第二章 美国工程索引及其方法

下图是1988年以后的文摘正文著录格式示例
①COMPUTER SOFTWARE ②Management ③030395 ④Managing software products and process.⑤The software crisis is not a problem than can be solved by traditional engineering methods. It has introduced an additional level of complecity in product development. This has lead to an environment analogous to a softwaredepression of long duration and with poor prognosis of recovery. One of the first challenges lies in finding an estimating method to insure that everything that needs to be included in the estimate of software development costs are identified. Management must implement a comprehensive metrics program. The pragmatism is to minimize the risk in the software development process. Another first step in establishing a good software management program is to develop a software configuration management plan and a software quality assurance program. The development of training programs for software engineers cannot be over emphasized. Modern management methods must be applied to the software development in order to keep a competitive position in the world. 13 Refs. English⑥ ⑦Richards, Thomas C.(Univ of North Texas , Denton, TX, USA). ⑧Proc Proj Manage Inst Annu Semin Symp Managing for Quality,⑨Proceedings of the 1991 PMI Annual Seminar/Symposium, Dallas, TX, USA, Sep 27-Oct 2 1991. ⑩Publ by Project Management Inst, Drexel Hill, PA, USA, 1991 p 180-184. (引自1992年 《Ei》年刊 p.2890)
①COMPUTER SOFTWARE—Management② ③See Also INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT ④023635 ⑤MANAGEMENT OF SOFTWARE WITH A LONG LIFE SPAN. ⑥Ex-perience particularly in the US military field,has highlighted the problems of escalating software support costs in computer-based systems.This has resulted in the realization that software should be developed with the aim of minimizing through-life support costs rather than initial procurement costs， thus allowing software to be supported over periods of up to 20years and be transported over successive generations of hardware without the major cost of replacement of the software. Although the problems of designing and implementing software which is capable of a long life span are becoming better understood,the problems associated with the management of software to achieve this life span are less well under-stood. This paper discusses topics such as quality plans, documentation standards and configuration management and describes the methods which may be applied to the management of software to enable the benefits of the initial investment to be realized. (Author abstract) 9 refs. ⑦ ⑧Sinclair,Iain J. (YARD Ltd Glasgow,Scotl).⑨J.Inst Electron Radio Eng v 55 n 5 May 1985 p 172-716. (引自《Ei》1986年年刊p.1921）
第一节《工程索引》概述 美国《工程索引》（The Engineering Index， 简称Ei），创刊于1884年，由美国工程信息公司（The Engineering Information Inc.）编辑出版，是世界 著名的工程技术综合性检索刊物。 《Ei》名为索引，实为文摘期刊。
所报道的文献几乎涉及工程技术各个领域。但 纯基础理论或者专利文献则不作报道。 《Ei》目前有六种出版形式：
第二节 编排结构与著录
《Ei》的月刊和年刊由正文、索引和附录三部分组成。 月刊和年刊的正文是以主副标题词为标目的文摘。 1.文摘正文 主标题词是采用黑体大写字母印刷，副标题词则 以首字母大写印刷。主、副标题词分别按字顺排列。 这些词全部取自工程信息公司自编《工程标题词表》 (Subject Headings for Engineering,《SHE》。 下图是1987年以前的文摘正文著录格式示例：
①COMPENDEX Plus数据库的CD-ROM ②Ei生物工程与生物技术数据库的CD-ROM ③Ei书目型数据库的CD-ROM
不论哪种形式，区别仅仅是载体或刊期的不同，内 容是相同的。
《Ei》的特点： ①出版历史悠久，报道的文献数量大、涉及学科多、 参考价值高。 ②正文文摘采用主题（标题词）编排，可依字顺查 找所关心的标题词，标题词下即列有有关文献摘要 和出处，有利于直接检索。1987年后新增的主题索 引兼顾了关键词（未经规范的自然语言）方法，适 应了工程技术的飞速发展Fra Baidu bibliotek更加方便了查找。 ③出版形式多，月刊、年刊和其它版各有长处，可 根据需要选择使用，也可配合使用。
(1)《工程索引月刊》（The Engineering Index， Monthly）。该月刊文摘报道日期与原始文献发表日 期间的时差约6-8周，报道较为迅速，但它不便于追 溯检索。
(2)《工程索引年刊》（The Engineering Index， Annual）。
年刊的优点是便于追溯检索，但出版时差要大于一年。
(3)《工程索引卡片》（Card-A-Lert）。1928年创刊。 每周出版一次，时差仅4-6周，1975年停刊 。
(4)《工程索引缩微胶卷》（《Ei》Microfilm）。 1970年起出版，主要为多年累积索引。 (5)《工程索引》的数据库（Ei COMPENDEX Plus） (6)《工程索引》光盘产品。