs, but she was protected by the law. Tess actually is condemned the death pen alty. This just was explai ning bourgeoisie politics system react ion ary, indicated the unimportant persons in the lower level social class were impossible to obta in the fair treatme nt in the society. We may see in the no vel, such as Alec this thunder actually receives the bourgeoisie state apparatus and the religious morals protectio n.5. Analysis of Tesss CharacterTess had many good qualities in her character:her beauty, smart and pure. Claire considered her as the daughter of the nature" whose body was filled with poetry. She was gentle and kind, and caring for her younger siblings nuanced, more responsible than her parents. She endured enormous unfortunate fate with her indomitable will. Her love was pure, passi on ate, sin cere and selfless. Her n ature was high-hearted, but had to bite the bullet, and be obedient to others by damaging her self-dignity;she was desiri ng for happ in ess, but always in self-c ondemn atio n. She hesitated whe n she was facing her love. She not only compla ined about the fate of injustice, but also sile ntly en dured a flood of her misfort une. She was always docile and cowardly, but raised a revenge knife in a desperate moment. It can be said that Te'character was consisted of these complex con tradicti ons and the sufferi ng which made her as a seari ng tragedy. 5.1 Tesss Innocence and GoodnessTesss biggest feature in the character is pure and good, but her pure and good are vulnerable to the ravages of dirty society; her selflessnessand self-sacrifice give the forces of evil chanee; and the pursuit of purity and honesty of her own makes her happ in ess lost. Horse died, Tess went to farm, which left a hidde n dan ger. Whe n ridiculed in the compa nion case, she actually jumped in to the Alec s horse.' the purity of her heart and her un defe nded, so she en tered the dan ger whe n was already dark in the woods without other people ' environment, She did not even realize the great dan ger of the playboy Alec. In the wedd ing ni ght, her pure n ature made her tell Claire her past, only to have bee n aba ndoned by her husba nd. Fin ally, she lured him to inv est up arms, destroy her evil Alec, his eve ntual death.In the no vel, Hardy compared the rural coun tryside wome n who was pure and gentle with the pure and simple rubbing pretentious bourgeois women. He would like to praise the girl liv ing in the rural coun tryside, say ing that she was a pure woma n(a pure wowan). Tesspossessedoutstanding qualities and virtues of the system of the working people, which formed the purity of her character, and it was the essential characteristic feature of the Tessscharacters system. Pure and beautiful Tess exuded fragranee that was not something carved in the earth, and always sticked to her farmers daughter 'dentity. Tess used to be the last descendantsof the prominent wealthy aristocratic family. By the late nineteenth century, when the bourgeoisie overall ruled in the UK, the mighty family had been at a low ebb. And when reached at the father of this generation, the family only ended up as a hawkers. The only thing which could link to the ancient symbol of the family was an ancestral silver spoon and a set of a seal which carved flowers.Tesss families were the lower labor workers who led a life entirely by hard-working. Celebrated ancestor was of no effect to their hard-work ing n ature of the an cestral. Tesss father, Durbeyfield, who lived half of his life, was only told by the pastor that his own family lineage. Addicted to a lot of gas and the vani ty, his n oble birth made him complace nt. Mrs Durbeyfield who was in dustrious and trite was eve n proud of her husba nd.But Tess hated the vulgar atmosphere in this family. She had always main tai ned the virtues of work ing people. She despised this vulgar no ble birth and con sidered her as a farmer ' s daughded lived by labor. She once said, “had a father and mother who raised me. My good looks were given by the father and mother and I was just a milkmaid. ” Read between the lines, we could see that her love and pride to the working status. Tess always adheredo his father s surname(Duber fieled), and did not want to replace her an cesto'sur name. She was n ever boast of their n oble an cestors to Claire. Claire advised to change her surname, and said so, Claires mother would look up to the daughter-in-law. But she firmly refused to agree. She said: “still perfer the used name now. "Compared with those people who pretended to be secular bourgeois upstart squire,simple senten ce, and that picked the nam6' Dubeville fr6m the museum, were sufficie nt to show Tess s simple, pure and her con tempt of the con cept of blood lin eage. She hated the bourgeois ease, but was proud to work.Tess r purity was also reflected in her hard-working and good spirit of selfless sacrifice.Tess's family was poor, coupled with his father addicted to drinking, and she also had many brothers and sisters. So her life became more difficult. Tess worked early to help her mother. When she was seventeen-year-old, shstir up the family ' s Torden. the family, she had to go to the “ capitalists as”a Hnoper-, where the bad young man Alec tricked her virg in ity. She was in an ger, depressi on, and was looked dow n upon by every one. Later, she sacrificed everyth ing for her family and went back Alec there the sec ond time. She did not love Alec throughout her life, and was not polluted by the rich material life. Once her husba nd came back from abroad, she would have no hesitation to give up this life. Tess' s puriwas also reflected in her steadfast love. She was deeply in love with Claire. At the wedd ing ni ght, Tess poured out her unfortun ate past to Claire. But she did not think that Claire was such a selfish person to abandon her. Then an grily went so far to Brazil. Tess con cealed the truth and maintain the dig nity and honor of Claire, while she sile ntly suffer from her un fair treatme nt. What is more, her despair killed Alec. She told Claire to married her sisterafter her death, show ing her loyalty to love.5.2 Tesss Feebleness and ResponsibilitySchope nhauer believes that every in dividual in our lives to work around the clock, it makes us different in the face of life s "problems or choices to make this or that choice, and to a large exte nt determ ine our fate. Thus, Te'tradegy was no excepti on. Although the external led to her tragic fate, of many reasonsweaknessof her own pers on ality is the most fun dame ntal reas on for the in ternal decisive. As Tess was born into a peasant family,the remnants of the peasantry and the fate of some of the old moral view that allows her to dem on strate some weak ness whe n aga inst the traditi onal moral. With ever since lost her virginity after a crime,guilt, inferiority complex, a problem encountered in this type of concession to her shrink, it is this mentality has repeatedly refused to let her marry Claire, making her into a great heart contradiction. Claire can not forgive her in her more obvious inferiority complex, constantly explaining the requset, and even offered to be his slave, as long as he is willing to live live with her, even willing to die for his interests. Tess would have been a brave and strong country girl, but was tarnished after Alec. She thinks that she is a person broke into the holy temple of the sinner”，unconsciously considered herself as a whore, a bad woma n, a falle n woma n.” This in crease self-torme nt and sufferi ng of her misfortune. When she fell in love with Claire, her felling is not more happy, but the fear, an xiety, shame and regret. She thought that she did not deserve his love, so whe n the face of Claire "marriage proposal, she freque ntly gave way. Fi nally she agreed to marry him. All of these illustrates the weakness of Tess,as if she was born to sin, to suffer the torture. Even when Claire abandoned her, she also quietly owed all the blame to herself, let life make fun of her own destiny.5.3 Tesss Fatalism TendencyTess' fatalism tengency in her character in her life is another important reason which led to her tragedies. Whe n Tess first recog nize the Ale'home, she was stabbed chest by rose on her way to his home. She thoughtedit was an uniucky omen” to cast her shadow over her life. When Tess tried on wedd ing dresses, the mind emerged out of the folk disloyal wife had put on it will never fit. ” and she therefore had a heavy heart. Bridal portraits of her ancestors on the wall made her tense, and thought of Father Lawrence'swords, This joy of violent will have the violent end. ” It all gave Tess a bad felli ng that good luck always missed her. Fatalism thinking swallow Tess and her courage to fight life and weake n the morale of her.Tess' se was a life of resista nee, but in her character, also in cluded the conservative and backward things, the existenee of the old ethical values reflected conservative moral values behind her side, which was the embodiment of social limitations of the system of Tesss character. Tess lives in a villege where existed religious forces, and it is in evitable to be affected by the moral values. Tess con sidered that she was forced to lose her virginity as a sin, and this conception became a subc on scious mind, and haun ted her so long. She thought that whe n she lost virg in ity to Alec, there was a moral force. nomin ally she was Claireswife, but morally, had shehas the rights to request this particular sub-power?How much more of it to say she was Alec' wife?Until the Alec s second appearanee, such a guilt had been lingering in her mind:from the physical point of view, Alec was her true husband. She was the ritual law of sinners, and not fit to be Clay ' isiwi f elly reflected the limitations of Tessand her moral con servati on. As a moral con servative female, Tess gave up her power to obey her husband. In fact, Claire mercilessly throwed her from the spirit of promoting the impasse. Tess must hate Claire deeply, but Tess actually accepted this un fair fate silently, and voluntarily gave up the equal rights to Claire. Even she humbled to the Claire, said: “I have to like yolike a poor slave, obey you, that you let me die, I do not go aga inst you. ” Tess§ in sig ni fica nt behavior made Claire be more cruel to her, addi ng to her tragic fate. So whe n Tess was aba ndon ed,she always shut herself up, honored Claire's instructions. Her pain was not born out of some sense of this, but more than half were due to the secular bias. It can be seen that the traditional conception deepened oppression of the large to Tess, and also reflected Tesss own limitations. However, this limitation could not contain the purity in her character, and her developme nt and show of resista nee.5.4 The Resistance in Tess CharacterTess was a typical character of old moral which Hardy wan ted to criticised. She had the traditi onal virtues of kindn ess, but was persecuted by the old moral. She was a new image of modern wome n who gradually formed a sense of resista nee. In the dark en vir onment, Alec seduced her and the traditi onal social prejudices con sidered that she was a guilty woma n and an example of immoral woma n. Although has bee n in sulted, but she did not force Alec to marry her. In contrast, she left him with no hesitation. This reflected her sense of resista nee, her spiritual purity and high moral character. Claire's multiple courtship, made her step into the abyss of her inner pain. On the one hand she was touched by the mercy of Claire, on the other hand she worship Claire limitless. However, she also absolutely refused to marry so rush in case that her husba nd would regret to marry her whe n he knew the truth. For one thi ng, she was excepti on ally happy. She loved him very warmly, and she looked him as god”.For ano ther, she was very miserable. Because she un derstood that she should not married Claire. She struggled, grin ded her teeth to live a serious and in depe ndent life. Tess tried to pursue good things, but the visible and invisible evil tightly surrounded her and made her breathless. She would rather die for her lover, do everythi ng he wan ted, but was give n his ruthless aba ndon! People dema nded her as perfect as God, and this was absurd and un realistic. She used an extreme way to express her love and hate. This was a weak woma n who issued a strong protest.Tess had the courage to resist the hypocrisy of religion and the old moral values. The con tradictio n betwee n Tess and Alec can be said an embodime nt of the oppressed workers and the concrete expression of social contradictions. Tesss attitude to Alec was very clear in the beg inning, she declared/' I do no t like you!I hate youi hate you! ” Later, when Tess was annoyed by Alec for the second time on the farm, She beated him. Fin ally, she ignored the bourgeois law and morality and killed him. It was like a heavy beat to that dark society. Clearly, the resista nee is one of the main aspectsi n Tesss thought. Un til the end of the novel, there was such a descripti on:She woke up whe n she found surroun ded by sixtee n people, she did not feel n ervous because this was what she expected, she stoodup and went towards the wait ing men “I am readyThis was such a brave woma n! she was educated, in tellige nt. Her beauty was based on the n atural beauty of the sacred and imbued with n oble beauty. It was obvious that such a society had destroyed a pure woma n. Tess showed the courage to explore the power of resista nce and the con fide nce to pursue which was hidde n in the little.6. ConclusionA lot of reflection was left by Hardy through his creation of Tess ' s ITegsdy. was a strong woman throughout the novel. She stood up for herself and refused to crumble un der pressure. It is true Tess should deserve respect because of en duri ng a great deal of pain. Yet, for her tragedy, it is not proper to blame solely on the un equal society that Tess lived in. Readi ng over this book, maybe some one think if does not have such un expected eve nt; perhaps Tess has the happy life and safely completes her life, but there are some factors which could not think in her each important life stage, these factors cause her tragedy. In actually, this was the time which she lived and her natural weak ness in vested her in this poor situati on. Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reas on for her death, but it is An gel who killed her in directly but more cruelly. Face such a serious situation, her individuality weakness suits the accomplice.In a word, Tess has show n a powerful womans ima g e to com mon people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resista nce in imbu ing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savori ng.。
苔丝英语论文提纲范文
1.苔丝英语论文提纲Tess of the D'urbevilles长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名小说家和诗人托马斯·哈代（1840-1928）的代表作yesterday, I read the novel called "Tess of the D'urbevilles". written by afamous Englishwriter Thomas Hardy.The novel tells a story about a pretty and good girl called Tess, who lived in avillage in Marlott. To her sadness, when she was seventeen, she was no longer apure and untouched girl. She gave birth to a baby, which didn't live long. SoTess changed from a pure gir l to a grown —up.Because she was the eldest of the 7 children in the family, she found a job tosupport the whole family in a dairy.There she knew Angel and married him. Butunluckily. when Angel knew her sad story, he left her and went to Brazil.Tessled a hard an d lonely life after that. Later when she knew Angel had retumedhome and found out thatshe was living with the man who had given the damage to her before,Tess couldn'taccept the fact and killed the man who was living with her.Then she escaped and spent together with Angel three days and nights. The policefound them on the moming of the fourth day. A few days later, Tess was executed.Having read this novel, I like the heroine very much because of her purity,warmness, nobility and the spirit of devotion, She dared to fight against theevil, bravely seek and sturggle for the rights of love.Thomas Hardy was famous for the poetical novels. "Tess of the D'urbevilles"isone of this kind. The novel is so fresh that it is nearly like a poem. Fornearly a century, it has been popular with the people all over the world.2.分析苔丝悲剧的论文提纲分析苔丝悲剧摘要：在托马斯•哈代的“性格和环境”小说《德伯家的苔丝》中，悲剧形成的原因主要是苔丝个人的性格与命运、环境、社会的冲突，从而造成了个性的毁灭。
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析 英语毕业论文
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析摘要：托马斯·哈代、最有影响力的英语作家,建立了19及20世纪的文学形式。
他的代表作品,《德伯维尔家的苔丝》揭示了小说“性格与环境的精神”。
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》使哈代的文学创作取得了辉煌的成就。
哈代认为苔丝拥有女性的主要性格--纯洁,这使得他遇到激烈和严厉的批评,他们中的大多数人可以接受哈代的观点。
哈代的杰作《德伯维尔家的苔丝》描写了一个有痛苦经历的乡村女孩。
她用自己的双手去劳动,使人们感到她的真心。
她是一个“纯洁的女人”。
最后她以悲剧结束，人们讨论她的悲剧原因。
然而,她有一个强大的精神的战斗,反对社会、伪善的宗教。
她所做的一切就是放弃旧道德的社会,追求幸福的婚姻。
同时苔丝是一个纯洁的女人她对她的家庭和她的爱负责。
她已在世人面前表现她所受到的侮辱,这预示着一种抗强大的女人的形象。
AbstractThomas Hardy, one of the most influential English writers, helped forge a link between the 19th and 20th century literary tradition .Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of his representative works, best reveals the “Novels of Character and Environment” spirit. Tess is the crowning achievement of Hardy’s literary creation.Hardy considers the main female character of Tess as “A pure woman”, which made him encounter fierce and harsh criticism, for most of them could accept Hardy’s view . Hardy’s masterpiece Tess of the D’Urbervilles describes the miserable experience of a rural girl. But too unfortunate to overthrow this girl who calls Tess, she relies on her own hands to work, moving people with her own sincerity. She is “a pure woman”. Finally she winds up with the tragedy, which is why people often discuss her as the source of the tragedy. However, she has a powerful spirit of fighting, fighting against the society, the hypocritical religion. All she did was to abandon the old ethical society and to pursuit a happy marriage. Meanwhile Tess is a pure woman and she is responsible for her family and her love. She has shown in front of common people her own practical action that she is insulted, which indicates a resisting powerful woman's images.Key words: revolt, compromise, a pure woman ,responsibilityA personality analysis of TessIntroductionThomas Hardy (1840-1928) was a Britain’s critical realism novelist and poet at the end of the 19th century. Hardy’s creation period includes carrying out the transition to the stage of imperialism from non- monopoly capitalism. His novel is filled with his background in homeland, including the near prefecture district. He has observed the agricultural crisis to fill in miserable consequence that the special prefecture causes in one, describe this regional peasant’s disaster received. Tess of the D’Urberville, is the first famous work of Britain outstanding realistic writer. Because Hardy had once had experience of living in the Ministry of Agriculture, he was extremely familiar with peasants’life, personality, custom, language, etc. Works of Hardy reflect capitalist factor invading Britain social economy, politics, morals, and enormous custom changes of under countryside, showed the miserable destiny of the rural working people of specific historical period. The theme of Hardy’s novel is to show the antinomy between people and society, personality and environment, especially through the description of issues such as love and marriage, displaying the individual confliction when people fight against social outmoded practice, religion law, morals custom. In his works, especially woman images in the works of him have deeply shown this characteristic. Tess of the D’Urbervilles, is the essential reflection of Hardy’s style and the society he wanted to show.Chapter One The Personality of Tess ----the Spirit ofRevolt1.1 Tess’s Fight to the Moribund Society1.1.1 The Moribund SocietyAs industrial movement swept England in the 19th century, People pour into countryside in crowds, as wild animal pray on like the animal occupying that land liberated. In a short period of time, Britain rural resident many times since the period of Louis 14, and the number of people is also running up. When the number of them has exceeded the urbanite, they have exercised an influence on urbanite again. So, the difference between the city and village becomes smaller and smaller, the urbanite’s thought and lively style make the village getting vigorous. 1Been classified as eliminating the differentials between town and country of the socialist goal by us all the time, it was that falling has been realized like this unexpectedly here. Especially, Woman has to oppress seriously from moribund society, it cause to grow spirit of revolt.1.1.2 Resistance of the Moribund SocietyBecause of the social reason, many people have to revolt. Tess is the one of these people. Tess hates the moribund society and Alec. When seeing Tess, he set the trap that has destroyed the young girl’s chaste and the happiness in all her life. Alec not only has essence and characteristic of the landlord class but also reflect the essential characteristic of the capitalist class. He thinks he has money and high social status, and Tess will like him. But he is wrong, Tess disdain to Alec, she is surrender to Alec, she isn’t marry to Alec as her mother ask for her, she says：“Perhaps any woman will, but I exception.” This prove that Tess resist with moribund social evil force. She wouldn’t wait impatiently to save herself from society fully, she would rather rely on her own efforts to be impractical on evil forceunder the foot. Beg that gives alms. When Alec requires Tess stay at his side, Tess responds him firmly. “Never, never! I made up my mind as soon as I saw--what I ought to have seen sooner, and I won’t come.” These also show Tess’s spirit of revolt to the moribund society. Until the fact that Angel come back, Tess break out finally, “And my sin will kill him and not kill me! ... O, you have torn my life all to pieces ... made me be what I prayed you in pity not to make me be again! ... My own true husband will never, never--O God--I can’t bear this! -- I cannot!”2 She has lifted the knife, killed Alec, as the severe reaction unjust to this society. Even if she has accepted the judgment of the death, she is quiet leaving finally, because she got the fairness of her heart at last, got the balance. There is only one effective method to reach the moribund resistance---kill Alce.1.2Resistance of the Traditional Moral Concept1.2.1The Traditional Moral ConceptTess lived in a small village where people’s concepts are traditional. They could not accept someone to violate the concept. If someone violate, they will disdain her. Angel, husband of Tess, is one of the representatives of traditional moral concepts, being even the main rea son that causes Tess’s tragedy. In his eyes, Tess is “what a fresh and pure daughter of nature that dairymaid is!” holy and pure, but Tess is to her honest experience abused on the past at the newly married night, because of his traditional moral concept, he has not forgiven Tess, as Tess did forgive his dissolute behavior. This shows a deep-rooted traditional chastity idea is still in his mind. Angle could not forgive Tess because there are some traditional concepts in his mind, but Tess forgives him. These prove Tess’s spirit for the traditional concepts.1.2.2Resistance of the Traditional Moral ConceptTess dare saying her own past bold, she believes whether a woman is pure or not, is not to look chastity, the more important thing is the soul and quality, Tess has not been defeated after suffering misfortune. Not crushed by the traditional morals ethics idea, she still has deep love for working, relying on herself to live. Clare forgives Tess when return after going out, which prove traditional failure of moral concept after all and make the final victory in resistance of Tess. In addition, after Tess has illegitimate children, she has not abandoned him, but bring him up until he died. Tess does not give consideration to the view of the people around, using her own practical action to show common people the purity of a woman losing virginity, which is resistance of her traditional moral concept to the old society too --W hether can’t evaluate the woman’s purity or not with the woman’s chastity. It is obvious, Tess with her industrious and simple and sincere and strong traditional moral concept of resistance, and has won the victory.1.3Resistance of the Hypocritical Religion1.3.1The Hypocritical ReligionBritain followed Christianity in the 19th century, the religion was a spiritual tool that was used for liberating the people on the surface. When people see through its hypocritical side, they will resist it. Tess is also the one who object to it when looks through it. Alec turns respectable for a time with the help of old pastor, and after he meets Tess, evil thought regenerated. Tess sees through the soul of the pastor, pointing out precisely: “Don’t go on with it!” she cried passionately, as she turned away from him to a stile by the wayside, on which she bent herself. “I can’t believe in such sudden things! I feel indignant with you for talking to me like this, when you know--when you know what harm you’ve done me! You, and those like you, take your fill of pleasure on earth by making the life of such as me bitterand black with sorrow, and then it is a fine thing, when you have had enough of that, to think of securing your pleasure in heaven by becoming converted! Out upon such--I don’t believe in you--I hate it!” It is obvious that Tess discontented with the hypocritical religion, and Alec utilizes the coat of the religion, making the obscene behavior, scorned by Tess, the severe reaction of Tess: “But I have not defended the weak woman of ability, Alec! I am still grasping the honor of a good person in the hand! --Think carefully --You do not feel ashamed! “This is Tess that reprimand to Alec frivolous act, pointing out Alec’s mask of “good person”. Not merely, she has also beaten back the harassing and wrecking of Alec. In addition, after illegitimate child of Tess fall ill, Tess forewarns the finishing of this light life, she ignores the restraint of the religious doctrine of the religion, and has done baptism for this child. But now that her moral sorrows were passing away, a fresh one arose on the natural side of her: she knew nothing about social law.3When she reached home she learned that the baby had been suddenly ill since the afternoon. Such collapse had been probable, so tender and puny was its frame, but the event came as a shock nevertheless. But no one to help her, they disdain her, so Tess think the religion is hypocritical.1.3.2 Resistance of the Hypocritical ReligionThe calmness, which had possessed Tess since the christening, remained with her in the infant’s loss. In the daylight, indeed, she felt her terrors about his soul to have been somewhat exaggerated, whether well founded or not she had no uneasiness now, reasoning that if Providence would not ratify such an act of approximation she, for one, did not value the kind of heaven lost by the irregularity--either for herself or for her child. She returns reasoning and says: “If God is unwilling to sanction this kind of close method on the whole of hers, that piece lost paradise have value can speak either because this kind does not conform to normal baptism then.” Therefore Tess believes if religion is true, equal, then have the so-called paradise, if the religion is unfair to people, is hypocritical, this is whatshe’s judgment of the religion false, at the same time it is the resistance of the hypocritical religion too, she believes real religion is true, real religion should adhere rigidly to the form, norm, otherwise would rather not believe. The above behaviors and speech have proved Tess to the hypocritical resistance of one side of religion effectively. She despises to the representative of religion hypocritical, and it shows her spirit of revolt extremely especially to hypocritical religion.1.4Resistance to the Unfortunate Marriage1.4.1The Unfortunate MarriageUnder parents’advice, under the pressure of the family life, Tess has entered into d’Urbervilles home, the haggling business, which had mainly depended on the horse, became disorganized forthwith. Durbeyfield was what was locally called a slack-twisted fellow, he had good strength to work at times, but the times could not be relied on to coincide with the hours of requirement. And having been unaccustomed to the regular toil of the day laborer, he was not particularly persistent when they did so coincide. Tess, meanwhile, as the one who had dragged her parents into this quagmire, was silently wondering what she could do to help them out of it, and then her mother broached her scheme go. And it is unfortunate to suffer, but she didn’t want marry Alec, which would save her misfortune by obtaining the marriage. She still wants to pursue the real happiness and marriage. So, she met Clare, fall in love with him, and combine with him. In order to live in a happy life with Angel, she tried every means to forget her sad past and treat him sincerely. After Angel knows she was raped by Alec, their relationship is torn apart, and Angel Clare leaves for Brazil, then Tess has finally been forced to marry Alec. She never feels happy in the marriage with Alec. That is the unfortunate marriage she has. She wouldrather bear the shame sign of “woman losing virginity,”stands enormous social pressure and terrible discrimination, than to violate her own true feelings and spoil her own true love.1.4.2Resistance Tess to the Unfortunate MarriageTess of the D’Urbervilles, has a subtitle, “a pure woman”. This proves Tess’s unfortunate fight of marriage. She thinks the losing of the virgin’s chastity does not mean losing the purity of the love. So she again and again asks Angel: “I thought, Angel, that you loved me--me, my very self! If it is I you do love, O how can it be that you look and speak so? It frightens me! Having begun to love you, I love you forever--in all changes, in all disgraces, because you are yourself. I ask no more. Then how can you, O my own husband, stop loving me?” She does not think that love must be equivalent to chastity, but believes that real love should be the idea of abandoning common customs, natural, simple and honest. Though she fails to get understanding from Clare at the beginning when she was ready for the happy marriage that she dreams of, she never give up, still veining for a gleam of hope for the happy marriage. However, finally she could not get rid of the evil force. Before she gets pardon from Angel, she falls into inferior trap of Alec. She killed Alec. Obtain unprecedented ease and freedom. Tess has a happiest time while catching. She leaves happily finally. She has been lived again on younger sister, who get real purity marriage without prejudice and common customs.Chapter Two Tess’s Natural Instincts —Compromise, a New Woman and a Pure Woman2.1 Tess’s Compromise to AlecAfter Tess’s horse died, her life is change. In order to support her family, she has to live with Alec. When Tess comes across with Alec near four years later in the village of Ever Head, though Alec D’Urbervilles seems first to have undergone a remarkable transformation from a rake into a pious and religious man, he discards this posture so effortlessly and quickly that it seems to have been a superfluous charade. Alec can escape legal sanctions, unaffected. He represents a larger moral principle rather than a real individual man. Like Satan, Alec symbolizes the base forces of life that drive a person away from moral perfection and greatness. Tess continues to suffer as a social outcast because of a disgrace that is much more Alec’s fault than hers, yet the hypocritical Alec has the luxury to repent and even win acceptance as a preacher. Tess’s plight as a woman thus appears incredibly unjust, stressing “The Woman Pays”. So, Tess is observant and distrusting of Alec, and she views his conversion as a plot to win her back. She has learnt her lesson about risking herself and her happiness for the sake of money. She is much stronger woman now and is more knowledgeable about conniving men, especially Alec. This strength deters Alec and makes him feel weaker and more vulnerable because his plot is not working.Her second compromise to Alec is when she lives with Alec again, while enduring the abandoned life, as Tess struggles with Alec’s temptation, her need for Angel, becomes more and more desperate. If Angel were to return to her and do his duty as her husband, her problems would greatly diminish. She writes to Angel and pleads that he not judges her onher irretrievable past. Tess’s situation thus makes her very vulnerable to Alec’s persuasions. She is obviously heartbroken and needs to be loved more than ever. She is also distraught by her family’s ever-worsening financial situation. Alec’s reasoning seems more valid to Tess than it has in the past. In a way, Tess and Alec are similar in that they have both fallen and ask for forgiveness for their indiscretions. After a long wait for Angel’s reply, but nothing, Tess begins to realize that Alec may be her only hope. She gives up all hopes and becomes Alec’s mistress for the sake of her family. Tess’s love is not given the spirit of transcendence and physical beauty, but with the loss of self-emaciated blind and miserable, unrealistic to imagine that there is no hope with the chessboard, and all are attributable to the self-destiny of the fate and helplessness. Her life is not worthwhile to an attachment that her man and this is a profound tragedy. When she feels the opinions of all the sacrifices so insignificant, as all acts of levity, finally decides to angrily rebel. Of course, Tess once expressed her plainness angrily by the last letter to Angel under a completely disappointed condition. ”O why have you treated me so monstrously, Angel! I do not deserve it. I have thought it all over carefully, and I can never, never forgive you! You know that I did not intend to wrong you-why you so wronged me? You are cruel, cruel indeed! I will try to forget you. It is all injustice I have received at your hands.”Even when Angel comes back with love and loyalty to ask for her forgiveness, she says to him: “Too late, too late!”“Don’t come close to me, Angel!” All of these are still not Tess’s real intentions from her posterior acts. When she stays with Angel while escaping to be arrested, she says: “I want you to go on loving me. I’m afraid you might reject me one day for what I’ve done. Then I would rather be dead I must have been mad to kill him! But I don’t want to be alive when you reject me for it”. 4 Because she is disappointed with Angle, so she compromise to Alec.2.2 A New WomanTess is a new woman because she leaves her husband and lives with Alec. When she first meets Clare again, she does not dare to leave Alec, her current love, because she has committed adultery before marriage .When Clare turns back to Tess and finds her, he still notices the pure outlook of Tess.” Her great natural beauty was, if not heightened, rendered more obvious by her attire.” Her beauty cannot be covered, but she does not think she could live with Angle, she lives with Alec and becomes Mrs. D’Urbervilles at the moment. “She had not come forward, remaining still in the opening of the doorway.” She rather not goes near Angle. She reminds Angle “too late”. However, “her voice sounding hard through the room, her eyes shine unnaturally.”This shows that she still has good feeling with Clare .Gradually, she shouted, “I hate him now, because he told me a lie-that you would not come again; and you have come!” She is disappointed because she thinks that Clare would not look for her. She hates Alec because she loves Clare. Although she again asks Clare to go away, her loves makes Clare strong. She is fighting for her own way. She breaks through the convention because she is not submissive or docile. She is fortitudinous self-dependent. Tess is seduced by Alec, she is pregnant and has a son who dies in infant. Refused by a priest, Tess baptizes her son with the help of her sisters and brothers, and buries him herself. Without hesitation, Tess goes to a farm as a dairymaid. There she meets and marries to Angel. But Angel abandons her relentlessly after he knew her past. When she is conscious that Angel will never forgive her, she returns home. In order to hide this truth, she bravely leaves home again for work. These show her courage for live. She do not complain but want a new life. There is a setting in the novel about Tess finds several wounded birds. “Poor darlings-to suppose myself the most miserable being on earth in the sight of such misery as yours!”5 She exclaimed. And not a twinge of bodily pain about me! I be not mangled, and I be not bleeding, and I have two hands to feed and clothe me…The another setting is the description about Flintcomb-Ash “The stubborn soil around her showed plainly enough thatthe kind of labor in demand here was of the roughest kind, but it was time to rest from searching, and she resolved to stay,”These two settings reveal Tess’s fortitude and self-dependence.Tess is full of rebel spirit. It mostly is displayed in the relation between Tess and Alec. At the blush Tess dislikes Alec. No regard of his blandishments, she leaves him angrily after she is seduced by him. Later, when they meet again, Tess finds Alec suddenly changes his identity to be a priest. Tess feels it’s a great irony to religion. So she uncovers his filthy inbeing with the acid-tongued words. “Have you saved yourself? Charity begins at home, they say.”“…You, and those like you, take your fill of pleasure on earth by making the life of such as me bitter and black with sorrow, and then it is a fine thing, when you have had enough of that, to think of securing your pleasure in heaven by becoming converted! Out upon such-I don’t believe in you-I hate it!” In order to stop Alec’s pestering again, Tess hits him by her glove. At last, she wakes up to that she has been ruined completely by Alec, she takes up a knife and kill Alec in desperation. She is not submissive to man. She shouts to Alec when Clare has gone. “You had used your cruel persuasion upon me…I have lost him now-again because of you! You have torn my life all in pieces…made me is what I prayed you in pity not to make me be again! My own true husband will never-O God-I can’t bear this! I cannot!” Her shouting greatly indicates her character of a new woman. She dares to express her anger in front of her husband because she wants to fight for her true love. She does not want to be suppressed in such a patriarchal society. She is a representative of a new woman.2.3 A Pure WomanTess was born in a family of a poor rural tradesman, this is the reason why she is pure. T here were many children in her family. Her father drank a lot and didn’t work hard and her mother herself liked a child and never thought about the future. In order to earn some money, Tess and her little brother Abby had to set off with the beehives on the early morning. But unfortunately, the poor “Prince”, an old horse, the only possessive of her family died on the way. Who could support the family without “Prince”? Life became rather difficult for the Durbeyfields. Tess was so kind that she wondered how she could help her parents all day. But what she could do only was to look after the children and do some housework. Her mother sent her to claim kin with a distant relative of noble D’Urbervilles family in the hope of changing the poor and miserable condition of the family. Here she did not expect to have the life of the upper–class, she only wanted to work hard to support her family. Because of her pure she does not Alec is a bad man, so she was seduced under the circumstance of her innocence when they were lost in the forest. Tess lost her girlish purity. But we could not accept that it was Tess’s fault. As the people of her village said, “It was to be”. From then on, Tess’s life was to be completely different.For the sake of her family, she spared no effort to devote herself. After being deserted by Angel, her family was in trouble. Her father died of illness. Her mother was ill seriously. Her brother and sister were unable to go to school. The whole family begged along the street. In this case, Tess had to live together with Alec to improve her family’s living condition. It seemed that she was not a pure woman. But in that society and that time, women’s status was very low. They had no better way to earn a lot of money to support their family. So Tess had no choice but sacrifice herself in order to make the life of family improve. Tess is a selfless women, she still kept a noble spirit. In this sense, I think Tess was a pure woman.Chapter Three A personality of Tess ----Responsibilityand Honest3.1 Tess is Responsible for Her FamilyTess is able to bear great burdens placed upon her at a young age. She is between the ages of 16 and 23 when we read her tale. This ability to undergo so much at such a young age builds her character so that we see her as a powerful force in the novel. She accepts blame for Prince’s death; the death of her infant son, Sorrow; the loss of Angel and the destruction of her marriage; as well as her killing Alec with her own hands and leaving home three times in her life to “test the waters of the world” outside her village. Tess is a fresh country girl who is full of the sense of responsibility for her family because of father’s laziness and mother’s simple mindedness. The horse’s death let her think she is responsible for this accident and she must earn money to support her poor family. This guilt leads her to visit the D’Urbervilles and puts her into an uncertain and potentially dangerous situation. The death of her father adds her family’s eviction because her reputation makes it incumbent on her to act for her young brother and sisters. With no option, she bears sadness to live with Alec again. If not for Tess, the family may be very badly off indeed, but Tess’s self-sacrifice gains nothing except a series of blame.Tess came back home again after Angel’s leaving. She sent all her money to her poor family. Then she had to bear a heavy family’s burden again. In order to get enough food to keep herself and her family alive, she left Marlette again looking for work. She found irregular diary work for the spring and summer. It was so hard a job that once she was near to faint. And after the death of her father, her family had to leave their cottage. However,they had nowhere to live. Tess could not endure the burden of the life any more. In order to support the life of her family, she had no choice but to live with Alec again as his mistress.“Tess’s acute sense of responsibility, which may lead to the assumption of tasks to be done or to the sense of guilt for things done or left undone, is a strongly unifying element.”6 She first felt “self-reproach” for staying so long at the dance, and “remorse” for her mother’s labor in getting her frock ready. When her father was drunk, she took the wagon on an all-night trip toward the market. She fell asleep, and the horse was killed. Because she felt responsible, she undertook another venture that she disliked---visiting the D’urbervilles in the hope of improving the family fortunes. She always had a feeling of responsibility for her family’s difficulties. That was why she endured so many pains.She might had a comfortable life with the money Angel left for her, she might had a normal and happy life as other maidens if she refused to visit the D’urbervilles, but the character of endurance and responsibility made her did everything for her poor family.3.2 Tess is Honest to Her LoveTess’s true and pure love to Clare drives her to break the convention. She says, “I never loved him at all, Angel, as love you…Angel will you forgive my sin against you, now I have killed him?” Her ending of her relationship by means by murdering is unconventional. She can do anything even murders others just for her true love. She says, “O yes! I could walk forever and ever with your arm round me.” Although she is in a tough situation, her love for Clare is concrete and this drives her mad. She says again, “I feel strong enough to walk any distance.” Her love forces her to break-through. Her character of a new woman is clearly shown. Tess undergoes her self-discovery journey to look for her own happiness. Tess is free from the marriage convention after her killing Alec. She does not feel sad。
苔丝的性格分析 英文版
Analysis of Characters of TessAbstract: Tess is shaped and praised by Hardy in his novel Tess of d’Urbervilles; she is a rebel image in English literary history. By the description of her tragic, Hardy shows his resistance and struggle against feudalism and bourgeois morality, religion and social oppression. Hardy‟s defiance against the status quo of Victorian England is both fierce and unrelenting and that is why both the last novels met with terrific accusations from the bourgeois authorities and their henchmen the critics.Key Words:sweet-natured, kind-hearted, pure, rebelⅠ.IntroductionTess, the heroine of Hardy‟s Tess of d’Urbervilles, is a peasant girl. And when Hardy gives the novel a subtitle, “A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented”, we can see him defying the Victorian moral standard by calling Tess a pure woman. The character of Tess is extremely well drawn. A victim of the society, Tess is portrayed as a sweet-natured, kind-hearted, pure and rebel girl, and yet she is not free from the influence of social conventions and moral standards of the day. These characters make the image of Tess alive, moving and become an immortal artistic image. This paper attempts to detailed analysis and exposition of the characters of Tess.Ⅱ. Characters of Tess2.1 Sweet- natured character of Tess“A fresh and virginal daughter of Nature” is what first Tess seems to Angel Clare. Tess always maintains the essence of herself as the daughter of a peasant; she loves life, loves nature and gives off the fragrance of the nature without decoration. Tess is the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d‟Urbervilles. In the late 19th century Britain was completely ruled by capitalism, these aristocratic families of mighty powers have been gradually declined. D‟Urbervilles family inherited to Tess' father only reduced to a village haggler; the only way to proof the association with his ancestors was “a wold sliver spoon and a wold graven seal”. Tess' father happened to know that he was the descendant of the d‟Urbervilles from the pastor; he feels so rafted after his uplifting by the news and says to villagers“I‟ve-got a gr‟t-family-vault-at-Kingsbere and knighted-forefathers-in-lead-coffins-there!”He is proud of his noble origin and stains with secular and vanity. Mrs. Durbeyfield− a hardworking and plain woman−fells complacent because of her husband‟s noble origin. But Tess, who lives in the family with vulgar atmosphere, always maintainsthe virtues of working people; she has an aversion to the vulgarity of her parents and despises the noble origin. She always believes that she is a peasant‟s daughter and lives on her own labor. “…I have as much of mother as father in me! All my prettiness comes from her, and she was only a dairymaid‟, she said.”Every word shows that Tess‟ love and pride of the working class. Tess would rather adhere to the surname “D urbeyfield” than use the surname of aristocratic family “d‟Urbervilles” in order to raise her status. Angel called Tess Artemis, Demeter, and other fanciful names half teasingly, which she did not like because she did not understand them. “…Call me Tess‟, she said to Angel.”It forms a distinct compare with Alec, who picks the surname “d‟Urbervilles” from the British Museum, posing the character of aristocratic people. This show that Tess is a sweet- natured girl, who despises noble origin, hates vanity but takes pride of working class.2.2 Kind-hearted character of TessTess‟kind-hearted character shows the love of life, hard-working and brave enough to face all difficulties with a selfless self-sacrifice. Tess is the eldest child in her family. When she was sixteen years old, she shouldered her family burden without complaint. “There came to her a chill self-reproach that she had not returned sooner, to help her mother in these domesticities, instead of indulging herself out-of-doors.”She helps her father to sell hives, but on the way to market the horse called Prince was killed by shaft of the cart, which destroyed the major income of her family. “Tis all my doing-all mine!”So Tess is persuaded by her mother to visit the prosperous d‟Urbervilles and to claim kin, though actually the latter is a family of capitalists who have recently acquired wealth and bought their way into the gentry. She works there and is seduced by the young master Alec d‟Urbervilles, and has to return home in disgrace. She gives birth to a child who dies in fancy, and she is considered a sinful woman. How great sacrifice she did for her family! When Angel leaves her for Brazil and she goes home. Again the great poverty at her home forces her come out look for work. When she leaves home she took twenty-five of the fifty pounds Clare had given her, and handed the sum over to her mother, saying that it was a slight return for the trouble and humiliation she had brought upon them in years past. Tess‟work as wage-laborer at the Flintcomb-Ash farm shows farming was then run on the capitalist basis, with the employment of badly exploited and oppressed wage-earners who had to work on the hardest working conditions. What Tess received at the hand of her master the farmer at the Flintcomb-Ash farm-both tyranny and insult- sufficiently indicates how much a poor peasant girl, of a small free-holder family, had to suffer not that of an individual or a family, but is symbolic of the destruction of the English peasantry toward the end of the 19th century. Then the news of her father‟s death comes to her, and with it the expulsion of her family from their cottage, and becauseof her father being a life-holder, his death ends automatically their tenantry on the land. This finally drives Tess to go back and seek for assistant from Alec. This time was completely forced by social oppression and family poverty. She bears her sufferings in order to let her mother and siblings have settled place. This show Tess is a kind-hearted girl, who sacrifices all her happiness and all she has in order to rescue the family difficulties.2.3 Pure character of TessTess‟ purity shows her attitude towards love. Her love is sincere, persistence and faithful and all shows the virtue of a pure peasant girl. She deeply loves Angel, who is a diligence, politeness and unbounded by religious; she deeply hates Alec, who is a cunning, idle dandy and seduces her. Tess purses the purity of love; she loves the virtues instead of money. Although she deeply falls in love with Angel, she thinks she should not stain his pure soul because of her past. “The struggle was so fearful; her own heart was so strongly on the side of his-two ardent hearts against one poor little conscience- that she tried to fortify her resolution by every means in her powers.”Angel proposes to her and they arrange to married. Previous to the wedding she writes of her past relations with Alec on piece of paper and thrusts it into his bedroom, but the paper gets mislaid under the carpet in the bedroom and so Angel does not get it. Then, on the wedding night, after Angel tells her of his past relations with a bad woman, Tess tells her whole story about Alec. But, while she forgives him readily, he is too much of a hypocrite and a snob and thinks too much of his reputation and his honor to forgive her and leaves her for Brazil. Tess silently endures Angel‟s unfair treatment and doesn‟t tell her family the truth. She never uses Mrs. Clare to call herself and obeys Angel condition- do not come to him and write to him if necessary. Angel doesn‟t know, perhaps because he doesn‟t understand the roughness of life in the English villages, which she has seduced and had an illegitimate baby at the age of sixteen. And Tess is unable to be really happy at Talbothays, as all her instincts tell her to be, because she can not forget that in the eye of the world she is a fallen woman. “It has been so much my religion ever since we were married to be faithful to you in every thought and look, that even when a man speaks a compliment to me before I am aware, it seems wronging you.” Even so when she meets with annoyance on account of the same she ties up her face in a bandage as long as people would believe in it. This show Tess is a pure girl, whose attitude towards love is purity and faithful.2.4 Rebel character of TessHer rebellion shows her resistance and struggle against feudalism and bourgeois morality, religion and social oppression. Tess‟ baby dies in fancy because the baby is offence against society in coming into the world. Tess‟father refuses her request because he thinks it‟s a shame for the noble family. She ignores the rules of religionand does baptism herself for her baby. When the pastor can not give the baby a Christian burial, “I do not like you, and I do not like your God. And I will never set foot in your church again,”Tess said firmly. It is not an easy thing to say such rebellious word in that time. When she meets Alec who has now become a preacher but whose religious calling does not prevent him from trying to renew his former relationship with Tess. Alec troubles Tess many times when she works as wage-laborer at the Flintcomb-Ash farm. She can not bear him so “she passionately swings the glove by the gauntlet directly in his face. It is heavy and thick as a warrior‟s and it strikes him flat on the mouth. Fancy might regards the act as the recrudescence of a trick in which her armed progenitors are not unpracticed.” Angel has, however, somewhat repented of his harsh of his treatment of Tess and now returns from Brazil to be reconciled to her, but finds of her to be living again with Alec. Tess seeing that Alec‟s relations with her prevent her from going back to live happily with Angel for the second time, hates him for ruining her life and kills him. “By degrees he was inclined to believe that she had faintly attempted, at least, what she said and she had done; and his horror at her impulse was mixed strangeness of its quality, which had apparently extinguished her moral sense altogether.”This show Tess is a rebel girl, who resists to bourgeois morality, religion and social oppression.Ⅲ. ConclusionThis is one of the most tragic dilemmas in all Hardy‟s novels. It is not an easy thing to be ahead of one‟s time, at any rate not in Victorian England, the most sincere convictions are liable to crack under a personal shock. Hardy describes Tess as a sweet-natured, kind-hearted, pure and rebel girl and these characters make the image of Tess alive, moving and become an immortal artistic image. The causes of her tragedy are not only the natural factors but also her characters. Although Tess hanged in the end of the novel, she had a sort of noble and pure strength; this is the charm and beauty of Tess of d’Urbervilles.Bibliography[1]Thomas Hardy. Tess of d’Urbervilles. Great Britain: Bridgeman Art Library，1993.[2]Chen Jia. A History of English Literature. Beijing: The Commercial Press，2004.[3]Merryn Williams. A Preface to Hardy. Beijing: Beijing University Press，2005.[4]Sun Jieqiong.Tess of d’Urbervilles.Beijing: China Radio International Press,2011.[5]/view/95a2d945b307e87101f69681.html。
苔丝的英文读后感
苔丝的英文读后感Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A ReflectionThomas Hardy's novel "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" is a powerful and heart-wrenching tale of a young woman's struggle against the constraints of society and the cruelty of fate. The story of Tess Durbeyfield is one that resonates with readers on a deep emotional level, and as I reflect on the novel, I am struck by the profound impact it has had on me.One of the most striking aspects of "Tess of thed'Urbervilles" is the way in which Hardy portrays the injustices and hardships faced by women in Victorian England. Tess's story is one of exploitation, betrayal, and tragedy, and yet she remains a figure of strength and resilience throughout. Her character is a testament to the indomitable spirit of women in the face of adversity, and her struggle for autonomy and self-determination is both inspiring and heartbreaking.The novel also offers a searing critique of the rigid social hierarchies and moral double standards of the time. Tess is condemned and ostracized for her "fallen" status, while the men who have wronged her are largely absolved of responsibility. Hardy's portrayal of the hypocrisy and cruelty of the society in which Tess lives is a powerful indictment of the oppressive forces that shape her fate.At the heart of the novel is Tess's complex and tragic relationship with the two men in her life, Angel Clare and Alec d'Urberville. Both men exert a powerful influence over Tess, and both ultimately fail her in different ways.Angel's idealization of Tess as a pure and innocent woman leads to his rejection of her when he learns of her past, while Alec's predatory pursuit of her sets off a chain of events that culminates in tragedy. Tess's relationships with these two men are emblematic of the broader themes of love, desire, and betrayal that permeate the novel.Hardy's evocative and lyrical prose brings the landscape of rural England to life, and the natural worldserves as a powerful backdrop to Tess's story. The bucolic beauty of the countryside stands in stark contrast to the harsh realities of Tess's life, and the novel's descriptions of the natural world are imbued with a sense of both wonder and foreboding. The imagery of the natural world serves as a powerful metaphor for Tess's own inner turmoil and the forces that shape her destiny.As I reflect on "Tess of the d'Urbervilles," I am struck by the enduring relevance of its themes and the timeless power of its storytelling. Tess's struggle for agency and self-determination, her defiance in the face of societal oppression, and her ultimate tragedy continue to resonate with readers today. The novel's exploration of love, desire, and betrayal is as poignant and thought-provoking as ever, and its critique of social injustice remains as urgent and necessary as it was in Hardy's time.In conclusion, "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" is a novel that has left a profound and lasting impression on me. Its portrayal of the struggles and triumphs of its protagonist, its searing critique of social injustice, and its evocativedepiction of the natural world combine to create a work of enduring power and relevance. Tess Durbeyfield's story is one that will continue to resonate with readers for generations to come, and its themes will continue to provoke reflection and discussion.。
英美文学论文----德伯家的苔丝
英美文学论文----德伯家的苔丝T ess: A pure woman---An Analysis of T ess’s Tragic Fate 苔丝:一个纯洁的女人---对苔丝悲剧的分析AbstractWith the development of society, people pay more and more attention to women.However, especially in the pastdays, women were treated unfairly.Key wordsTess of the D’Urbervilles, tragedy，capitalism摘要随着社会的不断发展与进步，妇女的地位愈受关注。
然而，在过去的时代，封建观念根深蒂固，妇女仍受到不公平的待遇。
《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代的伟大著作，小说描述了一位纯洁姑娘的不幸命运。
这篇论文就是通过对女主人公苔丝的悲剧命运的详细分析。
IntroductionTess of D’Urbervilles,the book about ordinary people and common things, is one of Thomas Hardy’s famous works. The novel takes young lady’s fate as the thread. This paper makes an analysis of the causes of the lady’s fate in Tess of D’Urbervilles.I.The background of Hardy and his T ess of D’UrbervillesA.The background of HardyThomas Hardy (1840-1928) was born in Upper Bockhampton; Dorset.He is an outstanding realist in English literature and has many bitter known novels, such as The return of the Native, The Mayor of Caster Bridge, Jude the Obscure.Hardy studied about Greek tragedy and Shakespearean tragedy all this life, which resulted in his pessimistic attitudes towards fatalism.B.The background of Tess of D’UrbervillesIn his great work, the author demonstrates his point about the capitalist society as well as its system. In the wake of the industrial revolution in the UK, the exploiting class exploited the working class. Tess is one of the poor employees. She is the representative victim at that time.II.The causes of Tess’s tragedyA.It is no doubt that Tess’s tragedy is the socialtragedy. After the industrial revolution in the UK,the capitalism spreads to countryside, giving a hitto its economy. Tess’s families are an epitome ofthe whole countryside. Though beautiful, smart andhardworking, Tess is at lower position in thesociety. As a labror, she has no power or money, bearing a heavy burden, so she faces different kinds of oppression and humiliation.B.It is the direct cause of the tragedy that she isthe victim of the violence, vicious power as well as the laws that maintains rich people.Alec is the representative among them. Forced by the poor life, Tess has to find her distant relatives, though she is unwilling. There she is seduced by the young master as well as a hypocritical rogue, Alec, and returns home pregnant and disgraced. After the death of her baby, the priest refuses to give the baby a baptism because he thinks that Tess is nota purer. Why Alec can be so aggressive consists inhis wealth and the connive of the cabalism system.The society and law all hold the views that Alec is innocent, Tess guilty. The injustice proves the ruthless and hypocrisy of the capitalism laws.C.The spiritual ravagement to Tess fromtraditional ethics becomes another main cause of the tragedy. After being humiliated by Alec,Tess has to bear the worldly- opinion and traditionalmorality .She is so brave that she chooses toendure.However,her husband ,Angel Clare, knowsthis ,and discards her because he thought she is notvirgin. Clare pushes Tess to the edge of the danger,taking the only hope from the poor woman. Thisforced her back to Alec .Finally she kills Alec.Heronly revolt is the powerful illustration of all thetorment and mortification she has suffered. Herdeath is the focus and epitome of the dark society. ConclusionTess is a tragic character, and a victim of the society with darkness. Her tragedy results from not only the society, but her own flaccid character. Her death is inevitable.Notes(1)英美文学选读教材(2)《德伯家的苔丝》青岛出版社，王静（译者）(3)《T ess of the D’Urbervilles》Tomas Hardy中国对外翻译出版公司2009(4)http:///doc/9816118125.html,/ymwx/lw_11 3911_6.html。
tess简介和人物分析_苔丝
英语论文《德伯家的苔丝》中女主人公的性格分析
英语论文《德伯家的苔丝》中女主人公的性格分析毕业设计（论文）题目：《德伯家的苔丝》中女主人公的性格分析Analysis to the Heroine’s Characters inTess of the D’UrbervillesAnalysis to the Heroine’s Characters in Tess of the D’UrbervillesA ThesisSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Bachelor’s Degree in English Language and Literature Supervisor: Wang YuekeAcademic Title: Lecturer Signature______ApprovedDecember20101CONTENTSAbstract in Chinese (ⅰ)Abstract in English (ⅱ)1. Introduction...................................................................... . (1)2. The Analysis and the Main Heroes in Tess of D’Urbervilles............. . (3)2.1The Analysis of Tess (3)2.2 The Main Heroes in the Novel (4)3 The Characters of Tess (5)3.1 The Character of Purity of Tess (5)3.11 Purity of Tess in the Tradition Moral Concept (5)3.12 The Hypocritiacl Religion (6)3.2 The Spirit of Revolt of Tess (7)4 On the Lack of Consciousness of Tess to Angel (9)4.1 The Weakness of Tess to Angel (9)4.2 The Lack of Consciousness of Tess (10)Conclusion (11)Bibliography (12)ABSTRACTTess of D'Urbervilles was one of the most excellent long novels of Thomas Hardy, the writer, mainly focus on Tess who has lost her chastity with rich and deep spiritual inner world activities in realistic method. The heroin, Tess, is filled with a great many characters, who is an attractive, pure, innocent and smart countryside girl. She was unwilling to give in even though in the most difficult situation and had a great sense to revolt the unfortunate marriage. However, she sacrificed herself against the feudal society for unreasonable and traditional morality conservative which made her the art image of immortality in the world literature. In this paper, the writer mainly illustrate the pure disposition of Tess and celebrated her great rebellion against the unjust treatment after she lost her chastity. Above all the good characters of T ess, she still had weakness. Because of this, she failed to pursue the happiness and lost the right of female in the man's dominated society, also for her lacking of consciousness to Angel's love.Key words: Character; Purity; Revolt; Weakness; Consciousness.摘要德伯家的苔丝是托马斯.哈代最著名的长篇小说之一。
(英语毕业论文)从女性主义分析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因
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Name 江洪
No.12011011072
Course 英国文学选读
Date 2013/11/3 The Importance of Setting to the Characterization of
Tess and Her Fate
It is said that tragedy is to destroy all the good things to the people’s face. Hardy’s environmental description provides a perfect interpretation for what Lu said. At that time, no matter how hardly Tess tried, all is end in tragedy. She is a poor lady who was persecuted by life and manipulated by social reality. Some say our fate is tied to the environment as much a part of us as we are of it. As a time art and spatial art, the novel’s environmental description is of great importance, which offers a big stage for character to act and gives a major push to develop plots. On top of this, the novel’s environmental description is closely related to heroine’s personality and her bitter experience.
“They were indisposed to stir abroad, and the day passed, and the night following, and the next, and next; till, almost without their being aware, five days had slipped by in absolute seclusion, not a sight or sound of a human being disturbing their peacefulness, such as it was. The changes of the weather were their only events, the birds of the New Fo rest their only company.” From the two sentences, it's not hard to see that Tess and Angel they temporary had a wonderful time. They realized that time flows away easily so that both of them cherished and enjoyed their hard-won time. Every time Angel mentioned to leave the house they live for the time being, Tess always strangely showed her unwillingness. “He peeped out also. It was quite true; within was affection, union, error forgiven; outside was the inexorable.”From this sentence, we can understand what causes Tess’s reluctance. Once they leaved the house, their peaceful and happy life would finally come to the end.
“Though the sky was dense with cloud, a diffused light from some fragment of a moon had hitherto helped them a little. But the moon had now sunk, the clouds
seemed to settle almost on their heads, and the night grew as dark as a cave.” The sentence describes a picture of the sky was decorated with dark clouds and hazy light from some fragment of a moon so that they could hardly find their way to happiness. It also gives a hint to readers that Tess’s future was almost filled with darkness and hopeless. “Owing to the action of the sun during the preceding day the stone was warm and dry, in comforting contrast to the rough and chill grass around, which had damped her skirts and shoes.” The sentence tells us that Tess was so exhausted after such a long journey. She lied on the oblong slab to sleep for a while. The stone was a part of the Pillar, which was used to offer up a sacrifice to the sun in ancient times. Obviously, Hardy made a special mention of the Pillar so as to imply that Tess is a totally innocent sufferer. However, the representatives of social habits force took advantage of her to make certain their interests .In their eyes, Tess is nothing but a woman of unchaste. From where the author stands, he considered Tess as an innocent sacrifice to spirit, because only chaste things is qualified for being an offering. For this reason, “the altar”is actually used by Hardy to courageously attack the social conventions.
In fact, every sight, every color and every place in this book has its inherent meanings. Hardy used various kinds of color to describe natural scenery. All in all, the back ground color of where Tess stayed is the reflection of Tess’s mentality and her destiny.
References
Thomas Hardy (1840~1928).Tess of the D’Urberwilles。