美国历史【英文】
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• • • • • • 1799: coup becomes first consul 1804 emperor Won many wars Lost war of 1812 Levee en masse Napoleon’s paradox: some equality, but not much liberty: ended feudalism spread religious tolerance rationalized administration provoked nationalism
II. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
A. The North American Revolution, 1775–1787 1. Revolutionary? 2. Differences between English in England and English in America (no aristocracy, dominant church, lots of land) => ethos of Freedom 3. New taxes (Seven Years’ War, 1754-1763) and ideas from the Enlightenment 4. A revolutionary society before the revolution 5. But US constitution begins, “We, the people…”
HUMS 101: Atlantic Revolutions and Their Progeny
I. Atlantic Revolutions in a Global Context
A. A “world crisis?” B. Uniqueness of the Atlantic revolutions C. The Atlantic as a “world of ideas”: improvement, reason, social contract (Locke and Rousseau), liberty and equality D. Democratic revolutions: gradually led to expanded political participation. E. Global impact of the Atlantic revolutions, 1789-1989…
Women in French Revolution (5 Oct. 1789)
• Charlotte Corday, 1768-Hale Waihona Puke Baidu3 • Jean-Paul Marat, 1743-93 • Jacques-Louis David
Napoleon Bonaparte, b. 1769- d. 1821
II. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions B. The French Revolution, 1789–1815 1. Enlightenment 2. US Revolution’s influence: ideas, war debt, and taxes 3. Resentment of privilege: Estate system, peasants’ burdens 4. 1788: Louis XVI calls a meeting of the EstatesGeneral (had not met since 1614) 5. Increasing radicalism (war) 6. 21 January 1793: Louis Capet guillotined. 7. Inventing a new, rational world: calendar, metric system, uniform legal code
II. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
B. The French Revolution, 1789–1815 4. Women’s participation and then repression: march on Versailles, Olympe de Gouges; then backlash; Jacobins were anti-women. 5. Birth of the nation and the citizen: cut off king’s head, so what were they fighting for?
• • • •
II. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
C. The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804
1. Saint Domingue, the richest colony in the world: 8000 slave plantations produced 40% of world’s sugar; 50% of coffee 2. African slaves, white colonists, and gens de couleur: a. 500,000 African slaves b. 40,000 whites: rich grands blancs; poor petit blancs c. 30,000 free mixed race 3. Slave revolt, civil war, and foreign invasion 4. Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803 5. Haiti: a post-slavery republic, but poor, isolated divided. 6. “Independence debt”: 150 mill francs; paid off in 1947.
II. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
A. The North American Revolution, 1775–1787 1. Revolutionary? 2. Differences between English in England and English in America (no aristocracy, dominant church, lots of land) => ethos of Freedom 3. New taxes (Seven Years’ War, 1754-1763) and ideas from the Enlightenment 4. A revolutionary society before the revolution 5. But US constitution begins, “We, the people…”
HUMS 101: Atlantic Revolutions and Their Progeny
I. Atlantic Revolutions in a Global Context
A. A “world crisis?” B. Uniqueness of the Atlantic revolutions C. The Atlantic as a “world of ideas”: improvement, reason, social contract (Locke and Rousseau), liberty and equality D. Democratic revolutions: gradually led to expanded political participation. E. Global impact of the Atlantic revolutions, 1789-1989…
Women in French Revolution (5 Oct. 1789)
• Charlotte Corday, 1768-Hale Waihona Puke Baidu3 • Jean-Paul Marat, 1743-93 • Jacques-Louis David
Napoleon Bonaparte, b. 1769- d. 1821
II. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions B. The French Revolution, 1789–1815 1. Enlightenment 2. US Revolution’s influence: ideas, war debt, and taxes 3. Resentment of privilege: Estate system, peasants’ burdens 4. 1788: Louis XVI calls a meeting of the EstatesGeneral (had not met since 1614) 5. Increasing radicalism (war) 6. 21 January 1793: Louis Capet guillotined. 7. Inventing a new, rational world: calendar, metric system, uniform legal code
II. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
B. The French Revolution, 1789–1815 4. Women’s participation and then repression: march on Versailles, Olympe de Gouges; then backlash; Jacobins were anti-women. 5. Birth of the nation and the citizen: cut off king’s head, so what were they fighting for?
• • • •
II. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
C. The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804
1. Saint Domingue, the richest colony in the world: 8000 slave plantations produced 40% of world’s sugar; 50% of coffee 2. African slaves, white colonists, and gens de couleur: a. 500,000 African slaves b. 40,000 whites: rich grands blancs; poor petit blancs c. 30,000 free mixed race 3. Slave revolt, civil war, and foreign invasion 4. Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803 5. Haiti: a post-slavery republic, but poor, isolated divided. 6. “Independence debt”: 150 mill francs; paid off in 1947.